Do Union Organizers Matter? Individual Differences, Campaign Practices, and Representation Election Outcomes

ILR Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Representation Election ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Union Representation ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Although many studies have investigated the determinants of union representation election outcomes, none has examined union organizers' influence on those outcomes. Based on a literature review and interviews with the directors of organizing of eight unions, the author of this study hypothesizes that certain personal characteristics of organizers are associated with success in organizing campaigns. An analysis of survey questionnaires completed by 64 organizers supports the general hypothesis that some personal and demographic characteristics of organizers affect both the percentage of pro-union votes and election outcomes.

Just Like Leaves in the Wind? Exploring the Effect of the Interplay of Media Coverage and Personal Characteristics on Issue Salience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha Kratz ◽  
Harald Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the effect of the interplay of personal characteristics and news coverage on issue salience during the 2009 to 2015 period and during the election campaign in 2013. We selected four topics that played a considerable role during this period: the labor market, pensions and healthcare, immigration, and the financial crisis. The evidence from pooled cross-sectional data and panel data supports the notion that news coverage affects citizens’ issue salience. For obtrusive issues, news coverage does not play as large a role as for rather remote topics like the financial crisis and immigration. The results also lend credence to the idea that political predilections and other individual differences are related to issue salience and constrain the impact of news coverage on voters’ issue salience. However, the evidence for the interplay of individual differences and media coverage proved mild at best.

scholarly journals Knowledge levels of senıor nursing students about epilepsyHemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin epilepsi hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Sert ◽  
Serap Çetinkaya ◽  
Ahmet Seven ◽  
Meryem Pelin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Senior Students

Aim: This study was conducted to determine knowledge levels and the factors affecting of  senior nursing students about epilepsy.Method: The study was conducted descriptively and cross-sectional between 17-27 January 2017 with 168 nursing senior students who agreed to participate in the study. The data was collected on social media with questionnaire which was composed of the literature review by the researchers. 15 of the questions were about socio-demographic characteristics and 20 of questions were about epilepsy. Analysing of data were carried out in a computer program by using percentage, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis-H test.Results: It was determined that mean score of the students' knowledge level about epilepsy is 81,10±7,27. There was a statistically significant relationship between where they got the information about epilepsy, care a patient previously had a seizure and mean scores of epilepsy knowledge level (p<0,05). It was determined that students ,who got information about epilepsy from the health personnel and those who care a patient previously had a seizure, had high mean scores.Conclusion: In the study, ıt was determined that nursing senior students’ knowledge level about the epilepsy is high; where they got the information about epilepsy, care a patient previously had a seizure affects epilepsy knowledge.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin epilepsi hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 17-27 Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 168 hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencisiyle tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yapıldı. Çalışmanın verileri sosyal medya aracılığı ile toplandı. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak oluşturulan, 15’i sosyo-demogrofik özellikleri, 20’si epilepsi hakkında bilgi durumlarını ölçmeye yönelik sorudan oluşan soru formu kullanıldı. Veriler; bilgisayar ortamında, yüzdelik, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis-H testleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Öğrencilerin epilepsi bilgi düzeyleri toplam puan ortalamalarının 81,10±7,27 olduğu belirlendi. Öğrencilerin epilepsi hakkında bilgiyi nereden aldığı ve daha önce nöbet geçiren hastaya bakma durumları ile epilepsi bilgi düzeyi toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmada hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencilerinin epilepsi hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu; epilepsi hakkında bilgiyi nereden aldığı ve daha önce nöbet geçiren hastaya bakım vermenin epilepsi bilgi durumunu etkilediği belirlendi.

scholarly journals Toma de decisiones preinteractivas de profesores de educación física (Planning Decisions of Physical Education Teachers)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Maurice Piéron ◽  
Marc Cloes
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Men Teachers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Instructional Situations

Cuarenta y seis profesores participaron en el estudio. Entre ellos, 27 teniendo una experiencia de enseñanza de más de cinco años (12mujeres y 15 hombres) y 19 principiantes (12 mujeres y 7 hombres). Contestaron a cinco escenarios en el marco de una entrevista  requerían de decisiones a medio plazo.. Se recogieron y analizaron 434 propuestas de acción dado que una respuesta podía tener muchas propuestas diferentes. Las acciones propuestas fueron analizadas desde registros audio de las entrevistas con profesores. Fueron clasificadas de una manera inductiva. Las opiniones de los profesores con experiencia, hombres y mujeres, son más diversas que aquéllas de sus colegas principiantes, como lo atestigua el gran número de categorías diferentes. Cuatro categorías de decisiones tratan del contenido de la enseñanza: «adaptación de los ejercicios al alumno», «creación de grupos de niveles», «gradación de la dificultad», «misma actividad para todos.» Los profesores interrogados disponen inmediatamente de estrategias disponibles para tratar las diferencias individuales de los alumnos. Según sus características personales, los profesores sugieren preferentemente intervenciones específicas.Abstract: Forty-six PE teachers participated in the study. Among them, 27 had an experience of more than five years in teaching (12 women and15 men) and 19 beginning teachers (12 women and 7 men). Teachers were presented five scenarios of instructional situations. They were asked to readeach scenario and write a response detailing how they would react if the situation occurred during their teaching. Four hundred thirty-four proposalsof actions were gathered and analysed since an answer could have many different proposals. The actions proposed were analysed from audiotapes ofteachers’ interviews. They were classified according to an inductive technique. The opinions of experienced teachers, men and women, differed thanthose of their beginning colleagues, as indicated by the number and content of categories. Four categories of decisions dealt with the content ofeducation: «adaptation of the exercises to the student», «creation of levels groups», «gradation of the difficulty», and «same activity for all.» Theteachers had strategies immediately available to deal with the students’ individual differences. According to their personal characteristics, experiencedteachers displayed a greater variety of application of sound principles of teaching.

Email Overload

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Terra
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Email Overload ◽  
Organizational Problem ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Technological Options

In this chapter email overload is presented as a component of information overload and some of its causes and consequences are identified. Furthermore, an analysis on the skills required to deal with information overload is made. Then, a critical literature review about the concept of email overload is realized, stressing aspects such as the amount of messages, personal characteristics and skills or technological issues. Solutions for this organizational problem are presented based on relevant case studies from the literature review. Key components to consider in email overload management are also identified, including information management techniques and technological options, training, time management and information behavior (individual and organizational).

Who Blogs in 2010?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley M. Okdie ◽  
Rosanna E. Guadagno ◽  
Daniel M. Rempala ◽  
Cassie A. Eno
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Interaction ◽  
True Self ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Multiple Personality ◽  
Technological Advances

Research suggests gender and personality differences are predictive of general Internet use. Specifically, people high in openness and women high in neuroticism are more likely to keep a blog. Given the rapidity of change owing to technological advances, the authors sought to re-examine the validity of these findings in an era where other forms of online interaction are prevalent. Specifically, the authors sought to replicate and expand on these findings and to examine other individual difference factors that may predict who is likely to maintain a blog. Participants filled out multiple personality measures, demographic characteristics, and reported on their blogging behavior (e.g., writing blog entries and reading blogs). Results replicated the prior research, indicating that openness predicted blogging to a greater degree than any other personality trait. Moreover, results also revealed that individuals high in self-consciousness and those who saw more of their “true self” on the Internet were more likely to blog. These findings suggest that in addition to openness, individual differences, such as self-focus and personality, predict who is likely to blog.

Individual Differences in the Enjoyment of Negative Emotion in Music: A Literature Review and Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Garrido ◽  
Emery Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Fantasy Proneness ◽  
Emotions In Music

Why do People Seek out Music that Makes Them cry? This paradox is a complex one that appears to have no single answer. Rather, numerous factors appear to be interacting in the diverse responses of individuals to music. The present study tested the hypothesis that individual differences in dissociation, absorption, fantasy proneness, empathy, and rumination would be related to the enjoyment of negative emotion in music. Fifty-nine participants completed a survey pertaining to this question. Results revealed statistically significant positive relationships between enjoyment of evoked negative emotion in response to music with both absorption and the recently reported construct of 'music empathy,' Factor analysis and a regression model confirmed these results, and the approach suggests that further study of individual differences will continue to provide new insights into some of the subtleties of the enjoyment of negative emotions in music.

scholarly journals A Test of Resilience Theory in the Context of a Global Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C Willroth ◽  
Angela Moriah Smith ◽  
Dan Mroczek ◽  
Eileen Kranz Graham ◽  
amanda shallcross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Resilient Response

Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies conducted in diverse U.S. samples (total N =1,147), we examined overall emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on emotional well-being. Negative emotions decreased across six months, with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of resilience. Individuals also differed substantially around these normative emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stress exposure. We discuss three theoretical implications of the present investigation: (1) The extent to which resilience is normative depends on the outcome and the context. (2) Individual differences in resilience are large and complex, suggesting that broad claims that resilience is “ubiquitous” or “rare” may not be useful. (3) Resilience is multiply-determined and embedded within societal contexts that influence who experiences stress as well as who has access to resources to respond to stress.

scholarly journals PERSONAL TRAITS OF YOUNG MEN WITH SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR AND WITH SUBCLINICAL DEPRESSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 454-465
Author(s):  
Svetlana O. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
Marina V. Takmakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Subclinical Depression ◽  
Inherent Worth

The article presents the results of empirical research studying the personal characteristics of young men with self-injurious behavior and subclinical depression. Relevance of this topic is conditioned by the frequency of self-injurious behavior. A general hypothesis of the study was the statement that there are significant differences in the intensity of personality traits in young men with subclinical depression who have a history of self-injurious behavior as opposed to young men with subclinical depression but without self-injurious behavior, and also opposed to the test audience without the symptoms of depression and self-harm. The survey sample consisted of 169 young men aged from 18 to 22 years (average age — 19.2). We applied the methods of testing, polling, subjective scaling, statistical analysis. In the group with subclinical depression and self-harm were noted low self-esteem, high levels of situational anxiety, personal anxiety, proneness to conflict, neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness, irritability, and emotional lability. Young men from this group demonstrated lower rates of inherent worth, self-acceptance, self-attachment, mirror self, and sociability than those with subclinical depression but without self-harm. A positive correlation was revealed between the severity of self-harm and situational aggressiveness, proneness to conflict, self-accusation, neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness, depression, low self-esteem; a negative correlation was found between the severity of self-harm and inherent worth, self-acceptance, self-attachment and the mirror self. There is a positive correlation between depression and cynicism, hostility, aggressiveness, anxiety, proneness to conflict, irritability, and low self-esteem, and a negative correlation between depression and sociability and openness.

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