The biopsychosocial-spiritual factors influencing relapse of patients with schizophrenia

Objective: High relapse rate of patients with schizophrenia has a large impact on patients and their families that can be reviewed from biopsychosocial and spiritual factors. Determining all the potential risk factors of relapse in schizophrenia can help increase awareness of physicians, patients, and families. Physicians are the ones who examine patients and have responsibility to manage and educate them and expect to prevent relaps. This study analyze various biopsychosocial and spiritual factors affecting relapse occurrence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Cross sectional observational analytic study on 226 subjects with schizophrenia in three places in East Java, Indonesia, namely Soetomo Academic Hospital Surabaya (33.2%), Menur Hospital Surabaya (32.7%), and Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital Lawang (34.1%) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection including 33 biopsychosocial and spiritual factors and were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Relapse rate within 1 year was 59.73%. There were 12 factors significantly affected the relapse of schizophrenia, namely history of physical disease of mothers during pregnancy ( p < .001; B = 27.31; 95% CI 3.96–188.52), presence of trigger ( p < .000; B = 6.25; 95% CI 2.61–14.96), negative beliefs ( p < .000; B = 4.94; 95% CI 2.10–11.61), hereditary factors ( p < .001; B = 4.84; 95% CI 1.93–12.10), insight ( p < .003; B = 4.27; 95% CI 1.62–11.27), 1-year GAF Scale ( p < .015; B = 3.79; 95% CI 1.30–11.09), response to treatment ( p < .006; B = 3.68; 95% CI 1.45–9.36), family knowledge ( p < .011; B = 3.23; 95% CI 1.31–7.93), history of head trauma ( p < .029; B = 3.13; 95% CI 1.13–8.69), medication side effects ( p < .028; B = 2.92; 95% CI 1.12–7.61), substance use history ( p < .031; B = 2.86; 95% CI 1.10–7.45), and occupation ( p < .040; B = 2.40; 95% CI 1.04–5.52). Conclusions: The 12 factors of biopsychosocial-spiritual are determinant to predict the risk of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. These factors should be emphasized in psychoeducation for patients and their families to enable intervention and relapse prevention.

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Faktor Risiko Potensial Reaksi Kusta Pada Etnis Asli di Dua Kantong Kusta – Papua

Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/bpk.v46i4.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Antonius Antonius ◽

Yuli Arisanti ◽

Ratna Tanjung ◽

Yunita Mirino

Keyword(s):

Potential Risk ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

West Papua ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Papua Barat

Abstract Papua and West Papua are two provinces in Indonesia with high rate of leprosy number. One of the problems in leprosy management is the emergence of leprosy reactions. The purpose of this study was to identified potential risk factors affecting to leprosy reaction among indigenous people in two leprosy pockets in Papua and West Papua. Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 10 months (February-November 2018) in Jayapura City and Bintuni District, by interview using questionnaire and physical examination. Successfully found 90 subjects of leprosy patients who are undergoing treatment and 18 subjects had experienced of leprosy reaction. Although no dominant potential risk factor was found, history of previous MDT consumption and history of BCG immunization become potential factors. Key words: reaction, leprosy, papua Abstrak Papua dan Papua Barat merupakan dua provinsi di Indonesia dengan angka kejadian kusta yang tinggi. Salah satu masalah dalam penanganan kusta adalah timbulnya reaksi kusta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko potensial yang berpengaruh pada reaksi kusta pada etnis asli di dua kantong kusta di Papua dan Papua Barat. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan selama 10 bulan (Februari-November 2018) di Kota Jayapura dan Bintuni, menggunakan wawancara dengan kuisioner dan pemeriksaan fisik. Berhasil ditemukan 90 subyek pasien kusta yang sedang menjalani pengobatan dan 18 di antaranya pernah mengalami reaksi kusta. Meskipun tidak ditemukan faktor risiko potensial yang dominan, namun riwayat minum MDT sebelumnya dan riwayat tidak diimunisasi BCG menjadi faktor-faktor yang potensial. Kata kunci: reaksi, kusta, papua

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HEMOGLOBIN STATUS OF FEMALE MEDICOS IN URBAN AREA AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16440 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

Drpadmajauday Kumar ◽

Varsha Kalyanpur

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Nutritional Anemia ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

History Of

ABSTRACTObjectives: Estimating the hemoglobin (Hb) status in female medicos through prospective cross-sectional study and assessment of influencing ofcofactors were objectives.Methods: Women medicos who volunteered, consented and met selection criteria were enrolled. Hb level was estimated to diagnose anemia.Relationship with influencing factors was assessed statistically.Result: A total of 100 eligible students were enrolled. Mean age±standard deviation (SD) age of the participants’ was 20.9±3.1 years (17-25 years).Mean±SD Hb was 12.25±1.0189 g% (9.0-16.0 g%). 33 were anemic, and mild anemia (32%) was frequent. There was a history of worm infestation inthree students (3%), who were treated adequately. Nine were on iron supplements of which five were still anemic and were continuing the treatmentby the end of the study. 28 (84.84%) anemic students were not on any iron or hematinic treatment. There was no association between the anemiaand nature of diet, consumption of green leafy vegetables, consumption of coffee/tea after food, smoking/tobacco or alcohol consumption, mother’seducation, socioeconomic status, menstrual factors, and physical exercise. The prevalence of anemia was found to be higher in underweight andoverweight students in comparison to students with normal body mass index.Asymptomatic participants (n=78) outnumbered symptomatic ones(n=22), but without any statistical significance. Easy fatigability (14%), pallor (7%), breathlessness (6%), weakness (9%), and easy bruising (1%)were frequent complaints.Conclusion: Anemia is frequent among women medicos, often underdiagnosed, under-reported, many remaining asymptomatic. Negligence ofmedical students toward their anemic status despite the awareness of consequences of low Hb level is a serious cause of concern.Keywords: Awareness, Hemoglobin, Nutritional anemia, Women medical students.

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Factors Affecting Tramadol-Associated Seizure

International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine ◽

10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i4.26674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 26674.1-26674.5

Author(s):

Maryam Zaare Nahandi ◽

◽

Sayna Abbaszadeh ◽

Mostafa Mansouri ◽

Haniyeh Elahifard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Previous History ◽

Health Concern ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Higher Doses

Background: Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic and due to its opioid-like effects, the potential for abuse of tramadol is noticeable. Besides, the complications of tramadol abuse have become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the seizure, as one of the most common complications of tramadol consumption. Methods: A total number of 64 patients from 315 patients who were referred to Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran because of tramadol toxicity were included in this 9 months cross-sectional retrospective study. Results: There were 52 males and 12 females in the study. The seizure happened in 53.1% of the subjects and the Mean±SD time between tramadol consumption and seizure was 5.9±7.36 hours. There was no significant association between seizure and sex, age, the dose of tramadol, and previous tramadol consumption history. A significant association was seen between the dose of tramadol and the time of seizure. Conclusion: Seizure that happens due to tramadol overdose is not dependent on sex, age, and previous history of tramadol consumption. As the dose of tramadol is higher, the seizure happens later. More research is needed to understand why the seizure occurs later in higher doses.

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Patients’ beliefs toward generic medication in Yemen

Journal of Generic Medicines The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector ◽

10.1177/17411343211039267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174113432110392

Author(s):

Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber ◽

Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi ◽

Abdullah Ahmed Dhabali

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Generic Medicines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Generic Medication ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

The Social ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose This study aims to explore patients’ knowledge and beliefs toward generic medicines and identify the factors affecting their beliefs toward them in Yemen. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to July 1, 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 590 adult patients in Sana’a. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (IBM SPSS) version 26 for Windows. Results Overall, 370 patients participated in this study. The study identified that a majority of the respondents did not know the similarities and differences between generic and branded medication and had negative beliefs toward generic medication. The study identified the factors contributing to the patients’ beliefs toward generic medication. Conclusion Yemeni patients had poor knowledge and negative beliefs toward generic medication. Educational programs provided to patients and healthcare professionals regarding generic medication can improve patients’ knowledge and correct their beliefs in this regard.

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Factors Affecting Choice of Childbirth Place among Childbearing Age Women in Western Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/4371513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma ◽

Belaynesh Firrisa ◽

Melese Girmaye Negero ◽

Gemechu Kejela ◽

Haile Bikila

Keyword(s):

Institutional Delivery ◽

Care Facility ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Status ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

History Of

Background. Access to proper medical attention and hygienic conditions during delivery can reduce the risk of complications and infections that may lead to serious illness or death or for the mother, baby, or both. In Ethiopia, the high maternal mortality rate with delivery by unskilled birth attendants shows low utilization of maternal health services. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing factors determining the choice of childbirth place among women of childbearing age in Jimma Arjo District. Method. A cross-sectional design was conducted in Jimma Arjo District, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia, from March 20 to April 20, 2018. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total sample of 506 participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires to interview women of childbearing age with two trained data collectors. Data was entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS software version 20 for analysis. Data was checked for its completeness, cleaned, entered, and analyzed accordingly. Bivariate and multivariable data analyses were used to examine factors affecting choice of childbirth place. Results. A total of 506 women participated in this study, giving a response rate of 97.8%. The study investigated that home delivery was found to be 200 (39.5%)in the study area. Factors found to be statistically associated with choice of institutional delivery at p<0.05 were history of obstetric difficulties (AOR=6, 95%CI=2.08,17.60), woman educational status (AOR=4.4, 95%CI=1.47,13.42), husband educational status (AOR=4, 95%CI=1.43,11.60), two or more ANC visits (AOR=4, 95%CI=1.95,8.52), and accessibility to vehicle transportation (AOR=2.8, 95%CI=1.23,6.46). Conclusion. Preferring health facility as the birthplace in this study seems relatively better compared to other studies. It is shown that both mothers and their husbands attending secondary and greater educational level, history of obstetric difficulties, two or more ANC visits, and physical accessibility to health care facility have influenced mothers to prefer a health institution as the childbirth place. Therefore, any programs aimed at increasing the choice of institutional delivery should work on increasing ANC attendance and transportation facilities in the study area.

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Factors affecting the fetal & maternal outcome in a trial of labour after previous one caesarean section

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1110-1117

Author(s):

Aseel Ghazi Rifat

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Fetal Complications ◽

History Of ◽

Maternal Bmi

This study was designed to evaluate maternal and obstetrical factors associated with a successful trial of labour after one caesarean section (TOLAC) as well as evaluating the associated fetal and maternal outcomes and to determine the rate of vaginal delivery and repeated C/S. A prospective cross-sectional study was done on 237 women with previous one C/S then patients were selected for the trial of labour based on the department protocol. Those who were chosen for TOL were strictly monitored & observed for the progress of labour and the outcomes were recorded in terms of mode of delivery, maternal & fetal complications and were analysed and compared with those who had repeated C/S. Seventy-three (30.8%) patient was delivered by elective C/S without trial, 109 (46%) of the patients who were admitted to labour room delivered vaginally while 55 (23.2%) delivered by emergency C/S. It has been found that maternal BMI of (<25), history of vaginal birth after C/S (VBAC) and smaller gestational age were significantly associated with the success of TOL and can predict the outcome. Higher maternal & fetal complications rates were reported in cases delivered by emergency C/S compared to those who delivered vaginally or through elective C/S. The trial of labour after one caesarean section is a safe alternative to repeated C/S and decreases the associated morbidities with repeated C/S. The success rate of TOLAC reported in this study was (66.5%). A successful TOLAC is associated with normal maternal BMI, smaller gestational age and history of the previous VBAC.

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RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTEROCOLITIS DEVELOPMENT IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v8i32020.218-227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Andro Pramana Witarto ◽

Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽

I.G.B. Adria Hariastawa ◽

I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hirschsprung's Disease ◽

Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of

Background: Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is one of the worst and most common complications of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). The mortality rate of HD patients with enterocolitis is still considered to be higher compared to that of those without enterocolitis. Purpose: This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential risk factors for HAEC development. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the medical records of HD patients treated from January 2015 to September 2018 at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. The inclusion criteria were HD patients who had or had not experienced enterocolitis. The analysis was done by comparing the presence of risk factors between groups of HD patients with and without preoperative and/or postoperative HAEC. The results were presented as the median value and frequency. To evaluate further, a prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval was performed. The Mann–Whitney U test was also performed with a significance level of p < 0.05 for one factor: length of aganglionic intestinal segments. Results: This study showed that 12 of the 40 HD patients studied (30%) had experienced enterocolitis. The risk of developing HAEC was associated with patients who had a history of previous enterocolitis (PR 6.60 [2.94 < PR < 14.80]). Regarding surgical details, patients who had had surgery only once (31.30% compared to 14.30%), surgery with one surgical method (29.40% compared to 20.00%), and a primary procedure had a higher incidence of HAEC (29.40% compared to 27.30%). Conclusion: HD patients with a history of previous enterocolitis were found to have a higher risk of developing HAEC.

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Depression-anxiety in Adult Population of Qatar during the First Year of COVID-19

10.29117/quarfe.2021.0177 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Salma Mawfek Khaled ◽

Iman Amro ◽

Lina Bader ◽

Tarek Bellaj ◽

Yousri Marzouki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

First Year ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Never Married ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Arabic Speaking

There is limited data from Arabic-speaking countries on risk factors for depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-specific data is necessary given differences in culture, demographics, and COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. This study intended to identify the factors associated with symptoms of depression-anxiety in the adult population of Qatar during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Qatar between July and December 2020 after Qatar’s first COVID-19 wave and before the beginning of the second wave. Depression-anxiety was defined as a cut-off of 20 or higher on the PHQ-ADS scale. Of 1138 participants, 71.05% were female, 69.0% Arabs, and 70.0% Non-Qataris. 77 % were < 40 years (the median age in Qatar is 32 years). In a fully-adjusted model, six variables were significantly associated with PHQ-ADS; Arab ethnicity (OR=1.67, p=0.026), never married (OR=1.69, p < 0.015), prior psychiatric history (OR=1.80, p=0.009), Social Media induced worries (OR=1.72, p=0.003), history of COVID-19 (OR=1.76, p=0.039), loneliness (OR=1.91, p < 0.001), and lower levels of religiosity (OR=0.96, p=0.039). The potential risk factors identified may assist with anxiety and depression prevention in future COVID-19 waves, similar national events and assist with early intervention to treat sufferers.

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Practice of Eye Checks among Medical Doctors in South-East Nigeria

Advances in Research ◽

10.9734/air/2021/v22i430309 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna ◽

Akunne Ijeoma Apakama ◽

Miriam-Benigna Chika Amobi ◽

Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam ◽

Chuka Michael Okosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

History Of

Visual impairment greatly affects one’s quality of life. The number of persons with visual impairment and blindness in the world is on the increase. Eye screening allows for early detection of sight-threatening diseases and timely intervention could be sight-saving. Aim: To determine the practice of eye checks and identify the factors that affect periodic eye checks among medical doctors in south-east Nigeria. Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among practicing medical doctors in private and public hospitals in Anambra State Nigeria, using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Information obtained from the participants included the sociodemographics data, type and duration of practice, presence of any medical and/or ocular condition, family history of eye diseases, history of use of spectacles, practice of eye check and interval of eye check, factors affecting the practice of eye check, and ways of promoting regular eye check. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Statistical significance was set at p˂0.05. Results: One hundred and eighty-seven practicing medical doctors were interviewed. There were 123 (65.8%) males and 64 (34.2%) females. Their ages ranged from 24 to 80 years, with a mean age of 44.81 ± 12.73 years. The mean duration of professional practice was 18.16 ± 11.9 years. Majority, 124 (66.3%) works in government-owned hospitals. Among the study participants, 93(49.7%) doctors had been diagnosed with different ocular diseases; 99(52.9%) had a family history of ocular problems; 94(50.3%) had used prescription lenses; and 51(27.3%) had medical conditions. One hundred and twelve (59.9%) had undergone at least eye examinations once, of which 54(48.2%) had their last eye examination over 5 years ago. The prevalence of eye check was 59.9% (95%CI: 52.9 – 66.9%). Eye checks were significantly associated with medical practice of over 20 years (P=0.030), working in a private practice (P=0.001), having eye diseases such as cataract (P=0.006), refractive error (P˂0.001), presbyopia (P˂0.001), and use of prescription spectacles (P˂0.001). ‘Belief of not having eye problems’ and ‘No time’ which accounted for 58.7% and 24.0% respectively were the commonest reasons for not regularly having eye examinations. Conclusion: Poor attitude to periodic eye examinations was seen in medical doctors in south east Nigeria.

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Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in the Adult Population of Qatar in the First Year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from an Online Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-729213/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Salma M. Khaled ◽

Iman Amro ◽

Lina Bader ◽

Peter Woodruff ◽

Majid A Alabdulla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Prior History ◽

First Year ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: There is limited data from Arabic-speaking countries on risk factors for depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-specific data is necessary given differences in culture, demographics, COVID-19 infection and mortality rates.Aim: To identify factors associated with symptoms of depression-anxiety in the adult population of Qatar during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Qatar between July and December 2020 after the first COVID-19 wave and before the beginning of the second wave. Depression-anxiety was defined as a cut-off of 20 or higher on the PHQ-ADS scale. Results: Of 1138 participants, 71.05% were female, 69.0% Arabs, and 70.0% Non-Qataris. 77% were < 40 years (the median age in Qatar is 32 years). In a fully-adjusted model, six variables were significantly associated with PHQ-ADS; Arab ethnicity (OR=1.67, p=0.026), never married (OR=2.04, p < 0.001 (versus married), prior history of psychiatric disorder (versus no history) (OR=1.76, p=0.039), increased worries due to social media use for COVID-related news/updates (OR=1.72, p=0.003), those with a history of COVID-19 (OR=1.76, p=0.039), loneliness (OR=1.91, p < 0.001), and lower levels of religiosity (OR=0.96, p=0.039). These associations also pertained in the reduced model, with exception of religiosity which was only marginally statistically significant (OR=0.97, p=0.055).Conclusions: The potential risk factors identified may assist with anxiety and depression prevention in future COVID-19 waves, and similar crises, and assist with early intervention to treat sufferers.

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