Contrasting trends in gender and childcare in Argentina: Family policies between LGBT rights and maternalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628
Author(s):  
Eleonor Faur
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Family Dynamic ◽  
Related Family ◽  
New Family ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Gender

This article analyses the stark contrast between the revolutionary shift in LGBT rights and the maternalistic shadow still cast over childcare-related family policies in Argentina. It analyses family law and recent developments in the recognition of women and the LGBT population as equal rights holders in the realm of the family. Then it examines family policies aimed at working parents with childcare responsibilities, exploring whether or not the enactment of the Egalitarian Marriage Act shifted the consideration of working mothers and fathers’ rights and obligations regarding childcare. Finally, it discusses the challenges in implementing policies that can disentangle the gender and social inequalities embedded in them. The author argues that different logics are found in different family regulations. Family laws introduced gender neutral language and equal parental responsibilities, but family policies still distinguish rights and responsibilities according to gender even after the postpartum period. These not only misrecognize the LGBT population, but they also reaffirm maternalistic assumptions that do not reflect the new family dynamic and recent legal advances. In addition, in the most unequal region of the world, reinforce a system of socioeconomic and gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Underpinnings of entangled ethnical and gender inequalities in obesity in Cochabamba-Bolivia: an intersectional approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yercin Mamani Ortiz ◽  
Per E. Gustafsson ◽  
Miguel San Sebastián Chasco ◽  
Ada Ximena Armaza Céspedes ◽  
Jenny Marcela Luizaga López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Social inequalities in obesity have been observed not only by gender but also between ethnic groups. Evidence on combined dimensions of inequality in health, and specifically including indigenous populations, is however scarce, and presents a particularly daunting challenge for successful prevention and control of obesity in Bolivia, as well as worldwide. Objective The aims of this study were i) to examine intersectional inequalities in obesity and ii) to identify the factors underlying the observed intersectional inequalities. Methods An intersectional approach study was employed, using the information collected in a cross-sectional community-based survey. The sample consisted of youth and adults with permanent residence in Cochabamba department (N = 5758), selected through a multistage sampling technique. An adapted version of the WHO-STEPS survey was used to collect information about Abdominal obesity and risk factors associated. Four intersectional positions were constructed from gender (woman vs. men) and ethnic group (indigenous vs. mestizo). Joint and excess intersectional disparities in obesity were estimated as absolute prevalence differences between binary groups, using binomial regression models. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was applied to estimate the contributions of explanatory factors underlying the observed intersectional disparities, using Oaxaca command in Stata software v15.1. Results The prevalence of abdominal obesity had a higher prevalence in mestizos (men 35.01% and women 30.71%) as compared to indigenous (men 25.38% and women 27.75%). The joint disparity was estimated at 7.26 percentage points higher prevalence in the doubly advantaged mestizo men than in the doubly disadvantaged indigenous women. The gender referent disparity showed that mestizo-women had a higher prevalence than indigenous-women. The ethnic referent disparity showed that mestizo-men had a higher prevalence than indigenous men. The behavioural risk factors were the most important to explain the observed inequalities, while differences in socioeconomic and demographic factors played a less important role. Conclusion Our study illustrates that abdominal obesity is not distributed according to expected patterns of structural disadvantage in the intersectional space of ethnicity and gender in Bolivia. In the Cochabamba case, a high social advantage was related to higher rates of abdominal obesity, as well as the behavioural risk factors associated with them.

Gender inequalities in the new world of work

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piasna ◽  
Jan Drahokoupil
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Policy Challenge ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Forms Of Work

Digitalisation, automation and technological change have brought about shifts in the occupational structure, the place and the timing of work, and career patterns, putting a further strain on the standard employment relationship. In the recent research on digitalisation, scant attention has however been paid to the gender impact of these changes. This article addresses this gap by developing a gender perspective on digitalisation, considering how these developments interact with existing social inequalities and gender segregation patterns in the labour market. We identify two broad areas in which digitalisation has thus far had a pronounced effect on employment: the structure of employment (including occupational change and the task content of jobs) and forms of work (including employment relationships and work organisation). We find that, despite the profound changes in the labour market, traditional gender inequalities continue to reassert themselves on many dimensions. With standard employment declining in significance, the policy challenge is to include new forms of work in effective labour protection frameworks that promote equal access of women and men to quality jobs and their equal treatment at work.

Age–period–cohort effects on inequalities in psychological distress, 1981–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA SACKER ◽  
RICHARD D. WIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Background. In the closing decades of the twentieth century, changes in population sociodemographics took place that might be thought to have an adverse influence on the nation's psychological distress. Here, we examine the stability of social and gender inequalities in psychological distress throughout the 1980s and 1990s.Methods. The study uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study collected when the cohort members were aged between 23 and 42. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of social class, gender, age, period and cohort on psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory.Results. We identify clear social inequalities in psychological distress during 1981–2000 that reduced in magnitude over this period. Non-linear age effects were observed: psychological distress improves in early adulthood but declines again on approaching mid-life. The 1970 cohort had poorer psychological distress than the 1958 cohort. Although women had higher rates of psychological distress than men, gender differences reduced in magnitude. Declining rates of women's psychological distress over time have not been matched in men. A reduction in social inequalities over time was also observed. Improvements in the psychological health of those in manual occupations were not equalled among those in non-manual occupations.Conclusions. Both social and gender inequalities have narrowed in the last two decades of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Free to Serve? Emergency Food and Volunteer Labor in the Urban U.S.

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Volunteer Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Volunteer Labor ◽  
And Gender

Since the 1980s, cutbacks to welfare programs, widespread economic insecurity, and increased federal funding for nonprofit agencies have led to a massive expansion of emergency food providers (EFPs) such as soup kitchens and food pantries across the United States. These anti-hunger organizations are often staffed exclusively or predominantly by volunteers who are empowered to care for their communities. But, like all caring labor, volunteer work is shaped by race, class, and gender inequalities. Hunger and poverty motivate poor women to become volunteers, and contradictions around how this labor should be remunerated, recognized, and regulated create conflicts within EFPs. By mobilizing large numbers of poor, hungry people as volunteers to distribute surplus food, emergency food providers transform both wasted food and people who are typically considered “burdens” on the state into an important new form of free labor for a struggling economy in ways that deepen existing social inequalities.

scholarly journals Contemporary Research on Gender and Media: It’s All Political

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sofie Van Bauwel ◽  
Tonny Krijnen
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research ◽  
Gender And Media

Recent global social changes and phenomena like #MeToo and Time’s Up Movement, the visibility of feminism in popular media (e.g., Beyonce or the TV series <em>Orange is the New Black</em>), the increase of datafication and fake news have not only put pressure on the media and entertainment industry and the content produced, but also generated critique, change and questions in the public debate on gender in general and (the backlash on) gender studies around the world. But are these phenomena also game changers for research on media and gender? In this thematic issue we want to provide insight in recent developments and trends in research on gender and media. What are the dominant ideas and debates in this research field and how do they deal with all of the changes in the media scape (e.g., platformization, the dominance of algorithms and datafication, slacktivism, and gender inequalities in media production). Moreover, how do current debates, theoretical insights and methods communicate with those in the past? The research field has changed rapidly over the last 10 years with repercussions on the conceptualisation of gender, its intersections with other identities markers (e.g., age, ethnicity, class, disabilities, sexualities, etc.), and media audiences’ responses to these developments. We welcome contributions within the scope of gender and media and which are topical in the way they introduce new concepts, theoretical insights, new methods or new research subjects.

scholarly journals Gender and Educational Inequalities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Insights from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12403
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Krywult-Albańska ◽  
Łukasz Albański
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Educational Structures ◽  
And Gender

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has had a profound impact on many spheres of social life across the world. One of them has been the deepening of social inequalities and the aggravating of discrimination based on gender. Emerging studies in the field of education and occupation systems point to the fact that women seem to have been particularly affected, along with layoffs in those sectors of the economy where female staffs prevail. Additionally, in many countries, the burden of combining professional careers and supporting the education of young children falls disproportionately on mothers. These transformations pose a challenge to meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, wherein gender equality is an important factor. This article uses official statistical data to examine gender and educational structures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, set against the backdrop of other European nations and analyzed in the context of sustainability. Have educational and gender inequalities been exacerbated as data from other countries suggest? In order to answer this question, the article traces changes in the education system in Poland and their implications for gender structures. The latter have also been affected by transformations on the labor market in various sectors of the economy, therefore, the second part of the analysis focuses on the labor market changes during the pandemic. The final section offers conclusions on the implications of the pandemic for the studied issues. Throughout the article, we apply the principles of unobtrusive research. Following the theoretical framework outlined in the first part of the paper, we carry out a descriptive analysis of existing statistical data collected by the Eurostat. These official statistics are supplemented by an overview of public opinion polls to allow for perspectives on structural changes, as they are perceived by those affected by them.

Feminist Perspective in Shashi Deshpande's “That Long Silence”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahashan ◽  
Dr. Sapna Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Key Aspects

Man has always tried  to determine  and tamper the image of woman and especially her identity is manipulated and orchestrated. Whenever a woman is spoken of, it is always in the relation to man; she is presented as a wife , mother, daughter and even as a lover but never as a woman  a human being- a separate entity. Her entire life is idealized and her fundamental rights and especially her behaviour is engineered by the adherents of patriarchal society. Commenting  on the Man-woman relationship in a marital bond Simone de Beauvoir wrote in her epoch-making book entitled The Second Sex(1949): "It has been said that marriage diminishes man,  which is often true , but almost always it annihilates women". Feminist movement advocates the equal rights and equal opportunities for women. The true spirit of feminism is into look at women and men as human beings. There should not be gender bias or discrimination in familial and social life. To secure gender justice and gender equity is the key aspects of feminist movement. In India, women writers have come forward to voice their feminist approach to life and the patriarchal family set up. They believe that the very notion of gender is not only biotic and biologic episode but it has a social construction.

Dispossession without Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Levien
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Land Dispossession ◽  
Extended Case Method ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender

Since the mid-2000s, India has been beset by widespread farmer protests against “land grabs.” Dispossession without Development argues that beneath these conflicts lay a profound transformation in the political economy of land dispossession. While the Indian state dispossessed land for public-sector industry and infrastructure for much of the 20th century, the adoption of neoliberal economic policies since the early 1990s prompted India’s state governments to become land brokers for private real estate capital—most controversially, for Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Using long-term ethnographic research, the book demonstrates the consequences of this new regime of dispossession for a village in Rajasthan. Taking us into the diverse lives of villagers dispossessed for one of North India’s largest SEZs, it shows how the SEZ destroyed their agricultural livelihoods, marginalized their labor, and excluded them from “world-class” infrastructure—but absorbed them into a dramatic real estate boom. Real estate speculation generated a class of rural neo-rentiers, but excluded many and compounded pre-existing class, caste, and gender inequalities. While the SEZ disappointed most villagers’ expectations of “development,” land speculation fractured the village and disabled collective action. The case of “Rajpura” helps to illuminate the exclusionary trajectory of capitalism that underlay land conflicts in contemporary India—and explain why the Indian state is struggling to pacify farmers with real estate payouts. Using the extended case method, Dispossession without Development advances a sociological theory of dispossession that has relevance beyond India.

scholarly journals Publications about Women, Science, and Engineering: Use of Sex and Gender in Titles over a Forty-six-year Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 016224392110276
Author(s):  
Mary Frank Fox ◽  
Diana Roldan Rueda ◽  
Gerhard Sonnert ◽  
Amanda Nabors ◽  
Sarah Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Critical Case ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Analytical Issue ◽  
Key Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Science Policies

This article focuses on key features of the use of sex and gender in titles of articles about women, science, and engineering over an important forty-six-year period (1965–2010). The focus is theoretically and empirically consequential. Theoretically, the paper addresses science as a critical case that connects femininity/masculinity to social stratification; and the use of sex and gender as an enduring, analytical issue that reveals perspectives on hierarchies of femininity/masculinity. Empirically, this article identifies the emergence, development, and stabilization of published articles about women, science, and engineering that use sex and gender in their titles. The distinctive method involves search, retrieval, and review of 23,430 articles, using intercoder reliabilities for inclusion/exclusion. This results in a uniquely specified and comprehensive set of articles on our subject and the identification of titles with sex and gender. Findings point to (1) the growth of gender titles, (2) their increase in every field, (3) differing concentrations of sex and gender titles in journals, (4) a span of telling topic areas, and (5) higher citation rates of gender, compared to sex, titles. Broader implications appear in reasons for the growth of gender titles, meanings of topic areas that occur, insights into social inequalities and science policies, and emerging complexities of nonbinary categories of sex/gender.

Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
And Gender

This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

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