Autocratic Government Moderates the Relationship Between Culture and Legal Restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Chan ◽  
Lucian Gideon Conway
Keyword(s):  
Legal Systems ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Legal Restriction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Laws that restrict citizens exist in every form of government. Although previous research has shown that legal restriction is tied to culture-level variables such as collectivism, we propose and test a novel interactive model specifying that the culture-legal restriction relationship will depend on the level of democracy or autocracy present in the government. Specifically, legal restrictions in democracies should show more consistent relationships with culture-level variables because lawmakers in democracies are more directly accountable to the populace. In contrast, legal restrictions in autocracies should be less subject to influence by culture-level variables because lawmakers are less directly accountable to the populace. In our study, we tested this interactive model by examining if horizontal/vertical legal restrictions predict culture-level variables (wealth, urbanity, collectivism) differently for democracies versus autocracies. Results provide qualified support for the model: Especially for higher power tests with larger samples of nations, we found that the level of democracy/autocracy significantly moderated the relationship between culture-level variables and two different types of legal restriction. Also consistent with our model, the nature of these interactions generally revealed significant culture-legal restriction effects for democracies but not autocracies. Our results suggest that the path between culture and legal systems might take very different routes depending on level of autocracy or democracy in the ruling government.

The locals and the Rohingyas: Trapped with an uncertain future

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
Lailufar Yasmin ◽  
Sayeda Akther
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 26 August 2017 influx of the Rohingya community into Bangladesh, particularly in the Cox’s Bazar district, the country has been subjected to phenomenal challenges. While the initial issues were to arrange food and accommodation for a community who had no other option but to flee their homeland, gradually the nature of challenges diversified. This article identifies the relationship between the local community and the Rohingya community in the Cox’s Bazar district in the aftermath of the influx. While doing so, it unfolds different types of tension and difficulties that emerged in the area due to the Rohingya influx. It concludes that the influx has fundamentally affected and altered the lives of the locals, which must be taken into consideration by the Government of Bangladesh in its plans for this region.

Violence, Displacement, and Support for Internally Displaced Persons: Evidence from Syria

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110115
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Hartman ◽  
Benjamin S. Morse ◽  
Sigrid Weber
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

What is the legacy of war, violence, and displacement on altruism toward diverse populations suffering similar hardships today? Prior research suggests these hardships have the potential to increase empathy that can in turn motivate altruism across identity boundaries. We test this hypothesis using survey data collected in 2017 from over 2,000 Syrians living in rebel-held regions where many internally displaced persons (IDPs) sought refuge. We find that Syrians previously exposed to violence were more likely to host IDPs. Using a conjoint experiment to measure hosting preferences over different types of IDPs, we show that these individuals also preferred to host sick and vulnerable IDPs and outgroup IDPs from the Kurdish ethnic minority. However, they were less likely to host IDPs from the Christian minority, possibly due to their association with the government. These results suggest that empathy and politics both play an important role in shaping the relationship between violence, altruism, and intergroup behavior during conflict.

scholarly journals The Constitutional Status of the President of the Russian Federation in View of the Constitutional Reform in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Dzidzoev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the constitutional status of the President of the Russian Federation in the light of the latest constitutional amendments that marked a large-scale constitutional reform in Russia, analyzes the new powers of the head of state in the sphere of formation and functioning of state authorities by comparing the previous and new versions of the Basic law of Russia, common standards of a democratic and legal state. A special place in the article is occupied by the analysis of the relationship between the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, the constitutional formula of the General leadership of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. The study examines the participation of the President in the formation of the Federal Government in relation to the powers of the State Duma. It is noted that the new presidential powers from the position of a mixed (presidential-parliamentary) way of government may seem excessive, but they look natural from the perspective of the presidential form of government in Russia.

Human rights in Europe

Legal Studies ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Henry G. Schemers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Government Interference ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Government

Through the ages many common legal values have developed in western Europe. Notwithstanding the differences in legal systems there is a remarkable uniformity in the basic concepts of legal thinking. All western European states are democracies with constitutional restrictions to the power of the government. They all have similar defences against absolutism and one of these defences is the protection of fundamental human rights against government interference. The existence of such legal restrictions is a distinguishing feature of western European politico-legal development.

Capitalism, Microfinance and Democracy

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Sakshi Kharbanda
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Neoliberal Economics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The paper looks at the relationship between neoliberal thought of economics and microfinance. Applying the principles of embedded neoliberal economics to microfinance suggests that the government and markets do not exist in solidarity. They can both grow and sink together. Both are required to fulfill each other's requirements to sustain in a nation state. This paper suggests that market oriented economy, can be mediated through the government by bringing in changes to the institutions that can help markets grow and by also molding the nature of relationship it shares with the society. On the other hand, Markets have to incorporate the cultural, social and local knowledge to use it to their advantage. Economic sphere cannot work on its own regulations and by itself completely. The aim of neoliberal proponents shall not be to create same homogeneous conditions wherever they go to operate. Rather diversity should be studied closely to devise the best methods to deal with different contexts and societies. The paper first analyses the relationship between different types of capitals (Physical and Social) with Microfinance and development and then knits them together with the thread of democracy.

scholarly journals Tingkat Kewirausahaan Berbagai Pelaku Agribisnis di Wilayah Bogor

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Wasrob Nasruddin ◽  
Efri Junaidi ◽  
Achmad Musyadar ◽  
Dayat Dayat
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

The position of farmers as the main actors (on-farm) in agribusiness systems are generally in a weak position, even in many cases are in the weakest position. The aims of this paper are: (1) to know the level of entrepreneurship each subsystem agribusiness input, on-farm, marketing and agro-industry, and (2) to analyze the relationship between the level of entrepreneurial actors of agribusiness based on different subsystems and different types of commodities sought (crops and horticulture). The study was conducted in Bogor area in June 2013 to December 2013 with 108 respondents, consisting of 55 people in on-farm subsystem and 53 people on off-farm subsystem. The method of analysis performed is descriptive and non-parametric statistical analysis. The level of entrepreneurial agribusiness in general (regardless subsystems and commodities) showed that use of self-knowledge test tends in strong category (55%) and moderate (45%). A high percentage (> 50 %) in the strong category owned by the actors on the off-farm subsystem. Meanwhile, the level of entrepreneurship using of character test tends in the low category (63%) and relatively high (37%). This character test showed horticultural farmers tend to have entrepreneurial potential is higher than crops farmers. The level of entrepreneurship agribusiness based agribusiness subsystem (on-farm vs off-farm) showed a significant relationship to the significant level (α) of 25% on the in self-knowledge test, while the character test is not significant. Furthermore, based on different types of commodities (food vs horticulture), for the self-knowledge test showed no significant relationship, whereas the character test is significant at the significance level (α) 15%. This research can be the basis for choosing the farmer/group of farmers who will receive assistance from the government for success of government programs increase of farm productivity such PUAP and LM3 program.

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

A Comparative Overview of the Fair Wear and Tear Exception: the Duty of Holders of Temporary Interests to Preserve Property

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Raffaele Caterina
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

“A system of private ownership must provide for something more sophisticated than absolute ownership of the property by one person. A property owner needs to be able to do more than own it during his lifetime and pass it on to someone else on his death.”1 Those who own things with a long life quite naturally feel the urge to deal in segments of time. Most of the owner's ambitions in respect of time can be met by the law of contract. But contract does not offer a complete solution, since contracts create only personal rights. Certain of the owner's legitimate wishes can be achieved only if the law allows them to be given effect in rem—that is, as proprietary rights. Legal systems have responded differently to the need for proprietary rights limited in time. Roman law created usufruct and other iura in re aliena; English law created different legal estates. Every system has faced similar problems. One issue has been the extent to which the holder of a limited interest should be restricted in his or her use and enjoyment in order to protect the holders of other interests in the same thing. A common core of principles regulates the relationship between those who hold temporary interests and the reversioners. For instance, every system forbids holder of the possessory interest to damage the thing arbitrarily. But other rules are more controversial. This study focuses upon the rules which do not forbid, but compel, certain courses of action.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

Byelorussian Nationalism and Western Russianism: the Problem of Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.

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