Banking in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Udayan Kumar Basu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Direct Lending ◽  
High Level

Commercial banks play a very important role in the economy of any country. They constitute the most useful intermediary in the financial markets, who have a vital role in ensuring the efficacy of all monetary and fiscal measures. Their continued good health and sustained viability are therefore of immense significance for any economy. Measures to ensure their well-being are of paramount importance in order to maintain a high level of investor confidence. In India, financial liberalization has opened up new vistas for the commercial banks and they can now operate as universal banks offering, under one roof, all kinds of financial services including project financing and leasing. Besides, banks are allowed to go in for investment in securities also. However, the guidelines for direct lending have not been touched so far. Consequently, there are restrictions on the ways in which banks in India can deploy their available resources. In this article, an analysis has been carried out to show how such structural restrictions translate into what is often termed as interest rate rigidities for banks. How the loan losses impact on their interest spread as well as the urgent need to improve the framework for recovery of banks' NPAs has also been gone into. Moreover, the scope for moral hazards in banks, which are limited liability entities, has been explored and need for efficient risk management as well as effective risk-based supervision for ensuring their sustained viability has been analyzed and commented upon. A cut-off risk for bankable projects has also been worked out. The findings are interesting because the analysis takes into account the real life constraints faced by the banking sector and the results reflect the realities of this sector.

Achieving Financial Inclusion for Persons With Disabilities: Exploring Preparedness and Accessibility of Financial Services for Persons With Disabilities in Malawi

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110275
Author(s):  
Alex Nester Jiya ◽  
Maxwell Peprah Opoku ◽  
William Nketsia ◽  
Joslin Alexei Dogbe ◽  
Josephine Nkrumah Adusei
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

Deplorable living conditions among persons with disabilities and the need to improve their living conditions cannot be overemphasized. This has triggered international discussion on the need for deliberate social policies to bridge the poverty gap between persons with and without disabilities. In Malawi, expansion of financial services has been identified as an essential tool to accelerate economic and inclusive development. However, empirical studies are yet to explore the preparedness of financial institutions to extend their services to persons with disabilities. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from commercial banks in Malawi to understand their perspectives on extending financial services to persons with disabilities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a descriptive thematic analysis was performed. Although participants reiterated the need to provide persons with disabilities with financial services to improve their well-being, few initiatives have been undertaken to improve their participation. Particularly, participants stated that barriers, such as a lack of financial literacy and adaptive technologies, communication barriers, and high rates of unemployment, explained the reluctance of commercial banks to extend financial services to persons with disabilities. The limitations, recommendations for future research, and implications of the study for policymaking have been highlighted.

Removing NOx Pollution by Photocatalytic Building Materials in Real-Life: Evaluation of Existing Field Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille D. Pedersen ◽  
Nina Lock ◽  
Henrik Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

: The NOx gasses (NO and NO2) are among the most important air pollutants, due to the toxicity of NO2, as well as the role of NOx in the tropospheric oxidation of Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), contributing to the formation of other hazardous air pollutants. Air pollution is one of the biggest health threats world-wide, hence reducing NOx levels is an important objective of the UN sustainable development goals, e.g. #3, “Good health and well-being” and #11 “Sustainable cities and communities”. Photocatalysis using TiO2 and light is a promising technique for removing NOx along with other pollutants, as demonstrated on laboratory scale. Furthermore, a long range of real-life test studies of varying scales have been conducted during the past two decades. The results of these studies have been conflicting, with some studies reporting no effect on the ambient air quality and others reporting significant reductions of NOx level. However, the studies are very difficult to compare and assess due to the very different approaches used, which consequently vary in quality. In this review, we aim to develop a set of objective evaluation criteria to assess the quality of the individual studies in order to simplify the interpretation and comparison of the existing studies. Moreover, we propose some guidelines for future test-studies. Furthermore, the approaches and main conclusions from 23 studies are independently assessed and discussed herein.

scholarly journals Confiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de trastornos de sueño BEARS en niños y adolescentes escolares de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL (Reliability and Validity of the BEARS Sleep Disorder Questionnaire in Children and Adolescent Students fr

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Libardo Huertas-Zamora ◽  
Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista ◽  
Edgar Giovanni Cárdenas-Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Students

El sueño juega un papel fundamental en muchas esferas del desarrollo de los infantes en etapa escolar. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la confiabilidad y validez de contenido del cuestionario BEARS en niños y adolescentes de 9 a 17 años. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8.862 niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a 24 instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá, Colombia. Se aplicó el cuestionario BEARS, de manera auto-diligenciada por formulario estructurado. Una sub-muestra de 246 participantes se utilizó para los análisis de fiabilidad. La consistencia del instrumento se analizó mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, la validez de constructo a través del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), y la fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente Kappa ponderado. Los resultados mostraron adecuada consistencia (Cronbach global de 0,732; rango 0,706 a 0,769) y moderada fiabilidad (kappa de 0,665; rango 0,378 a 0,629). El AFE determinó un solo factor (ítem 1: problemas a la hora de dormir), explicaba el 61,4% de la varianza, agrupando dos interacciones χ2/gl=2690,817; p=0,001. El cuestionario BEARS mostró una adecuada consistencia interna, fiabilidad y validez. A partir de estos resultados, se recomienda este instrumento principalmente en el contexto de atención primaria, para el estudio y cribado de las alteraciones del sueño en población escolarizada de Bogotá, Colombia.Abstract. Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being in school-age children. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and content validity of the BEARS questionnaire in children and adolescents from 9 to 17 years of age. The sample comprised 8,862 children and adolescents belonging to 24 official education institutions from Bogotá, Colombia. The BEARS questionnaire was applied through self-completion manner, with a structured form. A sub-sample of 246 participants was used for reliability analyses. Consistency of the instrument was analyzed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability through the weighted Kappa coefficient. Results showed adequate consistency (global Cronbach of 0.732; range 0.706 to 0.769) and moderate reliability (Kappa of 0.665; range 0.706 to 0.769). The EFA determined a single factor (item 1: problems when going to sleep), which explained 61.4% of the variance, grouping two interactions χ2/gl = 2690.817; p = 0.001. The BEARS questionnaire showed adequate internal consistency, reliability, and validity. From these results, this instrument is recommended principally within the context of primary care for the study and screening of sleep alterations in school-aged populations from Bogotá, Colombia.

scholarly journals Inferring Emotion Tags from Object Images Using Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5333
Author(s):  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ehatisham-ul-Haq ◽  
Abdul Hannan ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Behavior Analysis

Emotions are a fundamental part of human behavior and can be stimulated in numerous ways. In real-life, we come across different types of objects such as cake, crab, television, trees, etc., in our routine life, which may excite certain emotions. Likewise, object images that we see and share on different platforms are also capable of expressing or inducing human emotions. Inferring emotion tags from these object images has great significance as it can play a vital role in recommendation systems, image retrieval, human behavior analysis and, advertisement applications. The existing schemes for emotion tag perception are based on the visual features, like color and texture of an image, which are poorly affected by lightning conditions. The main objective of our proposed study is to address this problem by introducing a novel idea of inferring emotion tags from the images based on object-related features. In this aspect, we first created an emotion-tagged dataset from the publicly available object detection dataset (i.e., “Caltech-256”) using subject evaluation from 212 users. Next, we used a convolutional neural network-based model to automatically extract the high-level features from object images for recognizing nine (09) emotion categories, such as amusement, awe, anger, boredom, contentment, disgust, excitement, fear, and sadness. Experimental results on our emotion-tagged dataset endorse the success of our proposed idea in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Overall, the proposed scheme achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 85% and 79% using top-level and bottom-level emotion tagging, respectively. We also performed a gender-based analysis for inferring emotion tags and observed that male and female subjects have discernment in emotions perception concerning different object categories.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and private commercial banks: the good, bad and ugly

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Rahman ◽  
Md. Joynal Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

Purpose This study aims to assess how new and emerging technologies can contribute to achieving the financial goals of the private commercial banking sector in Bangladesh. It considers the perception among the top management about the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and further measures the readiness of private commercial banks (PCBs) to become resilient. Design/methodology/approach This study attempts to measure the perception and readiness of the commercial banking sector because of the 4IR based on the stratified sampling method. The research is qualitative and selected PCBs listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange. 4IR in the context of the banking sector in Bangladesh is a problem that has not been studied more clearly, intended to establish priorities, develop operational definitions and improve the final research design. Findings This research has identified a significant gap of study in the preparedness among the private commercial banking sector in Bangladesh to confront the 4IR while indicating the most significant risks and managerial insights. The findings show technologies will dramatically change the nature of work. Traditional system of banking from the branch will be shifting into banking from everywhere. Hence, digital products and services will foster value-driven business. The result of the study also states the readiness of the banking sector is in the preliminary stage and endorses some of the coping approaches. Research limitations/implications Different schools of thought regarding the role of the 4IR and its future consequences have been observed. The corporate sector in Bangladesh has an inclusive lack of understanding regarding the 4IR. Practical implications The insights may provide directions to banking financial institutions of Bangladesh to thrive during the 4IR. This study is intended to assist policymakers, decision-makers and employees of PCBs to increase awareness and preparedness for future challenges that may appear from the 4IR where the 41 competitive PCBs play vital role in turning the fast emerging Bangladesh economy. Originality/value The contribution of this paper associates with academics and bankers to increase understanding of coping in the context of the escalating use of emerging technology-driven banking services within the PCBs in Bangladesh by determining perception and testing different forms of readiness including a variety of important outcomes such as risks.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Bank's Health Level and Its Effects on the Profitability of Sharia General Banks Listed in Indonesia's Financial Services Authority Period 2015-2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Wieta Chairunesia
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: To analyze the level of health of sharia general banks in Indonesia and their effects on profitability. Study Design: The research method used is quantitative descriptive research. Place and Duration of Study: The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study was conducted a Sharia General Bank registered in the Indonesian Financial Services Authority with a research period of 2015-2018. Methodology: The analytical method used is the inferential statistical analysis test using SmartPLS Professional 3.0 analysis tools, namely with a descriptive test, and inferential statistical analysis. Results: Sharia Commercial Banks in the 2015-2018 period based on Non-Performing Finance (NPF) have a healthy predicate and have a negative significant effect on profitability. Based on the Fair to Healthy Ratio (FDR) predicate as Healthy, and no significant positive effect on profitability. Based on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) with a healthy predicate, and no significant positive effect on profitability. Based on Operating Efficiency Ratio (OER) with a healthy predicate, and a significant negative effect on profitability. Based on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) which is categorized as Very Healthy, and no significant positive effect on profitability. Conclusion: Generally, Islamic commercial banks are in good health. However, the achievement of this soundness level is carried out by always striving to comply with the provisions given by Bank Indonesia, not optimizing the available resources so that the bank remains in a healthy condition while meeting the criteria of Bank Indonesia.

scholarly journals Performance of Foreign Exchange Operation of Private Commercial Banks: A Case on Southeast Bank Limited

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Exchange Performance ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Exchange Operation

The banking sector is participating in many events on a daily basis. Conversely, the process of banking is become faster, simpler, and more universal all at the same time. They're constantly coming up with various ideas and products to meet customer demand. Banks and other financial services organizations all search for service improvement opportunities in order to gain a competitive advantage in the financial sector. As a result, every person has a banking procedure they should know about. In accordance with their goal, Southeast Bank Limited believes in building together towards tomorrow. To accomplish the goal of getting more customers, the bank demonstrates excellence in all stages while also fostering continual development. With this fast changing competitive climate, banks' strategic plans and networking will help them keep pace with the competition. The overall objective of this research had represented the foreign exchange performance of import, export and foreign remittance of Southeast Bank Limited. This paper examined about import, export and remittance performances have been analyzed and find out some problems relating to foreign exchange activities. Finally this research finished with some possible recommendation and concluding remark of the study.

scholarly journals University Teachers Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship with Workplace Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Bushra Naoreen ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Mohsin ◽  
Shamaiela Mehboob Ali Farooqi Ali Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Teaching Efficacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
High Level

The efficacious attitude of a person plays a vital role to develop psychological well-being, interpersonal and self-esteem. An individual with high level of self-efficacy is able to regulate and balance thoughts over actions. The basic purpose of the current study was to find out the relationship between self-efficacy and workplace stress of university teachers. A quantitative co-relational research design was followed to achieve the research objectives. 180 faculty members working in three different public sector universities in Pakistan were selected using multiphase sampling technique. Self-developed self-efficacy scale (based on two factors; general teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy) and workplace stress inventory were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed applying mean score, t-test and Pearson correlation. Findings of the study reveal indirect correlation between the level of teachers self-efficacy and their perceived stress at workplace. Few recommendations were made on the basis of the findings of this study.

scholarly journals Concentration and Competition in the Albanian Banking Sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleana Lici ◽  
Irena Boboli
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Banking System ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Albania has a relatively new financial system, where banking system is the most developed financial service in our country, with a share of 94, 4% of the total financial services. This is a phenomenon of countries with emerging economies, which proves that there is greater reliance on the state economic development of the banking sector, by effecting from the households to the biggest investors and the government. As in any market, competition is important for the banking sector because, it affects the efficiency and the quality of services offered. Furthermore, competition in banking has also implications for other sectors of the economy. So, higher competition in the banking sector is found to be associated with a faster growth of other sectors of the economy that rely on external financing. The main goal of this paper is to understand the characteristics of competition in our banking system and study the relationship between the level of concentration and competition. We are going to measure the concentration by the “H” indices. The “H” (Herfindaflit) indices is a measure of the level of the concentration of the banking system of a country. A high level of the indices shows a high level of concentration and as a consequence a low level of competition. A low level of the indices shows a low level of concentration which is sign of a banking market with a high competition.

scholarly journals Employee Retention in Nepalese Commercial Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Dhan Raj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Career Opportunity ◽  
High Level

Employee retention issues is the burning issues especially in the banking sector in Nepal. This study is designed to examine the factors on retention of employees in Nepalese commercial bank. Adopting descriptive cum analytical research design the study is based on 5 point likert scale questionnaire. 200 managers, assistant manager and officers level employees from three commercial bank operating at Kathmandu valley were selected on basis of stratified random sampling method. Training and Development, Career Opportunity and Work Lifer policies are taken as dependent and Employee retention as an Independent variable of the Study. The collected data were analyzed through correlation, regression and coefficient analysis to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The result showed a significant positive relationship between career opportunities, work life policy with employee retention. In addition this study replicates the high level of effect of work life policy and no significant relationship with training and development program in Nepalese commercial banks.

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