scholarly journals Design and compliant estimate of robot gripper with light-emitting diode and photodiode positioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anan Suebsomran
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Time Estimate ◽  
Recursive Least Square ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Robot Gripper ◽  
Soft Objects

Generally, robot gripper is the tool to enhancing the efficiency and ability of grasping task of robot manipulator. The interaction between the object and the grasping finger is the main target of robotic gripper design stage. For this research, robot gripper is then proposed as the new method of robot gripper force control using real-time estimate force feedback signal in order to achieve higher performance of grasping objects. Robot gripper kinematics is also analyzed and adjusted to more practical development. The object manipulation is also identifiable using recursive least square estimation technique of both hard and soft objects during grasping. Force controller of robot gripper is obtained using real-time estimate force feedback signal by the recursive least square method. Comparison of proportional–integral–derivative controller gains is tuned with different force feedback signals, normal force feedback, and estimate force feedback during grasping hard and soft objects validated by experiment. The results of design and development are illustrated by simulation and experimental methods. In addition, due to the limitation of electromagnetic interference, signals will not affect other instrumentations with restricted working condition. The range of gripper motion is detected by applied visible light signal of light-emitting diode and photodiode as limit sensors.

scholarly journals A Device to Measure a Smoker’s Puffing Topography and Real-Time Puff-By-Puff “Tar” Delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Slayford ◽  
Barrie E. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Obscuration ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Volume Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA device for measuring the flow, duration and volume characteristics of human puffing behaviour when smoking cigarettes is described. Cigarettes are smoked through a holder comprising a measured pressure drop across a critical orifice. The holder also contains a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and photodetector that measures light obscuration in order to estimate nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM, “tar”) delivery. All data are recorded on a puff-by-puff basis and displayed in real time. These NFDPM estimates are known as optical “tar” (OT), and are derived from the calibration of the OT measurement versus gravimetric NFDPM yields of cigarettes under a range of smoking regimes. In a test study, puff volumes from 20-80 mL were recorded to ± 6.0% of a pre-set volume, with an absolute error of 4.7 mL for an 80 mL volume drawn on a lit cigarette, and an average error of less than 2.0 mL across the range 20-80 mL. The relationship between NFDPM and OT was linear (R2 = 0.99) and accurate to ± 1.3 mg per cigarette over the range 1-23 mg per cigarette. The device provides an alternative to the widely used part filter methodology for estimating mouth level exposure with an added benefit that no further laboratory smoking replication or analysis is required. When used in conjunction with the part filter methodology, the puffing behaviour recorded can explain anomalies in the data while providing a second independent estimate.

scholarly journals Real-Time Healthcare Data Transmission for Remote Patient Monitoring in Patch-Based Hybrid OCC/BLE Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Hasan ◽  
Md. Shahjalal ◽  
Mostafa Chowdhury ◽  
Yeong Jang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Led Array ◽  
Access Request ◽  
Remote Patient

Research on electronic healthcare (eHealth) systems has increased dramatically in recent years. eHealth represents a significant example of the application of the Internet of Things (IoT), characterized by its cost effectiveness, increased reliability, and minimal human eff ort in nursing assistance. The remote monitoring of patients through a wearable sensing network has outstanding potential in current healthcare systems. Such a network can continuously monitor the vital health conditions (such as heart rate variability, blood pressure, glucose level, and oxygen saturation) of patients with chronic diseases. Low-power radio-frequency (RF) technologies, especially Bluetooth low energy (BLE), play significant roles in modern healthcare. However, most of the RF spectrum is licensed and regulated, and the effect of RF on human health is of major concern. Moreover, the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio in high distance can be decreased to a considerable extent, possibly leading to the increase in bit-error rate. Optical camera communication (OCC), which uses a camera to receive data from a light-emitting diode (LED), can be utilized in eHealth to mitigate the limitations of RF. However, OCC also has several limitations, such as high signal-blockage probability. Therefore, in this study, a hybrid OCC/BLE system is proposed to ensure efficient, remote, and real-time transmission of a patient’s electrocardiogram (ECG) signal to a monitor. First, a patch circuit integrating an LED array and BLE transmitter chip is proposed. The patch collects the ECG data according to the health condition of the patient to minimize power consumption. Second, a network selection algorithm is developed for a new network access request generated in the patch circuit. Third, fuzzy logic is employed to select an appropriate camera for data reception. Fourth, a handover mechanism is suggested to ensure efficient network allocation considering the patient’s mobility. Finally, simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance and reliability of the proposed system.

scholarly journals Spectroscopy Transmittance by LED Calibration

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Carreres-Prieto ◽  
Juan T. García ◽  
Fernando Cerdán-Cartagena ◽  
Juan Suardiaz-Muro
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectral Width ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

Local administrations demand real-time and continuous pollution monitoring in sewer networks. Spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique that can be used to continuously monitor quality in sewers. Covering a wide range of wavelengths can be useful for improving pollution characterization in wastewater. Cost-effective and in-sewer spectrophotometers would contribute to accomplishing discharge requirements. Nevertheless, most available spectrometers are based on incandescent lamps, which makes it unfeasible to place them in a sewerage network for real-time monitoring. This research work shows an innovative calibration procedure that allows (Light-Emitting Diode) LED technology to be used as a replacement for traditional incandescent lamps in the development of spectrophotometry equipment. This involves firstly obtaining transmittance values similar to those provided by incandescent lamps, without using any optical components. Secondly, this calibration process enables an increase in the range of wavelengths available (working range) through a better use of the LED’s spectral width, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of LEDs required. Thirdly, this method allows important reductions in costs, dimensions and consumptions to be achieved, making its implementation in a wide variety of environments possible.

REAL-TIME BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION OF ACOUSTIC SIGNALS WITH A RECURSIVE APPROACH

2004 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUXUE DING ◽  
JIE HUANG ◽  
DAMING WEI
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Blind Source Separation ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Normal Equation ◽  
Recursive Least Square ◽  
Second Order Statistics

We propose an approach for real-time blind source separation (BSS), in which the observations are linear convolutive mixtures of statistically independent acoustic sources. A recursive least square (RLS)-like strategy is devised for real-time BSS processing. A normal equation is further introduced as an expression between the separation matrix and the correlation matrix of observations. We recursively estimate the correlation matrix and explicitly, rather than stochastically, solve the normal equation to obtain the separation matrix. As an example of application, the approach has been applied to a BSS problem where the separation criterion is based on the second-order statistics and the non-stationarity of signals in the frequency domain. In this way, we realise a novel BSS algorithm, called exponentially weighted recursive BSS algorithm. The simulation and experimental results showed an improved separation and a superior convergence rate of the proposed algorithm over that of the gradient algorithm. Moreover, this algorithm can converge to a much lower cost value than that of the gradient algorithm.

Concept design of a UV light-emitting diode based fluorescence sensor for real-time bioparticle detection

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ryškevič ◽  
S. Juršėnas ◽  
P. Vitta ◽  
E. Bakienė ◽  
R. Gaska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Fluorescence Sensor ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Light Emitting

Real-time Light Transmittance Monitoring for Determining Polymerization Completeness of Conventional and Bulk Fill Dental Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. E19-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Par ◽  
I Repusic ◽  
H Skenderovic ◽  
E Klaric Sever ◽  
D Marovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
T Values

SUMMARY Objectives: To monitor the real-time changes in light transmittance during composite curing and to use transmittance data to determine the curing times required for a complete polymerization. Methods: Three conventional and three bulk fill composites were cured with two light-emitting diode curing units at layer thicknesses of 2 mm and 4 mm. The real-time light transmittance data were collected by a UV-Vis spectrometer in the wavelength range of 350-550 nm, plotted against time (t) and fitted to an exponential function f(t), whose first derivative ΔT(t) = df(t)/dt represented the rate of transmittance change. As the changing transmittance reflects structural changes that occur during polymerization, ΔT(t) > 0 was considered to indicate an ongoing polymerization, whereas ΔT(t) values approaching zero suggested a complete polymerization. This principle was used to determine times required for a complete polymerization (tcomplete) for each material/thickness/curing unit combination. Results: Light transmittance was significantly influenced by the material type, sample thickness, and curing unit, amounting to 2.9%-27.0% for the bulk fill and 0.7%-16.7% for the conventional composites. The values of tcomplete amounted to 15.3-23.3 seconds for the bulk fill composites at 2 mm, 20.2-33.3 seconds for the conventional composites at 2 mm, 26.9-42.1 seconds for the bulk fill composites at 4 mm, and 40.1-59.8 seconds for the conventional composites at 4 mm. Additionally, an exponential relationship was discovered between the light transmittance and tcomplete. Conclusions: Some of the tcomplete values considerably exceeded the curing times recommended by the manufacturers.

2.7 Mb/s With a 93-kHz White Organic Light Emitting Diode and Real Time ANN Equalizer

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1687-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Anthony Haigh ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Ioannis Papakonstantinou ◽  
Hoa Le Minh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Organic Light

Towards a Novel Broadband Spectrally Dynamic Solid State Light Source

2005 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nicol ◽  
Shalini Gupta ◽  
Nola Li ◽  
Ali Asghar ◽  
Elton Graugnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Tunnel Junction ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Wavelengths ◽  
Dynamic Source

AbstractThe developments of two major components of a three terminal dual wavelength LED for excitation of multiple phosphors are described. Such a configuration will be novel Broadband Spectrally Dynamic Light Emitting Diode (BSDLED). First, work towards a functional tunnel junction in the GaN system is discussed. The developments of p+ and n+ GaN layers are specifically discussed in relation to their use in a buried current spreading contact layer. Second, the analysis of several phosphors and their application in a spectrally dynamic source is explored. The response to multiple wavelengths of the phosphors is analyzed to create a light source that can be tuned in “real time” to a wide range of correlated color temperatures.

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