scholarly journals Free space traveling–standing wave attenuation method for microwave sensing of grain moisture content

2020 ◽  
pp. 002029402096213
Author(s):  
Chenxiao Li ◽  
Xiaoting Yu ◽  
Zezhao Chen ◽  
Qian Song ◽  
Yanlei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Sample Container ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Weight Sensor

Moisture content is an important index to assess the grain quality and food processing conditions. A measurement system based on the traveling–standing microwave attenuation method is designed for a fast and nondestructive grain moisture content determination. The proposed system consists of a microwave cavity oscillator, microwave transmitting and receiving horn antennas, microwave detector, slide rail, sample container, weight sensor, temperature sensor, and controller. The traveling–standing wave caused by free space microwave multiple reflection is discussed. The moisture content calibration functions eliminated the interference of bulk density and temperature are proposed based on the attenuation of the maximum field strength of the transmission traveling–standing wave. The moisture content of rice, which ranges from 10.75% to 27.62%, is obtained with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.586% and a coefficient of determination ( R2) of 0.988, whereas the moisture content of corn, which ranges from 7.72% to 24.46%, is obtained with a SEP of 0.340% and R2 of 0.991. The main results might provide technical support for the development of accurate and intelligent grain quality detection equipment.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF EASTERN CANADIAN CORN USING MEASUREMENTS OF CAPACITANCE AND TEST WEIGHT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
J. C. BABB ◽  
C. J. DEMPSTER ◽  
R. J. WALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Conversion Table ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
The Difference

A statistical regression model for rapid prediction of moisture content based on measurements of dielectric capacitance and test weight was developed for eastern Canadian corn (Zea mays L.). For 336 samples of the 1986 crop, dielectric readings were determined with a Model 919 grain moisture meter, test weight values with an Ohaus half-litre measure and moisture content values by a single-stage air-oven procedure. The regression model, which incorporates linear terms for dielectric reading and test weight plus an interaction term which is a product of the two, is an excellent predictor of corn moisture as indicated by analysis of the residuals and by the high value of the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.95) and low value of the standard error of estimate (SEE = 0.85). Although the relationship between moisture content and dielectric reading for Ontario samples differed from that for Quebec samples, the proposed regression model helped to compensate for the difference. This model was also effective in predicting moisture content for 365 samples of 1987-crop eastern Canadian corn. As well, it yielded a better fit to 1986–1987 crop data than did the dielectric-based regression model used in CGC Corn Moisture Conversion Table No. 9.Key words: Zea Mays L., predicting corn moisture, Model 919 meter, capacitance, test weight, dielectric

Measurement of Moisture Content in Powdered Food Using Microwave Free-Space Transmission Technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1196-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Bok Kim ◽  
Seon Gun Park ◽  
Ji Yeon Kim ◽  
Jong Heon Kim ◽  
Chan Joo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Powdered Food ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Moisture Content Measurement

In this study, microwave free-space transmission technique was applied to measure the moisture content of powdered food (wheat flour, milk powder, and coffee powder). In frequency range from 1 to 15 GHz, the microwave attenuation and phase shift due to moisture content of food samples were measured and analyzed using vector network analyzer, double rigid horn antennas, and sample holder filled with moist food samples. To estimate the relationship between moisture density of powdered food and the attenuation and phase shift, correlation analysis was performed. The correlation coefficients at each food sample were greater than 0.91. The calibration equation for moisture content measurement having attenuation and phase shift as independent variables at 15 GHz was developed and evaluated. The coefficient of determination and root mean square for all food samples were 0.974 and 0.328 % respectively.

Effects of Different Solar Drying Methods on Drying Time and Rice Grain Quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyseth Meas ◽  
Anthony H. J. Paterson ◽  
Donald J. Cleland ◽  
John E. Bronlund ◽  
A. John Mawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Harvest Moisture ◽  
Grain Bulk ◽  
Air Circulation

Paddy rice was sun dried in Cambodia in 2004 using a range of methods practiced by local rice farmers. For each treatment in the experiment, a grain sample at about 22% moisture (typical harvest moisture content) was sun dried between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. During experiments, the grain moisture content was measured at regular intervals. The grain varieties used, bed depths, stirring of the grain, bulk tempering after drying and the drying pads had significant effects on the drying time. Drying was faster when bed depth was reduced, regularly stirred but not shaded or covered and when the drying was carried out on a porous pad. Damage to the dried grain was reduced when the bed was thin, stirred and shaded and when the drying was slow on pads with less air circulation.

scholarly journals Rapid-Detection Sensor for Rice Grain Moisture Based on NIR Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Zhitao Xiao ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
And Storage

Rice grain moisture has a great impact on th production and storage storage quality of rice. The main objective of this study was to design and develop a rapid-detection sensor for rice grain moisture based on the Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) characteristic band, aiming to realize its accurate and on-line measurement. In this paper, the NIR spectral information of grain samples with different moisture content was obtained using a portable NIR spectrometer. Then, the partial least squares (PLS) and competitive adaptive reweighted squares (CARS) were applied to model and analyze the spectral data to find the rice grain moisture NIR spectroscopy. As a result, the 1450 nm band was sensitive to the rice grain moisture and a rapid-detection sensor was developed with a 1450 nm light emitting diode (LED) light source, InGaAs photodiode, lens and filter, whose basic principle is to establish the relationship between the rice grain moisture and the measured voltage signal. To evaluate the sensor performance, rice grain samples with 13–30% moisture content were detected, the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.936, and the sum of squares for error (SSE) was 23.44. It is concluded that this study provides a spectroscopic measuring method, as well as developing an effective and accurate sensor for the rapid determination of rice grain moisture, which is of great significance for monitoring the quality of rice grain during its production, transportation and storage process.

Productivity of corn hybrids of different fao groups depending on microfertilizers and growth stimulants under irrigation in the south of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yu. Lavrynenko ◽  
R. Vozhegova ◽  
O. Hozh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.

Effects of Non-uniform Kernel Moisture Content on Moisture Measurement of Corn

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Bíborka Gillay ◽  
David B. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Measurement ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Moisture Meter ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
New Crop ◽  
The U.S

The price paid for corn is usually based on 15.0 or 15.5 percent moisture content. However, corn must be dried below 13 percent moisture to ensure safe storage for a year or more. In the U.S., such stored corn cannot be directly remoistened before selling it, but it can be mixed with moist new-crop corn. Accurate moisture measurement of mixtures of dry and moist corn is important to permit adjustment of blending ratios to maximize profitability, but grain moisture meters are less accurate for mixtures of wet and dry grain. This research evaluated the differences between dielectric-type moisture meter results for mixed and equilibrated corn samples at different moisture levels and different measurement frequencies. Equilibrated grain samples tended to give lower moisture results than recently mixed grain samples - especially in the 1 to 10 MHz region. These differences permitted detection of mixtures by using moisture measurements at two frequencies.

PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE HAMMER MILL 锤片式粉碎机参数优化与试验研究

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Changbin He ◽  
Haiqing Tian ◽  
Liu Fei ◽  
Zhang Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Corn Grain

Low productivity and high electricity consumption are considered problems of the hammer mill, which is widely used in current feed production. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn grain ground by a hammer mill were analysed, and the key factors affecting the performance of the hammer mill were determined. The single-factor experiment and three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment were carried out with the spindle speed, corn grain moisture content and number of hammers as experimental factors and the productivity and electricity consumption per ton as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the order of influence on the productivity was spindle speed > corn grain moisture content > number of hammers and that the order of influence on the electricity consumption per ton was corn grain moisture content > spindle speed > number of hammers. The parameters were optimized based on the response surface method with the following results: the spindle speed was 4306 r/min, the corn grain moisture content was 10%, and the number of hammers was 24. The validation experiment was carried out with the optimal parameters’ combination. The productivity and electricity consumption per ton were 988.12 kg/h and 5.37 kW·h/t, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results of the model.

Effects of Grain Moisture Content on Mechanical Grain Harvesting Quality of Summer Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu LI ◽  
Jun XUE ◽  
Rui-Zhi XIE ◽  
Ke-Ru WANG ◽  
Bo MING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Grain Moisture

scholarly journals Wheat Grinding Process with Low Moisture Content: A New Approach for Wholemeal Flour Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Waleed H. Hassoon ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Antoni Miś ◽  
Beata Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Mixing Properties ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Flour Production ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this study was to determine the grinding characteristics of wheat with a low moisture content. Two kinds of wheat—soft spelt wheat and hard Khorasan wheat—were dried at 45 °C to reduce the moisture content from 12% to 5% (wet basis). Air drying at 45 °C and storage in a climatic chamber (45 °C, 10% relative humidity) were the methods used for grain dehydration. The grinding process was carried out using a knife mill. After grinding, the particle size distribution, average particle size and grinding energy indices were determined. In addition, the dough mixing properties of wholemeal flour dough were studied using a farinograph. It was observed that decreasing the moisture content in wheat grains from 12% to 5% made the grinding process more effective. As a result, the average particle size of the ground material was decreased. This effect was found in both soft and hard wheat. Importantly, lowering the grain moisture led to about a twofold decrease in the required grinding energy. Moreover, the flour obtained from the dried grains showed higher water absorption and higher dough stability during mixing. However, the method of grain dehydration had little or no effect on the results of the grinding process or dough properties.

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