Immobilizing Bactericides on Dental Resins via Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110265
Author(s):  
P. Thongthai ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
Y. Iwasaki ◽  
S. Noree ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pmma Resin ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

Polymerizable bactericides, such as quaternary ammonium compound–based monomers, have been intensively studied as candidates for immobilizing antibacterial components on dental resin. However, they predominantly exhibit a bacteriostatic behavior, rather than bactericidal, as the immobilized components are left with insufficient molecular movement to disrupt the bacterial surface structure through contact-mediated action. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to increase the density of the immobilized bactericide and enhance its antibacterial/antibiofilm properties by combining a surface-grafting technique with electron beam irradiation. A solution of the quaternary ammonium compound–based monomer, 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB), was coated on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin specimens at the concentrations of 30, 50, and 80 wt%. The coated resins were subsequently exposed to 10 MeV of electron beam irradiation at 50 and 100 kGy, followed by thermal stabilization at 60 °C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by inoculating a Streptococcus mutans suspension on the coated PMMA resin samples, which exhibited bactericidal effects even after 28 d of aging ( P < 0.05, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). Transmission electron microscopy and bacteriolytic activity evaluation revealed that the S. mutans cells had sustained membrane depolarization. Furthermore, the antibiofilm effects against S. mutans and bacteria collected from human saliva were assessed. The thickness and the percentage of membrane-intact cells of the S. mutans and multispecies biofilms formed on the MDPB-immobilized surfaces were significantly lower than the uncoated PMMA specimens, even after 28-d aging ( P < 0.05, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). Thus, the immobilization of antibacterial MDPB via electron beam irradiation induced rapid membrane depolarization, increasing membrane permeability and eventually causing cell death. Our strategy substantially enhances the antibacterial properties of the resinous materials and inhibits biofilm formation, therefore demonstrating significant potential for preventing infectious diseases in the oral environment.

scholarly journals UJI PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK GROWMORE PADA AKLIMATISASI TANAMAN ANGGREK Dendrobium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
GUSTI MARLINA ◽  
MARLINDA MARLINDA ◽  
HENI ROSNETI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

The research objective was determine the effect of various growth media and growmore fertilizer on the acclimatization of Dendrobium orchids. study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial consisting of 2 factors, the first is (M) of growing media which consists of 3 levels, namely: M1 (medium fern root), M2 (wood charcoal medium), M3 (coir media coconut) and the second is (G) growmore fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: G0 (without Growmore fertilizer), G1 (Growmore fertilizer 2 g / liter), G2 (fertilizer Growmore 4 g / liter), G3 (Growmore fertilizer 6 g / liter). Determine the growth of orchid plants, observations were made with the following parameters Growth Percentage (%), Plant Height (cm), Number of leaves (strands), and Number of tillers (stems). Data obtained were analyzed statistically, then continued with the Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the single treatment of the use of growing media did not have a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). The growth of growmore fertilizer also did not show a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). Interaction of the use of various growth media and growmore fertilizer did not show a significant effect on the percentage of growth (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems).

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY TYPE AND FIRM SIZE ON EXPORT BARRIERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Ramos SILVA ◽  
Mário FRANCO ◽  
André MAGRINHO
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Industry Effect ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Export Barriers ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

This study aims to explore the importance of export barriers and to achieve this by comparing different industry types and firm sizes. We performed a cross-sectional study of 529 Portuguese export firms drawn from the database held by a Portuguese Industrial Association – Business Confederation. From multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test, we conclude that the more important export barriers mentioned by the firms proved more external than internal. Our results also show that the service and retail trade sectors were the sectors reporting the greatest peculiarities regarding export barriers. Thus, we identify an “industry effect” as regards export barriers even while our findings do not indicate any “size effect”. Knowing the industry-specific export barriers enables companies not only to better coordinate and perform export processes but also to better anticipate the behaviour of their competitors. Other practical and theoretical implications will also be presented.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik Dalam Variasi Rasio Pati Umbi Talas (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)-Kitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Oktaviani Simarmata ◽  
Amna Hartiati ◽  
Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

This research aims to know the effect of variations in the ratio of taro-chitosan tuber starch to the characteristics of bioplastic composites and determine the ratio of taro-chitosan tuber starch that produces the best bioplastic composites. This research uses a Factorial Randomized Block design with taro-chitosan tuber starch ratio variation factor in  five level (40: 60%, 35: 65%, 30: 70%, 25: 75% and 20: 80%). The treatments which grouped into 3 based on the time of making bioplastics, so there are 15 experimental units. The observed variables which tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus young, swelling development, biodegradation and FTIR test. The obtained data were analyzed for diversity and continued with the Honestly Significant Difference test. The results showed that the variation of the taro-chitosan tuber starch ratio significantly affected the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus young, and swelling development but did not significantly affected the biodegradation of the bioplastic composites of taro-chitosan tuber starch. Variation of taro-chitosan tuber starch ratio 35: 65% produces the best bioplastic composite characteristics with tensile strength values 3.15 MPa, elongation at break 21.33%, modulus young of 14.87 MPa, swelling development test 29.69% and biodagradation ability for 13 days. FTIR analysis results show the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) alcoholic groups, (O-H) Carboxylic acid, (C = O) esters, (C - H) alkana,  (C=C) alkena , and hydrocarbons - (CH2) n.

scholarly journals Optimization Making Glucosamine Hydrochloride (HCl GlcN) of Crab Shell Waste through Chemical Hydrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfiana Nurjannah ◽  
Darmanto Darmanto ◽  
Ima Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Chemical Hydrolysis ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crab Shell Waste ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Treatment Concentration ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

<p>Processing of glucosamine from crab shell chitin can be done by chemical hydrolysis with hydrochloric<br />acid (HCl). The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of chitin immersion by various<br />concentrations of HCL toward glucosamine generated and the selected concentration of HCL to glucosamine<br />chemical hydrolysis process. The material used in this study is crab shells from Betahwalang village, Demak,<br />and the solvent is HCl and NaOH. Parameters are glucosamine yield, melting point, loss on drying (LoD),<br />PH and spectrum analysis with FTIR method. Research using experimental design completely randomized<br />design three times treatment with repetition. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA)<br />to determine the differences between treatments concentration of 27%, 32% and 37%. The selected were<br />tested with honestly significant difference test. The results showed differences in the concentration of HCl<br />used cause differences in the characteristics of the resulting glucosamine. The higher HCl concentrations<br />used, the lower the rendemen results and melting point. The selected HCL treatment concentration was at<br />27% observed from glucosamine yield (18.39%) and the melting point (192-195oC). The treatment of 37%<br />produces LoD (0.647%), pH (4.01) and spectrum glucosamine is an O-H group (3297.75/cm), the group of<br />N-H (1617.53/cm), the group of C-N (1394.94/cm).<br />Keywords: crab shells, chitin, melting point, glucosamine</p>

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN 2,4-D UNTUK INDUKSI KALUS KLON KAKAO UNGGUL SULAWESI 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianti Rasud ◽  
Moh. Habil ◽  
Tony Tony
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

ABSTRACT The multiplication of cocoa clones in conventional Sulawesi has not yet been able to fulfill the demand for large quantities of seeds because it is limited by the number of shoots and branches ready to be tapped, connected and oculated and takes longer to produce large quantities of seeds. One alternative in overcoming this problem is plant proragation using tussue culture techniques.  The aim of this experiment was to determine the appropriate of 2,4-D for callus induction of superior cocoa clones Sulawesi via in vitro culture.  This experiment used Completely Randomized Design with five treatments, namely 0.50 ppm 2,4-D, 0.75 ppm 2,4-D, 1.00 ppm 2,4-D, 1.25 ppm 2,4-D and 1.50 ppm 2,4-D.  Parameters observed consisted of the time, percentage, color and texture of calli.  Data was analized by using analysis of variance and differences between mean treatments were determined by Honestly Significant Difference Test at 5% level.  Results of this experiment indicated that the ability of different callus induction at various concentrations of 2,4-D for superior cocoa clones in Sulawesi 1 was tried.  it was obtained the quickest callus formation at concentration 0.50ppm 2,4-D namely average 4.22 WAC with the percentage of callus formation was up to 99,33%. Keywords: Callus Induction, Clones Sulawesi 1, 2,4-D ABSTRAK Perbanyakan klon kakao Sulawesi secara konvensional saat ini belum dapat memenuhi permintaan bibit dalam jumlah besar karena sangat dibatasi oleh jumlah tunas dan cabang yang siap disetek, disambung, dan diokulasi serta dibutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah besar. Salah satu alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan teknik kultur jaringan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh protokol yang tepat dalam menginduksi kalus sebagai upaya awal dalam perbanyakan tanaman kakao melalui embryogenesis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 level perlakuan yaitu 0,50 ppm 2,4-D, 0,75 ppm 2,4-D, 1,00 ppm 2,4-D, 1,25 ppm 2,4-D dan 1,50 ppm 2,4-D. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap saat muncul kalus, persentase eksplan berkalus, warna kalus dan tekstur kalus.  Data diolah dengan analisis ragam dan perbedaan antar perlakuan ditentukan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan induksi kalus berbeda pada berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D untuk klon kakao unggul Sulawesi 1 yang dicobakan. Saat muncul kalus paling cepat diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,5 ppm 2,4-D yaitu rata-rata 16,67 HST dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi mencapai 99,33%.  Selanjutnya, warna dan tekstur kalus yang dihasilkan yaitu remah putih dan remah kecoklatan. Kata Kunci: Induksi Kalus, Klon Sulawesi 1, 2,4-D.

Influence of the Fabrication Technique on the Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Ceramic Onlays

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Neto ◽  
GC Santos ◽  
MJMC Santos
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Press ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Internal Adaptation ◽  
Ceramic Restorations ◽  
Preparation Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of partial coverage crowns (ceramic onlays) fabricated with Press, CEREC BlueCam, and CEREC OmniCam systems, using two preparation designs and evaluating the internal discrepancies at different locations. Two phantom maxillary premolars (master teeth) received different preparation designs, with (BX) and without (NB) a modified occlusal box with round internal angles. Sixty IPS e-max ceramic restorations were fabricated with three systems: Press (n=20), CEREC BlueCam (n=20), and CEREC OmniCam (n=20). Both marginal and internal discrepancy width were measured by using a stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification. The data were evaluated statistically using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test (α=0.05). The ceramic restorations fabricated with the Press system presented significantly smaller marginal and internal disadaptations than the BlueCam and OmniCam CEREC systems (p&lt;0.0001). Regarding the preparation designs, preparation BX presented the smallest marginal discrepancies for all fabrication systems and larger internal discrepancies than for restorations fabricated with the Press system. The occlusal location presented a larger internal discrepancy compared with the axial locations. Although the three systems resulted in the fabrication of restorations within a clinically acceptable adaptation with marginal discrepancies below 100 μm, the Press system presented the smallest marginal and internal discrepancies. An improved marginal adaptation was observed in the preparation design with a modified occlusal box with rounded internal angles.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Bone Gelatin Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Processed by Using Hydrolysis With Phosphoric Acid and Papain Enzyme

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Gugun Hidayat ◽  
Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽  
Laras Rianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristic ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

<p>Phosphoric acid and papain enzyme able to hydrolyzing collagen from Tilapia into gelatin . The<br />purpose of this research was to determine the best concentration of phosphoric acid and papain enzyme<br />and to determine the physicochemical characteristic gelatin to from Tilapia fish bone which processed<br />with phosphoric acid and papain enzyme. The first research phase was making bone gelatin tilapia using<br />phosphoric acid at concentration of 4%, 5% and 6%, and the papain enzyme 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. The<br />second phase was characterize the physicochemical gelatin from the best concentration of phosphoric acid<br />concentration (6%) and papain enzyme (1.5%), all treatment done with three repetitions. Analysis of the<br />data using ANOVA with completely randomized (CRD) design If there was difference between treatment<br />then continued with Honestly Significant Difference Test (HSDT). The results of the first research phase<br />found the best concentration were 6% of phosphoric acid and 1.5% papain enzyme, its shows by the value<br />gel strength 325,95 and 373,32 g.bloom. The second research phase shows that the the best results obtained<br />in this study was gelatin from 1.5% papain enzyme as hydrolysis agent, the physicochemical characteristic<br />were: 376.21 g.bloom gel strength; viscosity of 7.57 cP; yield 6.30%; protein content of 86.46%; water content<br />of 7.12%; and the pH value of 5.11.<br />Keywords : gelatin, hydrolysis, papain enzyme, phosphoric acid, tilapia bones</p>

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