scholarly journals Migration and Its Impact on Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Muslih Faozanudin ◽  
Shainima Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
The Impact

People’s mobility and international migration are quite interesting phenomena to discuss. Until now, there are still differences in views between industrialized countries and developing countries regarding the contribution of migration to development for both sending and receiving countries. This paper aims to analyze based on existing secondary data the linkage between migration and sustainable development. For analysis, this study uses a descriptive approach, with secondary data as the primary source. The analysis found that both sending and receiving countries - benefited from population mobility and international migration. The least developed countries in the economy and overall infrastructure are supplying countries for this migration process, and increasing remittances and skilled workers to help other countries. Although it is realized that this condition is the impact of the weak economic system of developing countries on the one hand and the demographic that occur in advanced industrialized countries on the other. To maintain the stability of the supply chain for economic development, international migration is included as one of the sustainable development programs that apply more humane values. Therefore, migrants should be seen as potential contributors to the growth of sending and receiving countries, and some even claim that they are heroes of foreign exchange. Keywords:  migration, remmitance, sustainable development Mobilitas masyarakat dan migrasi internasional merupakan fenomena yang cukup menarik untuk dibahas. sampai saat ini masih terdapat perbedaan pandangan antara negara industri dan negara berkembang, tentang  kontribusi migrasi terhadap  pembangunan, baik  bagi negara yang asal migrant maupun bagi negara penerima. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berdasarkan data sekunder yang ada mengenai keterkaitan antara migrasi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Untuk analisis, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber primer. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa kedua negara-negara pengirim dan penerima - mendapat manfaat dari mobilitas penduduk dan migrasi internasional. Negara-negara kurang berkembang dalam ekonomi dan infrastruktur secara keseluruhan menjadi negara pemasok untuk proses migrasi ini, dan meningkatkan pengiriman uang dan pekerja terampil untuk membantu negara lain. Meskipun disadari bahwa kondisi ini merupakan dampak dari lemahnya sistem perekonomian negara berkembang di satu sisi dan faktor demografi dan kesuburan yang terjadi di negara industri maju di sisi lain. Untuk menjaga stabilitas rantai pasokan pembangunan ekonomi, migrasi internasional dimasukkan sebagai salah satu program pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menerapkan nilai-nilai yang lebih manusiawi. Oleh karena itu, para migran harus dilihat sebagai kontributor potensial bagi pertumbuhan negara pengirim dan penerima,  bahkan ada yang mengklaim bahwa mereka adalah sebagai pahlawan devisa. Kata kunci:  migrasi, pembangunan berkelanjutan, remiten

scholarly journals The Impact of Sustainability Awareness and Moral Values on Environmental Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5882
Author(s):  
Rita Yi Man Li ◽  
Yi Lut Li ◽  
M. James C. Crabbe ◽  
Otilia Manta ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
The Impact

We argue that environmental legislation and regulation of more developed countries reflects significantly their moral values, but in less developed countries it differs significantly from their moral values. We examined this topic by using the keywords “sustainability” and “sustainable development”, studying web pages and articles published between 1974 to 2018 in Web of Science, Scopus and Google. Australia, Zimbabwe, and Uganda were ranked as the top three countries in the number of Google searches for sustainability. The top five cities that appeared in sustainability searches through Google are all from Africa. In terms of academic publications, China, India, and Brazil record among the largest numbers of sustainability and sustainable development articles in Scopus. Six out of the ten top productive institutions publishing sustainable development articles indexed in Scopus were located in developing countries, indicating that developing countries are well aware of the issues surrounding sustainable development. Our results show that when environmental law reflects moral values for betterment, legal adoption is more likely to be successful, which usually happens in well-developed regions. In less-developed states, environmental law differs significantly from moral values, such that changes in moral values are necessary for successful legal implementation. Our study has important implications for the development of policies and cultures, together with the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations in all countries.

scholarly journals Human Rights in the Least Developed Countries of Asia: An Index for Quantifying Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4747
Author(s):  
Karen G. Añaños Bedriñana ◽  
José Antonio Rodríguez Martín ◽  
Fanny T. Añaños
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to measure disparities among the variables associated with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 defined by the United Nations (UN) in the least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia. In the terms of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, LDCs are countries with profound economic and social inequalities. The indicator was constructed using a set of variables associated with SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing. Applying Pena’s DP2 distance method to the most recent data available (2018) enables regional ordering of Asia’s LDCs based on the values of these variables. The index integrates socioeconomic variables that permit examination of the impact of each individual indicator to determine territorial disparities in terms of the partial indicators of SDG3. “Maternal education,” “Proportion of women who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use, and reproductive health care,” and “Gender parity index in primary education” are the most important variables in explaining spatial disparities in good health and wellbeing in the LDCs of Asia.

Migration, Diasporas, Remittances and the Sustainable Development Goals in Least Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Migration, diasporas and the growth of remittances are key contemporary development trends which impact directly the lives of one in seven persons and often some of the most vulnerable and as such are critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda of “leaving no one behind”. Migration is captured in four Goals and five Targets in the SDGs however it is argued that the developmental potential of migration for LDCs is an underexploited asset. The paper offers critical perspectives on the SDGs targets by analysing the impact of remittances (including South-South remittances) and other financial investments such as diaspora savings and bonds. The analysis then focusses on financial innovation through the growth of money transfer organizations in LDCs (i.e. Haiti, Tonga and Bangladesh) and the rise of mobile money. The impact of these trends on financial inclusion and the banking of unbanked populations is then considered. The paper concludes with some key recommendations and insights.

scholarly journals International Intellectual Property Agreements as Agents of Sustainable Development of Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bethel Uzoma Ihugba ◽  
Ikenna Stanley Onyesi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Status

The paper examines the implication of International Intellectual Property (ip) laws and agreements on the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (ldcs) and Developed Countries (dcs) and suggests approaches for improving the development and wellbeing of people in the developing world through national ip laws. The paper argues that generally international ip agreements may appear biased against developing countries and most dcs are reluctant to challenge the status quo and/or use the flexibilities of the international ip agreement to promote the wellbeing of their citizens. However, the article finds that ldcs and dcs could change this trend through the creative use of national ip laws and international agreements to promote the sustainable development of ldcs and dcs. The major instrument suggested for this shift in approach is the establishment of national ip administration institutions and the positive use of compulsory licences.

A Prima Facie Evidence on the Impact of Export Diversification on Relative Trade Preferential Margin

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160015
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Preference ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper assesses the impact of export diversification in developing countries and particularly Least developed countries (LDCs) on the relative preferential margin that they enjoy in accessing preference-granters’ market. The analysis is carried out in a gravity-type model comprising 19 developed countries and 54 beneficiaries of non-reciprocal trade preferences from these developed countries, over the period 2002–2007. The empirical analysis suggests a non-linear relationship between the degree of export diversification in developing countries and the relative preferential margin that they benefit from developed preference-granting countries. However, it appears that the latter encourage LDCs to diversify their export products by providing them with higher trade preference advantages compared to their competitors in their markets.

scholarly journals The consequences of agricultural trade liberalization for developing countries: distinguishing between genuine benefits and false hopes

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE BUREAU ◽  
SÉBASTIEN JEAN ◽  
ALAN MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Agricultural Trade Liberalization ◽  
The Impact

Recent analyses suggest that the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on developing countries will be very uneven. The Doha Round focuses on tariff issues, but some developing countries currently have practically duty-free access to European and North American markets under preferential regimes. Multilateral liberalization will erode the benefits of these preferences, which are presently rather well utilized in the agricultural sector. While South American and East Asian countries should benefit from an agricultural agreement, African and Caribbean countries are unlikely to do so. The main obstacles to the exports of the sub-Saharan African and Least Developed Countries appear to be in the non-tariff area (sanitary, phytosanitary standards), which increasingly originate from the private sector and are not dealt with under the Doha framework (traceability requirements, etc.). An agreement in Doha is unlikely to solve these problems and open large markets for the poorest countries. While this is not an argument to give up multilateral liberalization, a more specific and differentiated treatment should be considered in WTO rules, and corrective measures should be implemented.

scholarly journals Term Paper on The Nature of Cyber Crime and Cyber Threats: A Criminological Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashraful Mozid ◽  
Nelufer Yesmen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Cybercrime is one of the fastest-growing criminal activities in contemporary age. The first recorded cybercrime happened in France in the year 1820. It was not as sophisticated as cybercrime we know in our world today, but, still, that was a crime. Cybercrime has evolved globally as the online platform is progressing. While progress is made in the battle against cybercrime there still remains a wide gap in the consistency of laws across international borders. The main objectives of this study are to explore the nature of cybercrime in developing countries, find out the cyber threats for terrorist activities and explain cybercrime and threats from criminological aspects. This is a descriptive study which is based on secondary data. This study is based on previous researches & studies. this paper discusses the nature of cybercrime in developing countries. It could allow developed countries to understand better the national and international effects of that cyber threats, to determine the conditions of current regional and international agreements, and to help countries create a sound legal framework. And then we notice the impact of cyber threats all over the world. At last, we discuss cybercrime from criminological point of view. Cybercrime is not limited to two neighboring countries and cross-border conflicts; an attempt could be conducted from another world. It is fearful to see cyber wars as the easiest way to carry out sabotaging rather than wars such as cold war, chemical and biological wars, terrorist wars or jihadist attacks. The international legal framework aims by the International Criminal Court to keep offenders accountable for their actions. The government has by far the biggest burden and obstacle in raising knowledge of cybercrime among the people.

scholarly journals Trash Trade and Environmental Regulations: An Assessment

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Shamila Dawood ◽  
Ajra Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Perfect Set ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Following China's decision to ban trash import in 2018, some countries in Southeast Asia are at the forefront of banning and imposing stringent measures to crackdown trash trade. The new trend in trash trade regulations had further impacted weaker countries and made a haven for dumping waste unless they adopt a uniform mechanism to regulate or completely ban trash trade within the region. This study aimed to analyze the recent response of some developing countries to the trash trade and how likely this response impact other countries in the same region, taking into account the impact of the trash trade on the environment and health and waste handling capacity. This study adopted doctrinal analysis that combined descriptive and analytical approaches to analyze trash trade and regulation impacts in developing countries and arrived at a need for a holistic approach and national waste management policy to encourage the recycling industry in trash receiving states. This study found that although developing countries had a perfect set of rules and norms regarding sustainable waste management and protecting illicit trash trade, most of them had shortages due to internal and external factors. Solid waste management in developing and least developed countries was a never-ending problem due to the low technological requirements and economic investments.  KEYWORDS: Trash Trade, Developing Countries, Environmental Justice.

Patents, Technology Adaptation, and Exports to Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper conducts a disaggregated analysis of high technology trade to determine which high technology goods, if any, developed countries export in the presence of stronger developing country patent rights. One argument for implementing strong patent rights in developing countries is that doing so will attract high technology exports from industrialized countries, which should consequently lead to economic growth. However, the impact of patent rights on high technology exports is not identical across all industries. This paper postulates that the role of developing country patent rights in increasing high technology imports depends on the production and adaptation costs of foreign innovating firms, and the usefulness of the high technology good in developing country production processes. When the cost of adapting a foreign innovation for use in developing countries is relatively low, and when the innovation is highly useful in the domestic production processes of developing countries, strengthening patent protection has little impact on attracting foreign innovations. However, when the cost of adapting the good for use in developing countries is relatively high, patent protection can be used as a policy tool to limit competition, raise the price received by innovating firms, and, ultimately, attract foreign high technology goods from abroad.

Multilateral trade liberalization and developing countries’ economic exposure to shocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade Liberalization ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of multilateral trade policy (MTP) liberalization on developing countries’ economic exposure to shocks. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is conducted on a panel data set comprising 120 countries over the period 1996–2013 and uses the within fixed effects estimator. Findings The empirical results suggest that over the entire sample as well as sub-samples of least developed countries (LDCs) and non-LDCs, multilateral trade liberalization have a negative and significant impact on economic exposure to shocks. Interestingly, LDCs appear to experience the highest magnitude of the reducing impact of multilateral trade liberalization on countries’ economic exposure to shocks. Research limitations/implications These findings suggest that a greater cooperation among countries in the world, including among WTO members to further liberalize trade would surely contribute to reducing developing countries’ economic exposure to shocks. Practical implications The current study shows that the current backlash against trade and the consequent strong appeal for domestic trade protectionist measures would likely to undermine the likelihood of further multilateral trade liberalization. One implication of this could be a rise in countries’ economic exposure to shocks. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is first the study on this matter.

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