What is an ‘Intact’ Hymen? A Critique of the Literature

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity A Goodyear-Smith ◽  
Tannis M Laidlaw
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Lower Pole ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Relative Probability ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Physical Findings

The purpose of this study was to establish medicolegal guidelines based upon medical findings which support or refute allegations of sexual penetration, taking into account non-sexual explanations for positive physical findings. A review of the literature was undertaken to examine what has been determined about the range of usual findings which can be expected if the hymen has been penetrated. While a large body of literature is available on the topic, some findings are ambiguous, and further research is required to advance and clarify our knowledge base in these areas. In only a minority of non-acute cases can definitive statements be made as to whether an alleged molestation has occurred. A non-scarred hymen that will not admit a finger is ‘intact’; a hymenal opening accommodating two fingers or a vaginal speculum, with evidence of a deficit or scarring at the lower pole, indicates past sexual or, possibly, non-sexual penetration. Other findings are not definitive and, at best, can estimate only relative probability of occurrence of penetration. Findings within the normal range should be presented as ‘neither confirm nor deny abuse’, not ‘consistent with abuse’. Often, it is impossible to establish whether a hymen is ‘intact’ in regard to past sexual intercourse.

Congenital Clubfoot

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-531
Author(s):  
PAUL P. GRIFFIN
Keyword(s):  
Club Foot ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Congenital Clubfoot ◽  
Excellent Review ◽  
Congenital Form ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Illustrated Book

In this short, well written and illustrated book the author gives an excellent review of the literature related to the etiology and pathology of the congenital form of clubfoot. In the first part of the book he clearly describes the physical findings one would see in clubfeet of varying degrees of severity. The remainder of the book is devoted to techniques and principles of treatment, several of which are only of historical interest. Doctor Hauser describes a method for the treatment of congenital club-foot which in his hands has given uniformly excellent results over a period of 23 years

Phenytoin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D Holtzer ◽  
Lori A Reisner-Keller
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Postoperative Evaluation ◽  
Platelet Destruction ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Case Summary

Objective To describe a patient with severe thrombocytopenia induced by the administration of phenytoin for prevention of seizures. A review of the literature supplements this case description to alert clinicians to this potentially serious hematologic reaction. Case Summary A woman who had experienced two seizures was prescribed phenytoin to prevent seizure recurrence. Further evaluation revealed a tumor, which was resected, and phenytoin was continued. Thrombocytopenia was noted 15 days after initiation of phenytoin, which was replaced with phenobarbital. Platelet transfusion and administration of intravenous immune globulin were used to treat her thrombocytopenia. Platelets were within the normal range by day 8 after the operation. Discussion Phenytoin has been reported to induce various hematologic reactions, including thrombocytopenia. An intermediate epoxide metabolite of phenytoin is suspected as the cause of platelet destruction, which may occur via a complement-antibody reaction. Our patient experienced some confusion as a possible consequence of her thrombocytopenia, but no long-term sequelae followed. Conclusions Due to widespread use of phenytoin, clinicians must recognize the potential for the rare but serious adverse effect of thrombocytopenia, particularly in the neurosurgical population. Confusion, as observed in our patient, makes postoperative evaluation of central nervous system and cognitive function difficult, and can obscure the clinical presentation. At its worst extreme, disruption of platelet function may produce cerebral hemorrhage, which results in long-term functional deficits.

Predicting the Outcome of Union Certification Elections: A Review of the Literature

ILR Review ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert G. Heneman ◽  
Marcus H. Sandver
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Certification Elections ◽  
Election Studies

This paper reviews the large body of literature examining the outcomes of NLRB certification elections. The authors first review the major patterns of the research conducted to date and then analyze twenty-nine studies in depth. These studies exemplify the range of methodologies used and results obtained within each of the two major kinds of election studies: those analyzing data gathered from individual voters and those analyzing NLRB data on election units. The review concludes with an appraisal of the current state of research on election outcomes and with policy recommendations for labor, management, and government representatives.

scholarly journals Treatment of Primary Fetal Hydrothorax with OK-432 (Picibanil): Outcome in 14 Fetuses and a Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke O''Brien ◽  
Greg Kesby ◽  
Robert Ogle ◽  
Ingrid Rieger ◽  
Jon A. Hyett
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Alfred Hospital ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaires

Background: Primary fetal hydrothorax (PFHT) is an uncommon condition with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 10,000/15,000 pregnancies. Therapeutic interventions include thoracocentesis, thoraco-amniotic shunting (TAS), and pleurodesis using OK-432. Methods: A review of the literature was performed to identify all cases of PFHT treated with TAS and OK-432. All cases of PFHT referred to the Fetal Maternal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. In the cohort of fetuses treated with OK-432, the main perinatal outcomes evaluated were termination of pregnancy, live birth, neonatal death, and fetal death in utero. Secondary outcomes included gestational age (GA) at diagnosis, GA at treatment, GA at resolution, birth weight, and GA at birth. The development of the children was screened using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Version 3 (ASQ-3, 2009). Results: Primary hydrothorax was diagnosed in 31 fetuses, of which 14 had treatment with OK-432. One pregnancy terminated after treatment with OK-432. Survival was 85% (11/13): 100% in fetuses treated with OK-432 without hydrops, and 78% in those treated with hydrops. This compares well to the cases of TAS in the literature with an average survival of 63%: 85% in fetuses without hydrops and 55% with hydrops. The mean GA at birth was 36+4 weeks and mean birth weight 3,007 g. Eight of the 9 children screened with ASQ-3 scored well within the normal range. Conclusion: OK-432 appears to be a valid treatment option in fetuses with PFHT, particularly in those diagnosed at early GAs.

Women in Sport and Physical Education: A Review of the Literature in Selected Journals

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-49
Author(s):  
Robyn S. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Education Literature ◽  
Sport Pedagogy ◽  
Women In Sport ◽  
Physical Educator

The purpose of the paper was to review the physical education literature in selected journals with regard to women’s issues. The review was inclusive of the years 1972 to 1991 and focused on five prominent publications in physical education: Research Quarterly, a journal which presents current research in the different knowledge base areas in physical education (exercise physiology, biomechanics, sport pedagogy, etc.); The Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance, a journal which features articles for the practitioner in physical education; Quest, a journal which is a publication of an association of physical educators in higher education; The Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, which focuses on pedagogy in physical education; and The Physical Educator, a journal which is a publication of Phi Epsilon Kappa, a fraternal organization in physical education.

Sixty years of research on leadership in Africa: A review of the literature

Leadership ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Fourie ◽  
Suzanne C van der Merwe ◽  
Ben van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The One

This paper reviews peer-reviewed research on leadership in Africa published from 1950 to 2009. The review has a dual purpose. On the one hand, it provides scholars with an entry point to the relatively large body of historical literature by means of a descriptive diachronic analysis of the literature. On the other hand, it also applies a synchronic analysis, and concludes with four interpretative statements on the scholarship on leadership in Africa. These statements are: (i) Scholarship on leadership in Africa has changed, and the change is lopsided; (ii) Female scholars are increasing, and they work on different themes from male scholars; (iii) Legitimacy remains a key issue, and continues to evolve; (iv) Authenticity has become a key issue and is now closely related to reclaiming African values.

Congenital Bilateral Shoulder Dimples in a Newborn Case report and Review of the literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Amin N A Soofi ◽  
◽  
Ola Abdelhadi ◽  
Abdelhadi Abdelhadi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Pattern ◽  
New Born ◽  
Dominant Pattern ◽  
Normal Baby

Congenital Acromial or Shoulder dimples are cutaneous depressions overlying the acromial process of the scapula. They are usually bilateral and symmetrical. Isolated biacromial dimples are usually benign and warrant no further investigations. Family history in an autosomal dominant pattern, as in our case, is frequently obtainable but the majority of isolated bilateral shoulder dimples are sporadic. There are few reports of syndromic associations as well as two cases of associated maternal cocaine abuse. Our case is a term female neonate who was noted on routine new-born check to have bilateral symmetrical shoulder dimples. She was otherwise healthy, had normal range of shoulder movements and was not dysmorphic. On further assessment it transpired the father has the same bilateral shoulder dimples but was not aware of their existence. No further investigations were carried out. This case add to the few reported cases of Biacromial Dimples with autosomal pattern of inheritance in an otherwise normal baby

scholarly journals Severe Anxiety Post-COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Maggie Driscoll ◽  
Jason Gu
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Severe Anxiety

COVID-19 infection is linked to increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis and suicidal ideation/behavior. After further review of the literature, there is not a large body of data on anxiety following COVID-19 infection. Most literature found is related to fear/anxiety of contracting and dying from COVID-19. We illustrate a case of a 27-year-old male with no previous psychiatric treatment history or symptomology, who developed severe anxiety with intrusive thoughts of self-harm via firearm after COVID-19 infection. Given the severe nature of the anxiety and intrusive thoughts, the patient feared for his safety and sought acute inpatient admission. The patient was effectively treated with group therapy and psychotropic medications and was able to be discharged in a timely manner with outpatient psychiatric follow-up. Much is still unknown of COVID-19. With this case report, we discuss a potential relationship between anxiety and COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Swiss study suggests condom use not necessary for some HIV-positive patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Eurosurveillance editorial team
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Large Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
The World ◽  
Aids Virus ◽  
Health Organization

The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a joint statement on 1 February regarding the use of condoms as a measure of protection against the AIDS virus [1]. The statement followed an article by Switzerlands Federal AIDS Commission, which reviewed a large body of literature to conclude that certain HIV-positive people may be able to have sexual intercourse with their seronegative partners without risk of transmitting the virus.

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