Measuring the Quality of Union Budgets: Need to Go beyond the Deficit Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Karamjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Composite Index ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Government ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Made In

In the run-up to Union Budget 2016–2017, a major difference of opinion emerged within the Union Government over adherence to fiscal consolidation vis-à-vis maintaining adequate expenditure allocation for essential services, such as health, education and infrastructure development ( Business Standard, 2016). As the budget document was unveiled, it was clear from the deficit targets met (and sought to be met in the future) that the government did not deviate from its commitments towards fiscal consolidation. These deficit targets, however, provide limited understanding of the overall ‘quality’ of expenditure and receipts of the government. In order to comprehend the overall picture and quantify this qualitative aspect, there is a need to go beyond the conventional measures of deficit. This article discusses the concept, meaning and usage of the various measures of deficits in order to, first, highlight their limitations in understanding the overall quality of budgets and, second, make a case for creation of a ‘composite index’ to reflect the broad quality and composition of budgets. A modest attempt has also been made in this article to evaluate the Union Budgets of the recent years on the basis of one such index developed by Bhide and Panda (2002). Results provide concrete evidence of a discernible improvement in the quality of budgets in the past few years.

The Relationship Between Government Popularity and Approval for the Government's Record in the United Kingdom

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hudson
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opinion Polls

The past decade has seen the growth of a considerable literature on the link between government popularity, as reflected by the proportion of the public indicating their intention to vote for the government in opinion polls, and the state of the economy, as represented by certain key variables. The work began in the early 1970s with articles by Goodhart and Bhansali, Mueller, and Kramer. It continued through the decade; some of the more recent contributions can be found in a set of readings edited by Hibbs and Fassbender. However, despite the amount and quality of this work, problems remain. Principal amongst these, as Chrystal and Alt have pointed out, is the inability to estimate a relationship which exhibits any degree of stability either over time or between researchers. Nearly all the studies have been successful in finding a significant relationship for specific time periods, but when these are extended, or when the function is used to forecast outside the original estimation period, the relationship appears to break down.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Indonesia’s State Budget against Central Government Debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (02) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Nugroho Suryo Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Made In

The growth of central government debt in Indonesia is the subject of endless discussion for both economists and experts in other fields. Although the government uses this debt in order to increase Indonesia's competence through infrastructure development, there are problems in the form of previous accumulated debts. This accumulative debt is known as the concept of “debt stock” which is assessed through Indonesia's fiscal resilience (APBN) to measure the repayment capacity of new debts that will be made in the future. This ability will be seen using long-term data from 1990 to 2016 which is reflected in the variables of central government debt, government spending and revenue so that it is known that Indonesia's central government debt can still be said to be sustainable and the Indonesian government should prioritize productive expenditures in order to increase government revenues.

scholarly journals Late Effects and Survivorship Issues in Patients with Neuroblastoma

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Friedman ◽  
Tara Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Late Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excess Morbidity ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Impaired Quality ◽  
Made In

Over the past two decades, marked progress has been made in understanding the biology of neuroblastoma; this has led to refined risk stratification and treatment modifications with resultant increasing 5-year survival rates for children with neuroblastoma. Survivors, however, remain at risk for a wide variety of potential treatment-related complications, or “late effects”, which may lead to excess morbidity and premature mortality in this cohort. This review summarizes the existing survivorship literature on long-term health outcomes for survivors of neuroblastoma, focusing specifically on potential injury to the endocrine, sensory, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems, as well as survivors’ treatment-related risk for subsequent neoplasms and impaired quality of life. Additional work is needed to assess the potential late effects of newer multimodality therapies with the aim of optimizing long-term medical and psychosocial outcomes for all survivors of neuroblastoma.

An Integrative Approach to the Assessment and Treatment of Inflammatory Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Liponis ◽  
Bettina Martin
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

The past two decades have seen great progress in recognizing the importance of inflammation in medicine. Increased focus on inflammation in both prevention and treatment has improved outcomes and quality of life in chronic diseases. Science has improved our understanding of inflammation’s many causes and effects on health, and many advances have been made in the availability of targeted therapeutic options for treating inflammation. This chapter gives an overview of recognizing the many causes of inflammation, its many targeted treatments strategies, and the questions that still surround it. It discusses several integrative approaches to reducing inflammation, including exercise, diet, and different strategies for managing sleep, mood, and stress, such as meditation and massage.

scholarly journals Abrupt Termination of Employee Contracts In a Democratic State: The Case of Botswana

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Baakile Motshegwa ◽  
Keratilwe Bodilenyane
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Disciplinary Procedures ◽  
The Government

Botswana has in the past received accolades of being the most peaceful country in Southern Africa. Any disturbance of this peace is either shunned or seen as a departure from the norm. The advent of trade unions in Botswana has always been looked at with suspicion and they have been seen as militant, which is contrary to the peaceful existence the country has enjoyed regardless of the fact that it is surrounded by countries that have been to war at some point in their history. Therefore, the state has made it a point that any sign of unrest is severely dealt with by the government. Some employees were dismissed un-procedurally as disciplinary procedures were not followed and the court ruled in the employee’s favour in 2012. The majority of those dismissed were from the essential services sections of government even though at the beginning some were released through the strike rules agreement between government and unions. Laid down disciplinary rules and procedures of having a hearing were not followed. 

scholarly journals Study on Microbiological Quality of Vender Chicken Livers in Jalalabad City

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammad Weqar
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Made In

Liver is chemically complex matrixes contain sufficient nutrients that support microbial growth. Microbial contamination of vending chicken livers could occur due to different possible reasons such as storing foods in cheap utensils, holding foods at a temperature that would permit bacterial growth, utilization of water of questionable hygienic quality, using packing materials that were not of food-grade quality, vending site that has no facilities for waste disposal and utilization of unclean utensils. In addition, street chicken livers vendors are unaware of the basic importance of personal cleanliness, thus their products are usually vulnerable to gross contamination by flies, insects, rodents, dust and other dirt. Vending chicken livers are often poor and uneducated and lack appreciation for safe food handling. Aim of the study is to determine microbiological quality of chicken livers in Jalalabad city.  A total of 24 samples of vender chicken livers   from 4 different shops had purchased from Jalalabad city Afghanistan. This step occurred earlier than the chilling period then Transfer Directly to the Microbiological laboratory of Veterinary Science faculty of Nangarhar University for Microbial culture and microscopic examination.   According to our study we have seen 6 (25%) samples positive for Salmonella and 24(100%) samples positive for Shigella. Studies made in Nangarhar pointed out that the important aspect of vending chicken livers is their safety and understanding the possible ways of contamination. The sanitary condition need to be improved.  The government must develop microbiological standards of fast food and urgently put them in practice.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА НА РИНКУ ПОСЛУГ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Даниїл В. Лапоног
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Partnership Development ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Government

The article seeks to provide insights into contemporary research in public-private partnership development in the road transport market. The study reviews a range of world public-private partnership best practices which demonstrate that effective interaction between government and business at different levels (national, subnational and regional) allows to attract and allocate investment resources more effectively, thus contributing to creating new jobs, promoting better infrastructure development and enhancing the overall quality of life in the country. It is argued that among the key factors boosting the public-private partnership market development the most significant is the level of institutionalization. It is also asserted that this factor, in combination with the relevant political environment and the capital market specifics, facilitates building successful partnerships. Moreover, government initiatives together with legal and regulatory interaction frameworks shape solid foundation to encourage further public-private partnership development by gaining positive effects from successful implementation of such partnerships, designing roadmaps and unified standard procedures and processes aimed at simplifying the relationships between the private sector and the government. Apart from the above, it is highlighted that the institutional factor aligned with the government strategic goals affects the formation and legitimation of public-private partnership markets. The study also provides argument that through the models of public-private partnerships the public sector can benefit, in the first place by utilizing resources of private companies, thus fostering further infrastructure development and raising the effectiveness and efficiency of road transport services market. The findings reveal that the purpose of public-private partnership programs institutionalization in the sector of road transport services is to enhance government motivation to attract private investment and offer new road network services based on public-private partnership contracts which will contribute to ensure the quality of road services.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the role of engineering and infrastructure in national development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-611
Author(s):  
Agha Kalu Agwu ◽  
Anikwe Nnaemeka J ◽  
Ogbonna Ndubuisi J
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Construction Services ◽  
Made In

The clamour for engineering and infrastructure in national development in all spheres of development is more in the developed nations but the responsibility is no less for the developing economies/nations. A lot of effort has been made in sustaining engineering and infrastructural development in Nigeria; still there are more deficiencies in the formalization. Therefore this paper contributes to effort of formalizing the role it play in the national development. The sources of data were mainly on secondary source which rely on much of literature review and the analysis was analytical. The finding reveals the role of engineering and infrastructure in national development and its sustainability. It also state that institution should be established to set a clear plans and rule for service provision, regulate and monitor service quality, coordinate engineering and infrastructural project efficiently and equitably in maintenance of the existing infrastructure. The paper concludes that the government is encouraged to show more commitment to engineering and infrastructure development than ever. It also states that good quality engineering and infrastructure is necessary to avoid bottlenecks and services disruption and to support a range of importance activities in the economy. It was recommended that government should ensure that the standard and policies relating to infrastructural development are addressed and handled holistically. And that effective evaluation of contracts, consulting and construction services of the required professionals should be put in place for proper implementation.

scholarly journals Utilization of public open space in Kampung Deret Petogogan Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Friska Hasibuan ◽  
Fermanto Lianto ◽  
Samsu Hendra Siwi ◽  
Martinus Bambang Susetyarto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Work Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Currently, the existence of Kampung Deret Petogogan is due to the Jakarta government's work program, especially in the field of alleviating slum areas. In the past, this region was a slum area and it was the government's vision to transform it. Since 2013, it has been in a neat condition, not only for its occupancy, and also for its infrastructure in the open areas, which consist of parks and neighborhood roads. This research aims to determine the quality of public open spaces, such as parks and neighborhood roads for the residents. This study adopted descriptive qualitative methods, expected to benefit the government for the development of open spaces, and the community maintenance and utilization. The results showed that the democratic and beneficial aspects of the society, and the elements of quality public open spaces were achieved. Also, the productivity of open space utilization was very large. The element of responsiveness to physical and non-physical existence, and the need for infrastructure in an open space needs to be improved by maximizing its quality.

Review of the Electrolarynx: The Past and Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speech Rehabilitation ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
Made In ◽  
Voice And Speech

Purpose The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the neck-type electrolarynx, describe acoustic and perceptual characteristics of electrolaryngeal speech, and highlight the potential impact of electrolaryngeal speech on voice-related quality of life postlaryngectomy, concluding by describing efforts to improve electrolaryngeal speech rehabilitation. Although several alaryngeal communication options exist, the electrolarynx is the most readily available means of producing voice and speech postlaryngectomy. This is due to the small and handheld nature of an electrolaryngeal device, which is commonly placed against the neck during use. Research suggests that approximately half of laryngectomees use an electrolarynx up to 2 years postlaryngectomy. Conclusion Given the importance of the electrolarynx postlaryngectomy, decisions should be made in conjunction with the laryngectomee. It is important to ask: Why not an electrolarynx?

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