Instrumenting for Computer Control

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Design Specification ◽  
Instrument Engineer ◽  
Computer Controlled

An instrument engineer outlines some of the answers to problems encountered in the design, specification, installation, startup, and maintenance of an instrumentation system for a computer-controlled potash ore plant. Putting the emphasis on the computer/instrument interface, most of this user's statements are general and applicable to any ddc installation.

Applications of CCEM to Environmental Health Problems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
J. S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
External Agent ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
General Aspects

Electron microscopy (EM), with the advent of computer control and image analysis techniques, is rapidly evolving from an interpretative science into a quantitative technique. Electron microscopy is potentially of value in two general aspects of environmental health: exposure and diagnosis.In diagnosis, electron microscopy is essentially an extension of optical microscopy. The goal is to characterize cellular changes induced by external agents. The external agent could be any foreign material, chemicals, or even stress. The use of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool is well- developed, but computer-controlled electron microscopy (CCEM) has had only limited impact, mainly because it is fairly new and many institutions lack the resources to acquire the capability. In addition, major contributions to diagnosis will come from CCEM only when image analysis (IA) and processing algorithms are developed which allow the morphological and textural changes recognized by experienced medical practioners to be quantified. The application of IA techniques to compare cellular structure is still in a primitive state.

The new CM-Series TEMs: integration of a five-axis motorized, fully computer-controlled goniometer

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Marc J.C. de Jong ◽  
P. Emile S.J. Asselbergs ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Access Port ◽  
Vibration Stability ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Five Axes

A new step forward in Transmission Electron Microscopy has been made with the introduction of the CompuStage on the CM-series TEMs: CM120, CM200, CM200 FEG and CM300. This new goniometer has motorization on five axes (X, Y, Z, α, β), all under full computer control by a dedicated microprocessor that is in communication with the main CM processor. Positions on all five axes are read out directly - not via a system counting motor revolutions - thereby providing a high degree of accuracy. The CompuStage enters the octagonal block around the specimen through a single port, allowing the specimen stage to float freely in the vacuum between the objective-lens pole pieces, thereby improving vibration stability and freeing up one access port. Improvements in the mechanical design ensure higher stability with regard to vibration and drift. During stage movement the holder O-ring no longer slides, providing higher drift stability and positioning accuracy as well as better vacuum.

Computer Controlled X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of Residual Stress

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Kelly ◽  
E. Eichen
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe system to be described includes hardware and software for the on-line computer control of the X-ray diffraction measurement of residual stress. This determination involves accurately measuring the angles at which a back-reflection line is diffracted, first by diffracting planes parallel to the sample surface, and then by planes at an angle (ψ) to the sample surface. The residual stress is calculated from the difference in the two measured diffraetion angles. The procedure executed by the computer consists of locating the peaks, selecting three angles for collection of X-ray counts, correcting the measured counts, fitting the equi-angular intensity measurements to a three-point parabola, calculating the peak angles, calculating the residual stress from the measured angles and typing a report. This automation has eliminated the tedium of the manual X-ray data accumulation and of the residual stress calculation. The online control has also permitted improvements in the technique not practicable with the manually performed measurement of residual stress.

Computer Controlled System for Study of Pulsed Hollow Cathode Lamps

1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Johnson ◽  
C. K. Mann ◽  
T. J. Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cathode ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Surface Mapping ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
The One

A system for complete computer control of the important current waveform variables in the operation of pulsed hollow cathode lamps is described and characterized. The system is shown to provide a highly flexible approach for the rapid accumulation of data on lamp operating characteristics. By implementing a simplex optimization technique with the system, it is shown that a selected lamp response (average peak intensity or integrated peak intensity) can be observed as a function of one variable, while all other variables are at values which result in an optimized response. This procedure, which probably could not be carried out without a closed loop system such as that described, avoids the potential difficulties of the one-factor-at-a-time approach. Results are reported for optimization studies of two iron hollow cathode lamps, for a response surface mapping experiment, and for examination of the pulse shapes of iron, calcium, vanadium, and aluminum hollow cathode lamps.

Compensation for Object Motion in Remote Manipulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Remote Manipulation ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Human Operators

The goal of this project is the proposal of the concept of master/slave control with compensation for object motion in order to facilitate the manipulation of a moving object and the evaluation of the compensation by experimentally comparing the performance of the operator. An experimental system was constructed consisting of a master/slave manipulator, a moving table for the moving object, and a computer which controls both the manipulator and table. A computer control scheme for master/ slave and compensation for object motion was developed in consideration of the kinematics and dynamics of the manipulator. The computation time in this scheme was shown to be practical and permitted a system sampling time of 50 ms. Experiments were conducted with human operators performing manipulation tasks in computer controlled master/slave. Their performance was compared in three situations: no object motion, compensation for object motion, and no compensation. The comparison of the compensation and no compensation situations showed that compensation reduced the operation time by 26-41% in the peg moving task and increased the accuracy by two and a half times in rectangle tracing. However, in valve turning, significant improvement was not observed. Thus, it was concluded that compensation for object motion can significantly improve the performance of the human operator in certain kinds of tasks.

Time-Resolved Constant-Energy Synchronous Phosphorimetry

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier J. Laserna ◽  
Michael A. Mignardi ◽  
Ray Von Wandruska ◽  
James D. Winefordner
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Spectral Selectivity ◽  
Gate Opening ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Computer Controlled

Constant-energy synchronous scanning has been combined with time resolution in order to increase the spectral selectivity in low-temperature phosphorimetry. The technique is called Time-Resolved Constant-Energy Synchronous Phosphorimetry (TRCESP). The personal computer-controlled flashlamp phosphorimeter consisted of a conventional spectrophosphorimeter with computer control of the scanning of the excitation and emission spectrometers. Temporal features such as the repetition rate, source pulse width, delay time between termination of the source pulse and the gate opening, and detector gate width were under various forms of electronic control. A discussion of the spectral resolution resulting from synchronous scanning and temporal resolution from pulsing the source and gating the detector is given. Several mixtures of phosphors are evaluated with respect to the effect of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and combination of the two resolution approaches upon both sensitivity and selectivity measurements.

scholarly journals Computer-controlled variable-structure systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghuo Yu ◽  
Renfrey B. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Dimensional System ◽  
Sliding Modes ◽  
Variable Structure Systems ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Two Dimensional System ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Theoretical Results

AbstractA theory is developed for the computer control of variable-structure systems, using periodic zero-order-hold sampling. A simple two-dimensional system is first analysed, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of pseudo-sliding modes are discussed. The method is then applied to a discrete model of a cylindrical robot. The theoretical results are illustrated by computer simulations.

A Hydraulic Fan Driven Heat Exchanger for Automotive Cooling Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Frick ◽  
Hany Bassily ◽  
Heather Watson ◽  
John Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Coolant Pump ◽  
Computer Controlled

Hydraulics are widely applied in transportation and manufacturing systems due to their high power density, design flexibility for power transmission, and ease of computer control. One fluid system application that merits investigation is the internal combustion engine advanced thermal management system which replaces the traditional mechanical coolant pump and radiator fan with computer controlled components. Although electric servo-motors may be integrated to drive these mechanical loads, the power demands often require large actuator sizes and electrical currents. An alternative to dc motors are hydraulic driven motors which offer higher torques in a smaller package space. In the paper, an automotive heat exchanger will be investigated that features a computer controlled hydraulic actuated fan. A series of dynamic models will be presented for the radiator, fan assembly, and hydraulic circuit. For comparison purposes, two radiator models are developed using heat transfer concepts for a cross flow heat exchanger. The ε-NTU method is a standard methodology for heat exchanger analysis involving a logarithmic mean temperature difference of the fluids. In contrast, the Nusselt method uses temperature differential equations for fluids in cross flow to calculate an average temperature difference. Representative numerical results will be presented to demonstrate transient responses of the hydraulic components as well as the radiator temperature.

The Air Force Academy Instructor Workstation (IWS): II. Effectiveness

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Gist ◽  
Marilyn K. McQuade ◽  
Richard E. Swanson ◽  
Gary L. Lorenzen ◽  
Stephen R. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Air Force Academy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Introductory Calculus

This article discusses the results of measuring the in-class effectiveness of a computer controlled instructor workstation (IWS). The IWS was used in an introductory calculus-based physics course. It provided computer control of the presentation of videodisc scenes in support of the lecture. We found no significant difference in the performance of the students, but did see a significant improvement in their attitude. Instructor reaction was generally favorable. We also discuss the pedagogy used in developing the lessons, and the design of the evaluation.

scholarly journals Fatigue in mammalian skeletal muscle stimulated under computer control

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Wise ◽  
D. L. Morgan ◽  
J. E. Gregory ◽  
U. Proske
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Postural Support ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Stimulation Of

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to provide paralyzed human subjects with postural support and a limited range of movements. Problems encountered with FES include jerky movements from tension oscillations during stimulation and rapid muscle fatigue. In this paper, we report experiments on anesthetized cats that test a new, computer-controlled method of stimulation of the muscle nerve supply, distributed across several inputs, which reduces these problems. After 5 min of continuous, distributed stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius muscle at 6 pulses per second (pps) across 6 channels, tension fell to 55.9 ± 3.9% (SE) of its original value. In comparison, after 5 min of synchronous stimulation of one muscle portion at 36 pps, tension fell to 11 ± 3.7%. At higher stimulation rates, 10 pps per channel (distributed) and 60 pps (synchronous), the differences in fatigue were even greater. Similar results were obtained when an intermittent, rather than a continuous, stimulation protocol was used. These findings indicate that distributed stimulation has important advantages over other methods for applications such as FES.

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