Border Crossing between the Russian Far East and Manchuria

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110319
Author(s):  
Mark Gamsa
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Control

This article addresses population movements across the Amur and the Ussuri River borders between Russia and China. It analyses the history of border crossing in this region from Russia’s acquisition of the Amur and Maritime provinces from the Qing Empire in 1860 to the present time, with a focus on the 1920s and 1930s. The article’s first part demonstrates that the movement of people (settlers, work migrants, refugees) across the two river borders went in both directions. The second part asks when the formerly porous river borders became sealed through strengthened military control. By analysing the mechanics of border crossing, such as the clandestine passages of Mennonites, a Russian–German Protestant sect, from Soviet territory into Chinese Manchuria over the Amur in 1929 and 1930, as well as the escape stories of other refugees from the Soviet Union, the article shows in its third part that the ‘sealed’ borders could nonetheless be transgressed.

A Review of Chinese Eastern Railway Study in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Weiyun Mа
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article reviews research on Chinese Eastern Railway in China. The research on Chinese Eastern Railway in China began in the early 20th century, has a history of more than 100 years. The existing research results mainly focus on the construction of Chinese Eastern Railway and Tsarist Russia's expansion policy, negotiation between China and Russia (Soviet Union) on the railway issue, the contradictions and struggles of Japan and the United States around the railway problem and so on. These documents cover a wide range of issues which almost involve the political, diplomacy, economy and trade, culture and other fields of international relations in the Far East from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, provide a broad vision for the study of Chinese Eastern Railway. But there are problems in the research. Although there are many works on Chinese Eastern Railway, but most discussions are limited to a certain stage, there are few works on the whole history of Chinese Eastern Railway. Not only should we pay attention to the study of the early 20th century in other words the period of the Qing Empire, moreover, we should strengthen the research in the period of the Republic of China and the new China period, this is of great significance to the study of the whole history of Sino — Soviet relations. In addition due to specific historical conditions, part of the Russian data of Chinese Eastern Railway in China was lost, in addition, there is no detailed and authoritative reference book for Russian archives of Chinese Eastern Railway, this situation makes the cited materials in Chinese works appear too old the materials cited in the book seem too old. The authors thank for proofreading and examining the translation A.I. Kobzev, Ph.D. (Philosophy), professor, director of China Department, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, director of TSC of Humanities and Social Sciences and director of Philosophy Department of MIPT (SRI), director of TSC «Oriental Philosophy» of RSUH, Chief researcher of Russian language, literature and culture research center of Heilongjiang University.

К вопросу об отношениях между дальневосточными железнодорожниками и Советским руководством с начала 1930-х до 1945 гг

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-297
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Gnatovskaya ◽  
Alexander Alexeevich Kim
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Railroad Workers ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention

This work presents new research on the everyday life of railroad workers in the Soviet Far East and their relations with the authorities beginning in the 1930s to 1945. The authors present their findings from a number of archival materials that are examined here for the first time in a scholarly manner. The article examines aspects of labor organization, socialist competition, labor discipline, and workers’ participation in various railway political and ideological campaigns during these years. The authors also give significant attention to the reactions of the workers to the policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (cpsu), laborers’ behavior in the workplace, and the history of various mass campaigns.

scholarly journals Техническое переоснащение предприятий угольной промышленности Приморья в годы индустриализации

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Far East ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coal Enterprises

В статье рассматриваются исторические аспекты процесса технического переоснащения угольной отрасли Приморья в 1930-е гг., выявляются предпосылки, условия и трудности перехода угольных предприятий региона на новую техническую основу. На смену полукустарным дореволюционным шахтам, основанным на ручном труде и паровых машинах, пришли современные технически оснащенные механизированные угледобывающие предприятия, работающие на машинах с электрическим приводом, однако процесс технического переоснащения шахт Приморья под влиянием различных факторов происходил медленнее, чем в других районах страны. Несмотря на это, как заключают авторы, приморские шахты в годы индустриализации стали главной топливной базой для развития электроэнергетики, индустрии и оборонной промышленности Дальнего Востока. Ключевые слова: угольная промышленность, механизация, электрификация, машинизация, индустриализация, Приморье, Дальний Восток The article examines the history of the technical re-equipment of the coal industry in Primorye in the 1930s, identifying the background, conditions and difficulties of coal enterprises’ transition to new technical base. The pre-revolutionary semi-artisan mines based on manual labor and steam engines were replaced by modern technically equipped mechanized coal mining enterprises, however, the process of technical re-equipment here went slower than in other regions of the Soviet Union due to the influence of various factors. Nevertheless, as the authors conclude, during industrialization the coal mines of Primorye became the main fuel base for the development of power generation, industry and defense sector in the Soviet Far East. Keywords: coal industry, mechanization, electrification, industrialization, Primorye, Soviet Far East

scholarly journals Russia and China: Building a Trustful Partnership

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
V. Vorobyov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Strategic Cooperation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gorbachev Era ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

This brief history of relations between the PRC and the Soviet Union (Russia) traces their evolution, starting with open hostility and ideology-driven debates of the 1960’s through normalization during the Gorbachev era, ending with trustful partnership and strategic cooperation at the turn of the 21st century under Yeltsin and Putin.The central topic is the negotiations of 1964-2004 for the delimitation along the western and eastern parts of the boundary between China and Russia, which ended with signing and ratifying an agreement resolving all territorial disputes and demarcating the boundaries at their full length. Establishment of cross-border cooperation on a broad range of issues is described as the main priority for both countries, taking into consideration the fact that large territory of Russia including its Far East and Far North is in the scope of the newest Chinese ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative. The article analyses contents of this strategic initiative, its domestic and foreign economic implications. The history of military détente between China and Russia and confidence-building measures are described. Brief outline of the history of the SCO as well as the main concepts of its activities are also addressed. Several controversial questions concerning the possible trends of Sino-Russian cooperation in the current international situation are raised in the article.

scholarly journals Depopulation of the Russian far East. Magadan Oblast: A Case Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wites
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Magadan Oblast ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Lower Lever ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Russian Far East

Abstract The paper presents spatial differentiation and causes of depopulation processes that began in Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East after the fall of the Soviet Union. In the region under investigation, depopulation is very intensive. The analysis of changes in population in the lower-lever administrative units allows for showing the differences in spatial distribution of depopulation in individual regions [“rayons”]. During the research surveys, allowing for a fuller understanding of the conditions and the process of depopulation, were conducted.

(Re)Constructing the Baikal-Amur Mainline

Transfers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 250-269
Author(s):  
Olga Povoroznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Late Socialism

The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) in East Siberia and the Russian Far East in the 1970s and 1980s was the largest technological and social engineering project of late socialism. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the BAM was dogged by economic bust, decline, and public disillusionment. BAM-2, a recently launched state program of technological modernization, aims to complete a second railway track. The project elicits memories as well as new hopes and expectations, especially among “builders of the BAM.” This article explores continuity and change between BAM-1 and BAM-2. It argues that the reconstruction efforts of the postsocialist state are predetermined by the durability of the infrastructure as a materialization of collective identities, memories, and emotions.

History of Relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in Documents from Serbian and Russian Archives

2018 ◽  
pp. 630-639
Author(s):  
Irina A. Konoreva ◽  
◽  
Igor N. Selivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Far East ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Master Program ◽  
East European ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

The review characterizes two collections of archival documents published in Belgrade and Moscow. They contain materials on the history of Yugoslavo-Soviet relations in 1964-1980s from the Archive of Yugoslavia and the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. The reviewed collections continue the series of publications of the Archive of Yugoslavia (‘Documents on Yugoslavia Foreign Policy’) and of the International Fund ‘Democracy’ (‘Russia: The 20th century’). The collections contain over 100 documents, most of which are published for the first time. They address problems of international relations and domestic policy of the two countries. These problems were discussed by the leaders of Yugoslavia and the USSR at their one-on-one meetings. These discussions allow to trace the process of establishment of mutually beneficial relations. There are materials on general problems of international relations, as well as regional issues: estimation of the role of the USA in the international affaires; impact of the Non-Aligned Movement; European problems; political situation in the Near, Middle, and Far East, and in the Southeast Asia; etc. The chronological framework include events of the Second Indo-Chinese War. The 2-volume collection includes I. B. Tito’s and L. I. Brezhnev’s assessments of the operations in Vietnam and their characterization of the American policy in the region. Its name index and glossary of abbreviations simplify working with documents. The materials of these collections may be of interest to professional historians, Master Program students specializing in history and international relations, who may use them as an educational resource, and post-graduate students researching issues of World and East-European history.

scholarly journals (Re)Constructing the Baikal-Amur Mainline

Transfers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 250-269
Author(s):  
Olga Povoroznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Late Socialism

Abstract The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) in East Siberia and the Russian Far East in the 1970s and 1980s was the largest technological and social engineering project of late socialism. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the BAM was dogged by economic bust, decline, and public disillusionment. BAM-2, a recently launched state program of technological modernization, aims to complete a second railway track. The project elicits memories as well as new hopes and expectations, especially among “builders of the BAM.” This article explores continuity and change between BAM-1 and BAM-2. It argues that the reconstruction efforts of the postsocialist state are predetermined by the durability of the infrastructure as a materialization of collective identities, memories, and emotions.

scholarly journals Regionalisms and Imperialisms in the Making of the Russian Far East, 1903–1926

Slavic Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-357
Author(s):  
Ivan Sablin ◽  
Daniel Sukhan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Asia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Tracing the emergence of the Russian Far East as a new region of the Russian Empire, revolutionary Russia, and the Soviet Union through regionalist and imperialist discourses and policies, this article briefly discusses Russian expansion in the Pacific littoral, outlines the history of regionalism in North Asia during the revolutionary and early Soviet periods, and focuses on the activities of the Far Eastern Council of People's Commissars (Dal΄sovnarkom), the Far Eastern Republic (FER), and the Far Eastern Revolutionary Committee (Dal΄'revkom). Inspired by Siberian regionalism and other takes on post-imperial decentralization, the Bolshevik Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krasnoshchekov and other regional politicians became the makers of the new region from within. Meanwhile, the legacies of the empire's expansionism, the Bolshevik “new imperialism” in Asia, and the Japanese military presence in the region during the Russian Civil War accompanied the consolidation of the Russian Far East.

Voices of Hunters on Socialist Modernisation: From a Case Study of the Udehe in the Russian Far East

Inner Asia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
Shiro Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
Hunting Culture ◽  
The Russian Far East

AbstractIn this paper I discuss how different the socialist modernisation of the equipment and techniques of indigenous hunters in Siberia and the Russian Far East was from the 'snowmobile revolution' in Finland and Alaska, and what the results of this modernisation were. In this discussion I analyse hunters' performance and narratives observed and collected in my field research on the hunting culture of the Udehe, one of the indigenous minorities in the Primor'e region in Russia. As a result, I conclude that socialist modernisation had delocalised the fundamental materials for hunting activities such as fuel, equipment for transportation and weapons. However, the serious techno-economic differentiation that had been observed in the case of the Saami in Finland seldom occurred among the indigenous hunters, because socialist egalitarian policies and standardisation of products often provided equal access to the modernised equipment. Especially in the case of the Bikin River basin, where I did my field research, differentiation between the Russian and indigenous hunters was not observed. However, the delocalisation of the fundamental equipment and materials thoroughly deprived them of the alternatives that consisted of the more traditional and pre-modern equipment and techniques. This factor seriously influenced their social and economic conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

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