A History of Job-Based Alcoholism Programs: 1900–1955

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison M. Trice ◽  
Mona Schonbrunn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The early history of job-based alcoholism programs can be traced to efforts to eliminate alcohol from the workplace that were prevalent into the early years of the 20th Century, and to subsequent socio-economic factors which mandated a change in long-accepted behaviors and employer policies. Numerous forces, including World War II and its impact on the labor market, led to the need for rehabilitating alcoholics in the work force, a need recognized by a number of sensitive and innovative industrial physicians. Evidence supports the conclusion, however, that without the existence of Alcoholics Anonymous, and the dedication and almost super-human efforts of some of its members in developing and supporting the early programs, few of these programs would have survived. In an attempt to partially describe the events, forces, and individuals which were involved in the formative period of occupational alcoholism programs during the 1940's and 1950's, the authors have collected material from a variety of sources, including many first-hand accounts from persons directly concerned in early program development. It is hoped that this material will promote increasing interest in the history of job-based alcoholism programs and generate further input from sources that can contribute to knowledge about this movement which has had such a strong impact on the progress of alcoholism intervention practices.

The History of the Siemens Gas Turbine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Diakunchak ◽  
Hans Juergen Kiesow ◽  
Gerald McQuiggan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
History Of

Siemens gas turbine history can be traced back to the early years of World War II. The Westinghouse aero jet engine (J 30) and the Junkers JUMO 004 jet engine were the basis for the industrial gas turbines designed and manufactured by Westinghouse and Siemens / Kraftwerk-Union since World War II. KWU was formed in 1969 as a joint venture of AEG and Siemens and became wholly owned by Siemens in 1977. AEG worked with Junkers on the development of the Jumo 004 jet engine during the War. Westinghouse Power Generation was purchased by Siemens in 1998. This paper examines the history of those early gas turbines and traces the evolution of the modern Siemens gas turbine from that time. Details are also given of the latest Siemens gas turbine to enter into operation, the 340MW SGT5-8000H.

scholarly journals Leonard Hawkes, 6 August 1891 - 29 October 1981

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Igneous Petrology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Worker ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

Leonard Hawkes, during the past three decades one of the elder statesmen of British geology, was one of the few remaining leaders in the subject who received their training before World War I. A lifelong academic, he devoted his best years to the service of Bedford College in the University of London. A very active field-worker in early years, he became in his time a leading authority on the geology of Iceland, pursuing studies in volcanology, igneous petrology and glaciology. He served as a Secretary of the Geological Society of London for a long period at a critical stage in the history of that Society, and was later on its President. He will be remembered as one of the most amiable of characters in the post World War II scene.

The Early Years

Arthur Szyk ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Ansell
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World History ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
The Political ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
World War ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of

This chapter traces the early years of Arthur Szyk's life, from his birth to the early nineteenth century, before World War II began. He was born in Łódź, an industrial city in the Russian-dominated portion of Poland, in 1894. At the time Poland was not an intact, independent nation; it had been partitioned among Russia, Prussia, and Austria more than a century earlier. It was within this backdrop that the young Szyk began cultivating an interest in art. He also began to develop a passionate interest in history, both world history and the history of his people. More importantly, even at this very early age, Szyk saw the power of art within the political arena. The chapter tracks his early career in the arts during the early 1900s, and how he began to apply politics to his creative work as tensions between Poland and Russia reached their breaking point.

Rediscovering Victor Bator, founder of the New York Bartók Archives

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 349-372
Author(s):  
Carl Leafstedt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Business Law ◽  
World War ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
History Of

Bartók’s American estate dates its origins to 1943, when he entrusted his music manuscript collection to the care of two fellow Hungarian emigrés, Gyula Báron and Victor Bator, both then living in the United States. After his death in 1945 the estate devolved into their care, in accord with the legal provisions of the will. For the next 22 years it was carefully managed by Bator, a lawyer and businessman who lived in New York City for the rest of his life. The onset of Cold War politics in the late 1940s presented numerous challenges to the estate, out of which emerged the tangled thicket of rumor, litigation, misunderstanding, confusion, and personal animosity that has been the American Bartók estate’s unfortunate legacy since the 1950s.As one of Hungary’s most significant cultural assets located outside the country’s borders, the American Bartók estate has since 1981 been under the control and careful supervision of Peter Bartók, now the composer’s only remaining heir. All but forgotten is the role Victor Bator played in managing the estate during the difficult years after World War II, when its beneficiaries became separated by the Iron Curtain, setting in motion legal and emotional difficulties that no one in the immediate family could have predicted. Equally overlooked is the role he played in enhancing the collection to become the world’s largest repository of Bartók materials.A considerable amount of Bator’s personal correspondence related to the early years of the Bartók estate has recently come to light in the U.S. Together with U.S. court documents and information gleaned from recent interviews with Bator’s son, Francis Bator, still living in Massachusetts, and the late Ivan Waldbauer, we can now reconstruct with reasonable accuracy the early history of Bartók’s estate. A strikingly favorable picture of Bator emerges. Bartók, it turns out, chose his executors wisely. A cultivated and broadly learned man, by the late 1920s Victor Bator had gained recognition as one of Hungary’s most prominent legal minds in the field of international business and banking law. His professional experience became useful to the Bartók estate as the Communist party gradually took hold of Hungary after World War II, seizing assets and nationalizing property previously belonging to individual citizens. His comfort in the arena of business law also thrust him into prominence as a public advocate for increased fees for American composers in the late 1940s - a matter of tremendous urgency for composers of serious music at the time. By reconstructing Bator’s professional career prior to 1943 his actions as executor and trustee become more understandable. We gain new insight into a figure of tremendous personal importance for Bartók and his family.

History of radiotherapy in Poland. A brief outline of the problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Gryglewski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
First World War ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Radium Institute ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World ◽  
Research Centres

Abstract Objectives The aim of this paper is to give brief outline on the history of radiotherapy in Poland from its beginnings until first decades of the second half of 20th century. Methods The study is based on comparative and reconstructive analyses of literature, papers and communications dealing with the history of radiotherapy in Poland. Results The history of radiotherapy in Poland can be perceived as a gradual process of shaping research centres and practical (clinical) application of radiotherapeutics. The Radium Institute in Warsaw, as well as radiotherapy centers in  Poznań and Kraków gained key importance in the period up to the outbreak of World War II. After the end of the war, Gliwice became another important place for the history of the radiotherapy and oncology in Poland. Conclusions Radiotherapy was early recognized by Polish physicians as promising in clinical treatment. It should be a subject of further studies, especially when formative period, thus before First World War, is analysed.

EDITORIAL: HISTORY OF HAND SURGERY IN HONG KONG

Hand Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. v-viii
Author(s):  
Wing-Cheung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
World War ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The development of hand surgery in Hong Kong can be largely divided into three phases: the early years, the 1960s and 70s, and the present. In the immediate post-World War II years, incidence of infectious diseases was high; there were many patients with tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, leprosy and osteomyelitis. In the 1960s and 70s, the light industry revolution brought along many patients with serious hand injuries caused by machines. Dr Yen-Shui Tsao was the first local surgeon trained in hand surgery. Prof. SP Chow and Prof. PC Leung were the two pioneers who developed this subspecialty and microsurgery during that period. At present, with the change in economic environment, the disease pattern has also changed. Despite our heavy clinical involvement, we have been very active in academic researches. The Hong Kong Society for Surgery of Hand was formed in 1986. For the past 15 years, the society organized Workshops and Annual Congresses attended by overseas speakers, including surgeons from China. It also provided scholarships for Fellows of the Asia-Pacific countries. In addition, the society provided the participants with the chance to exchange ideas and forge friendships. Hong Kong has thus been and will continue to be the meeting point of the East and the West.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

Recasting Bourgeois Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Maier ◽  
Charles S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
European History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Economic Stabilization

The author, one of the most prominent contemporary scholars of European history, published this, his first book, in 1975. Based on extensive archival research, the book examines how European societies progressed from a moment of social vulnerability to one of political and economic stabilization. Arguing that a common trajectory calls for a multi country analysis, the book provides a comparative history of three European nations—France, Germany, and Italy—and argues that they did not simply return to a prewar status quo, but achieved a new balance of state authority and interest group representation. While most previous accounts presented the decade as a prelude to the Depression and dictatorships, the author suggests that the stabilization of the 1920s, vulnerable as it was, foreshadowed the more enduring political stability achieved after World War II. The immense and ambitious scope of this book, its ability to follow diverse histories in detail, and its effort to explain stabilization—and not just revolution or breakdown—have made it a classic of European history.

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