Separate Roles for State and Trait Anxiety in the Formation of SHU Syndrome: Testing a Moderated Mediation Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 003288552110691
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Group Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mediation Hypothesis ◽  
Male Inmates

It has been proposed that state anxiety, aroused when an inmate is initially placed in restrictive housing, interacts with the sequestering Special Housing Unit (SHU) environment to overtax the individual's already limited coping resources, and promotes later emotional problems and psychological deterioration. This study tested a SHU syndrome hypothesis with a moderated mediation path analysis of 69 male inmates. Results revealed that group status (general population vs. restrictive housing) interacted with state anxiety to increase trait anxiety and ineffective coping, which then gave rise to higher staff ratings of psychological disturbance in inmates with no prior history of mental illness.

Psychological Predictors of Injury among Professional Soccer Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 5-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Devantier
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Sport Injuries ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
History Of

Psychological Predictors of Injury among Professional Soccer Players Objectives: Numerous empirical studies suggest that specific psychological factors influence the frequency and severity of sport injuries. The main purpose of the present study is to outline the psychological factors, which predict increased injury vulnerability among professional male soccer players in Denmark. Based on the Stress-Injury Model by Williams & Anderson (1998) it is hypothesized that low coping resources, high competitive trait anxiety, and history of previous injuries would be positively related to an increased risk of injury occurrence and severity. Methods: The soccer players (N = 87) were asked to report history of previous injuries within the last 12 months. Furthermore, 2 questionnaires were used; Competitive Trait Anxiety Test, and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory - 28 (ACSI-28). Injuries were prospectively recorded throughout a period of approximately 3 months by the team's medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists). Results: Study findings clearly suggest that history of previous injury and coping with adversity are the best predictors of injury occurrence. These factors explained between 7 % and 11 % of the total variance of injury occurrence and days lost due to injury respectively. Furthermore, the same variables were found very successful in prediction injury occurrence. Conclusions: The findings support the suggestions that psychological factors can be utilized as a predictive measurement to sport injuries, which should be considered by coaches and medical staff in order to reduce vulnerability to injury.

Parental anxiety among children undergoing cardiac catheterisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kobayashi ◽  
Daniel R. Turner ◽  
Thomas J. Forbes ◽  
Sanjeev Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Cardiac Catheterisation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Score

AbstractBackgroundParents may experience anxiety and stress when their children undergo cardiac catheterisation. The goal of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in parents of children undergoing cardiac catheterisation and to identify factors that were associated with level of anxiety.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of parents of children who underwent cardiac catheterisation. Anxiety levels were measured using a validated self-report questionnaire – State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which generates state anxiety scores on the current state of anxiety and trait anxiety scores on the stable aspects of anxiety proneness. One sample t-test was used to compare the data with normative data. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the factors associated with the state score.ResultsA total of 113 parents completed the survey. The mean age of parents was 34.0±7.7 years and the mean age of children undergoing catheterisation was 6.7±5.7 years. Compared with normative data, mean state score was significantly higher in our cohort (p<0.05) despite no difference in the trait score. Final multivariate model showed that the state score was significantly associated with child age group (<1 year [coefficient β 7.2] and 10–18 years [6.3], compared to 1 to <10 years of age [reference]) and history of previous catheterisation (−5.2) (p<0.05).ConclusionsConcurrent state anxiety level was high among parents of children undergoing cardiac catheterisation, whereas trait anxiety level was not. Higher anxiety was experienced by parents of infants and adolescents without a history of previous catheterisation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Classical Music on Anxiety and Well-Being of University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Devrim ERGINSOY OSMANOĞLU ◽  
Hüseyin YILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Senior Students ◽  
The Universe

Psychological and spiritual effects of music on people have been revealed by various studies and still continue to be investigated. The sound which has existed since the first formation of the universe; and music and music therapy which are as old as the history of mankind have constituted one of the treatment methods widely investigated at hospitals and universities. In the daily lives of people, anxiety, stress, well-being and similar phenomena clearly remain in the foreground. The current study is an experimental study designed to determine the effect of listening to classical music on anxiety and well-being. The sampling of the study is comprised of senior students in an education faculty. A total of 15 students (7 females and 8 males) participated in the current study. The data were collected with the State-Trait Anxiety Scale and the Psychological Well-being Scale. In the analysis of the data, Paired Sample t-Test was used. The findings of the current study have revealed that while listening to classical music for a 60-day period (listening to classical music ever day according to a music listening schedule) did not have any significant effect on the students’ State Anxiety scores, it led to a statistically significant effect on their Trait Anxiety and Psychological Well-being scores (t=3,451 P

A-173 Clinical Cutoffs on the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Concussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1228
Author(s):  
Melissa Womble ◽  
Sabrina Jennings ◽  
Philip Schatz ◽  
R J Elbin
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Objective The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a widely used measure of state anxiety with a proposed raw score cutoff of &gt;40 denoting probable clinical levels of anxiety. The mean score for high school aged individuals is approximately 40, corresponding with the 56th (male) and 51st (female) percentiles. The use of this cutoff classifies approximately 50% of individuals with clinically significant anxiety. In contrast, empirically based cut-offs (e.g., 1SD above the mean), classifies a more appropriate percentage of cases. The purpose of this study was to document the percentage of patients surpassing the proposed clinical cutoffs for the STAI using traditional and empirically based cutoffs in concussed high school athletes. Methods Participants were 273 concussed high school athletes (15.89 ± 1.1 yrs) who completed the STAI (Form Y-1) at their first clinical visit within 2–30 days of injury. Participants with a personal history of anxiety were excluded. The percentage of participants exceeding current clinical cutoffs for the STAI (i.e., &gt;40) and exceeding &gt;1, &gt;1.5, and &gt; 2 SD were calculated using high school normative data. Results Overall, 37% of participants exceeded the proposed raw score cutoff (&gt;40) for the STAI. Approximately 12%, 4%, and 2% of participants exhibited STAI scores that exceeded &gt;1, &gt;1.5, and &gt; 2 SD respectively. Conclusions The proposed cutoff score of &gt;40 for the STAI is overly inclusive and not appropriate for identifying probable clinical levels of state anxiety in concussed adolescent athletes. Use of empirically based cutoffs is more appropriate when attempting to identify clinically significant anxiety post-concussion.

scholarly journals A-01 Comparing State Anxiety Between Concussed Athletes with and without a History of Sport Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-597
Author(s):  
M Anderson ◽  
A J Zynda ◽  
K M Petit ◽  
C P Tomczyk ◽  
T Covassin
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Objective To compare state anxiety between concussed athletes with and without a history of sport related concussion (SRC). Method This study utilized a cross-sectional design. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered to athletes within 72 hours of SRC diagnosis. The STAI is a subjective, 40-item inventory that assesses state and trait anxiety; however, this study only examined the state anxiety component. Participants reported how they were feeling at the moment of testing on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so). State anxiety scores range from 20–80, with higher scores indicating higher levels of state anxiety. An independent samples t-test was used to compare state anxiety between concussed athletes with and without a history of SRC. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; .05. Results A total of 104 (18.12 ± 2.5 years; male = 65, female = 39) high school (n = 36) and collegiate (n = 68) athletes completed the STAI within 72 hours of SRC. Fifty-nine (56.7%) concussed athletes had no history of SRC and 45 (43.3%) athletes had a history of one or more SRCs. There was no significant difference in state anxiety between concussed athletes with (37.64 ± 9.22) and without (38.47 ± 9.44) a history of SRC (p = .65). Conclusions This study suggests that concussion history does not affect state anxiety after SRC. However, clinicians should continue to assess emotional changes after SRC in order to best manage and treat SRC.

Effects of Fear Induction on Heart Period Variability

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Stark ◽  
Alfons Hamm ◽  
Anne Schienle ◽  
Bertram Walter ◽  
Dieter Vaitl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heart Period Variability ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Period Variability

Abstract The present study investigated the influence of contextual fear in comparison to relaxation on heart period variability (HPV), and analyzed differences in HPV between low and high anxious, nonclinical subjects. Fifty-three women participated in the study. Each subject underwent four experimental conditions (control, fear, relaxation, and a combined fear-relaxation condition), lasting 10 min each. Fear was provoked by an unpredictable aversive human scream. Relaxation should be induced with the aid of verbal instructions. To control for respiratory effects on HPV, breathing was paced at 0.2 Hz using an indirect light source. Besides physiological measures (HPV measures, ECG, respiration, forearm EMG, blood pressure), emotional states (pleasure, arousal, dominance, state anxiety) were assessed by subjects' self-reports. Since relaxation instructions did not have any effect neither on the subjective nor on the physiological variables, the present paper focuses on the comparison of the control and the fear condition. The scream reliably induced changes in both physiological and self-report measures. During the fear condition, subjects reported more arousal and state anxiety as well as less pleasure and dominance. Heart period decreased, while EMG and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to increase. HPV remained largely unaltered with the exception of the LF component, which slightly decreased under fear induction. Replicating previous findings, trait anxiety was negatively associated with HPV, but there were no treatment-specific differences between subjects with low and high trait anxiety.

State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory State Anxiety Scale--Parent Version

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Shain ◽  
Maryland Pao ◽  
Mary V. Tipton ◽  
Sima Zadeh Bedoya ◽  
Sun J. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Parent Version

How athletes coped with COVID-19 restrictions: differences between Switzerland and Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Sport Facilities

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis of unprecedented scale in modern times. The initial outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan spread rapidly, affecting other parts of China and soon other countries becoming a global threat. [1] On 11 March 2020, the WHO has declared the ‘Pandemic state’ calling the governments to take ‘urgent and aggressive action’ to delay and mitigate the peak of infection. To respond to COVID-19 public health experts and government officials are taking several measures, including social distancing, self-isolation, or quarantine; strengthening health facilities to control the disease; and asking people to work at home. To safeguard the health of athletes and others involved all forms of organized sport have been either cancelled or postponed. These range from mass participation events such as marathon races to football league and even to the Olympics and Paralympics that for the first time in the history of the modern games, have been postponed, and will be held in 2021. All sport in Italy had been suspended from early March and from April the lockdown measures had been extended to the training session for professional and non-professional athletes within all sport facilities. Unlike Italy, the Swiss government has not imposed a general curfew so athletes continued to train outdoor although training in a group was forbidden. [2,3] Some athletes in this situation will be able to build on existing coping resources while others athletes may experience psychological symptoms including fear of being infected, anxiety of physical recovery if infected, disturbed sleep, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and family conflicts.

High Risk of One-year Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Younger Age and Prior History of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Der Lee ◽  
Ya-Han Hu ◽  
Meng Lee ◽  
Yen-Chu Huang ◽  
Ya-Wen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Recurrent ischemic strokes increase the risk of disability and mortality. The role of conventional risk factors in recurrent strokes may change due to increased awareness of prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk factors besides conventional ones which may help to affect the advances in future preventive concepts associated with one-year stroke recurrence (OSR). Methods: We analyzed 6,632 adult patients with ischemic stroke. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without OSR were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. Results: Among the study population, 525 patients (7.9%) had OSR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.025 – 1.506), age (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.007 - 1.023), and a prior history of ischemic stroke (OR 1.331, 95% CI 1.096 – 1.615) were major factors associated with OSR. CART analysis further identified age and a prior history of ischemic stroke were important factors for OSR when classified the patients into three subgroups (with risks of OSR of 8.8%, 3.8%, and 12.5% for patients aged > 57.5 years, ≤ 57.5 years/with no prior history of ischemic stroke, and ≤ 57.5 years/with a prior history of ischemic stroke, respectively). Conclusions: Male sex, age, and a prior history of ischemic stroke could increase the risk of OSR by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and CART analysis further demonstrated that patients with a younger age (≤ 57.5 years) and a prior history of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of OSR.

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