Environmental Design and Neighborhood Context: A Multi-level Analysis of Crime at Apartments in Cincinnati Neighborhoods

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096244
Author(s):  
Rustu Deryol ◽  
Troy Payne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Crime Counts ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level

The present study examines the role of opportunity on crime counts within the multicontextual opportunity theoretical framework. We used weighted multilevel regression modeling of site observation data from a Cincinnati-based sample of 1003 apartments nested within 228 census block groups. Results indicate that only a couple of environmental design features are associated with crime in the expected direction, and some of these associations are neighborhood-context-dependent. We conclude that the results support the propositions of multicontextual opportunity theory suggesting that neighborhood level factors condition the relationship between micro level opportunity factors and crime. Since there is a scant literature on this topic, more research is needed to see if the findings hold true in other places.

On Important Role of the View of Harmony between Man and Nature in Modern Art Designing - Taking Environmental Design as an Example

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Gang Lv
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
People Orientation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Art Designing

This paper mainly discusses the important role of the Chinese ancient view –“harmony between man and nature” in modern design. It focuses on the analysis of popular concepts of “environment orientation” and “people orientation” in environmental design, and holds the view that the concept of “harmony of man and nature” makes up for the deficiencies of the first two. In dealing with the relationship between man and himself or nature, the concept of “harmony between man and nature” offers a good theoretical basis which will surely become new ethics and standard in design.

Guardianship and Informal Social Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Reynald
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neighborhood Level

This article provides a critical overview of the concepts of guardianship and informal social control. The discussion compares these fundamental criminological concepts and highlights areas where there is overlap, as well as key points of departure. The relationship between these concepts is scrutinized to illustrate their distinct origins as well as the distinctive ways each of these concepts have developed within the criminological literature. This article focuses on informal social control as a multi-level community process, and on guardianship as a multi-dimensional situational concept comprising, in its most fundamental form, the presence or availability of guardians, inadvertent and/or purposive supervision and direct or indirect intervention. In doing so it showcases the dimensions of guardianship which bear close resemblance to aspects of informal social control, while simultaneously emphasizing that there are important distinctions to consider when comparing some of these dimensions and the levels at which they operate. One core distinction is that informal social control is dependent on neighborhood social ties and collectively shared expectations. On the other hand, while guardianship can be strengthened by social ties at the street-block or neighborhood level, it does not necessarily require such ties to function effectively at the microlevel. Although these concepts do coincide the discussion stresses that theoretical and empirical clarification about what makes them distinct is important. In conclusion, this article shows how each concept makes a unique contribution to criminological understanding about the role of informal citizens in crime control at places.

Study on Wood Carbon Sequestration Based on Micro-Characteristics of Wood

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1693-1696
Author(s):  
Ming Hui Guo ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Trees are complicated and important organisms in forest ecosystem. They are both carbon stocks and carbon source. In order to give full play to the role of wood carbon sequestration, this paper discussed the relationship of wood structural features and wood carbon sequestration at micro-level. It shows that wood carbon sequestration can be synthetically reflected by vessel, tracheid/xylon, wood rays, intercellular canal, xylem parenchyma and so on. The rate of cell wall and wood carbon sequestration is the relationship of direct proportional function. Micro-structural characteristics of wood can reflect wood carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems, as well as have a practical guide to enhance carbon storage of wood.

The role of strategic environmental orientation in environmental design practices

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Ga (Mark) Yang ◽  
James Jungbae Roh ◽  
Mingu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe current study aims to investigate the role of strategic environmental orientation (SEO) in implementing environmental design practices (EDPs).Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of survey data collected from 212 US manufacturing firms, structural equation modeling and regression analysis are used to test the proposed research model.FindingsThe findings of the present study suggest that SEO not only drives firms' design of environmental products but also moderates the relationship between EDPs and environmental performance. However, SEO turns out not to moderate the relationship between EDPs and operational performance. This study also highlights that firms' EDPs play a critical role in enhancing environmental performance as well as operational performance.Originality/valueBy examining the important role of SEO, this research unpacks the moderating role of SEO between EDPs and firm performance, thus shedding light on how SEO promotes EDPs and the effectiveness of EDPs.

Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan S. Blyde ◽  
Mayra A. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.

Quality of Government and Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 398-426
Author(s):  
Marina Povitkina ◽  
Simon Matti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Public Goods ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research on the relationship between quality of government (QoG) and environmental sustainability is scant, scattered across different disciplines, and is characterized by a disconnect between studies focusing on the effects of QoG on the micro level (individual behavior) and micro level (country policies and actions). The chapter synthesizes the different literatures on the connection between various elements of QoG, such as low levels of corruption, bureaucratic capacity, and rule of law, on the one hand, and environmental sustainability on the other hand. On the macro level, it theorizes the role of QoG in securing governments’ production of environmental public goods. On the micro level, the chapter discusses how QoG can shape cooperation in collective action dilemmas over natural resource use, as well as how it contributes to generating public support of and compliance with environmental policies.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (BMT) DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Solikhul Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Present System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Descriptive Method

BMT is a financial institution that is engaged on a micro level, based on  operations on economic principles lawful, fair and profitable. The role of Baitul Tamwil (productive economy) is as Baitul Maal (social roles) that serves to distribute capital surplus  to the needy. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the public's perception of the existence of BMT in economic empowerment in Jepara. This study resulted in a recommendation that BMT is able to improve the performance and quality of the local economy. BMT institutionally is capable of providing a positive perception for people who use the services of BMT. This study is a descriptive study conducted. Descriptive method is a method in researching the status of groups of people, objects, state of thinking in the present system. The goal is to make the description or painting in a systematic, timely and reliable information on the facts, investigated the relationship between phenomena and to test hypotheses, make predictions, get the meaning and implications of a problem to be solved.

scholarly journals THE RACIAL ECOLOGY OF LEAD POISONING

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Sampson ◽  
Alix S. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level

AbstractThis paper examines the racial ecology of lead exposure as a form of environmental inequity, one with both historical and contemporary significance. Drawing on comprehensive data from over one million blood tests administered to Chicago children from 1995-2013 and matched to over 2300 geographic block groups, we address two major questions: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and variability in children’s elevated lead prevalence levels? And (2) what is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and rates of change in children’s prevalence levels over time within neighborhoods? We further assess an array of structural explanations for observed racial disparities, including socioeconomic status, type and age of housing, proximity to freeways and smelting plants, and systematic observations of housing decay and neighborhood disorder. Overall, our theoretical framework posits lead toxicity as a major environmental pathway through which racial segregation has contributed to the legacy of Black disadvantage in the United States. Our findings support this hypothesis and show alarming racial disparities in toxic exposure, even after accounting for possible structural explanations. At the same time, however, our longitudinal results show the power of public health policies to reduce racial inequities.

scholarly journals Institutional Complexity and Individual Responses: Delineating the Boundaries of Partial Autonomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Martin ◽  
Graeme Currie ◽  
Simon Weaver ◽  
Rachael Finn ◽  
Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Institutional Complexity ◽  
Change Initiatives ◽  
Organizational Fields ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Professional Market ◽  
The Relationship

Research highlights how coexisting institutional logics can sometimes offer opportunities for agency to enterprising actors in organizational fields. But macro- and micro-level studies using this framework diverge in their approach to understanding the consequences of institutional complexity for actor autonomy, and correspondingly in the opportunities they identify for agents to resist, reinterpret or make judicious use of institutional prescriptions. This paper seeks to bridge this gap, through a longitudinal, comparative case study of the trajectories of four ostensibly similar change initiatives in the same complex organizational field. It studies the influence of three dominant institutional logics (professional, market and corporate) in these divergent trajectories, elucidating the role of mediating influences, operating below the level of the field but above that of the actor, that worked to constrain or facilitate agency. The consequence for actors was a divergent realization of the relationship between the three logics, with very different consequences for their ability to advance their interests. Our findings offer an improved understanding of when and how institutional complexity facilitates autonomy, and suggests mediating influences at the level of the organization and the relationship it instantiates between carriers of logics, neglected by macro- and micro-level studies, that merit further attention.

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