Homonegative Attitudes and their Correlates Among Vietnamese College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-860
Author(s):  
Toan Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Kenichi Kimura ◽  
Yasuko Morinaga
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽  
Masculinity Ideology ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Traditional Masculinity

This study investigated sex differences in homonegativity and their correlates among 197 Vietnamese college students (males = 49, females = 148, M = 20.9 years, SD = 2.9) in Ho Chi Minh City. The survey included Vietnamese-language versions of four scales measuring attitudes toward homosexuality (ATHS), traditional masculinity ideology, knowledge of homosexuality, and contact experiences with homosexuals. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a 3-factor structure for the ATHS: Homonegativity, Tolerance, and Positive Images. Male respondents reported significantly higher scores on homonegativity. Traditional masculinity ideology was positively related to females’ homonegativity, but negatively correlated with tolerant attitudes of both males and females. Knowledge about homosexuality was negatively correlated with homonegativity. Media contact with homosexuals was negatively correlated with males’ homonegativity, but positively correlated with both females and males’ tolerant attitudes. Results suggest that future research develop a new scale to measure Vietnamese’s homonegativity and that media contact as well as ample and accurate knowledge about homosexuality can alter homonegativity.

Development and validation of men's sexualizing behaviors of women scale

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dominique A. Malebranche
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Task Force Report ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Sexualization has been posited to be a part of a larger process of socialization with negative implications (APA, 2010; Ward, 2016). Recent reviews of gender-based violence and exploitation have focused on important elements that highlight the impact of the pervasive experiences of sexual objectification and sexual commodification on women and girls, but relatively limited literature has explored domains of men's sexualizing behaviors. Using the theoretical domains outlined in the APA Task Force Report on the Sexualization of Girls (APA, 2010), the present study developed and validated a measure of men's sexualizing behaviors toward women (MSBWS) on a sample of 308 adult males (ages 18-34). Using exploratory factor analysis, results indicated three-factors that defined the MSBWS: Covert, Commodified, and Overt Sexualization. Analyses also revealed the MSBWS to have high reliability for the overall scale as well as the three subscales. Evidence for construct validity was revealed in significant correlations with all criterion variables (e.g., attitudes of sexual objectification, traditional masculinity and sexual aggression) and suggest broad implications that men's sexualizing behaviors is a measurable construct. Future research may further validate the MSBWS using confirmatory factor analysis on independent samples and examine relevant variables of the possible harm of sexualizing behaviors.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Substance Use Disorders: A Neurobiological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cornish ◽  
Asheeta A. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Clinical studies provide fundamental knowledge of substance use behaviors (substance of abuse, patterns of use, relapse rates). The combination of neuroimaging approaches reveal correlation between substance use disorder (SUD) and changes in neural structure, function, and neurotransmission. Here, we review these advances, placing special emphasis on sex specific findings from structural neuroimaging studies of those dependent on alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, psychostimulants, or opioids. Recent clinical studies in SUD analyzing sex differences reveal neurobiological changes that are differentially impacted in common reward processing regions such as the striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, and corpus collosum. We reflect on the contribution of sex hormones, period of drug use and abstinence, and the potential impact of these factors on the interpretation of the reported findings. With the overall recognition that SUD impacts the brains of females and males differentially, it is of fundamental importance that future research is designed with sex as a variable of study in this field. Improved understanding of neurobiological changes in males and females in SUD will advance knowledge underlying sex-specific susceptibility and the neurobiological impact in these disorders. Together these findings will inform future treatments that are tailor designed for improved efficacy in females and males with SUD.

Sex Differences in the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Self-Disclosure

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Domelsmith ◽  
James T. Dietch
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existing Data

Previous research suggests that there should be a negative correlation between Machiavellianism (Mach) and willingness to reveal things about oneself. However, existing data are unclear and contradictory, especially regarding differences between males and females. College students (48 male, 77 female) completed measures of both Machiavellianism and self-disclosure, and the two sets of scores were correlated. As expected, Mach was significantly correlated with unwillingness to self-disclose among males. For the females, however, Mach was significantly correlated with willingness to disclose. The two correlations are significantly different. Culturally defined differences in the goals of men and women may account for the results. According to current stereotypes, men are oriented toward individual achievement, while die goals of women are more “social,” being popular, nurturant, skilled at getting along with others, etc. Women who accept these goals and who are willing to employ manipulative (Machiavellian) tactics to achieve them could use self-disclosure effectively, while it would be an ineffective strategy for men.

Dimensions of Profanity

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Mabry
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Personal Use

The purpose of the study was to investigate the dimensions of profane language use by 283 college students. Responses to a questionnaire on personal use of “sexual vernacular” were submitted to factor analysis. Results of the factor analysis yielded five dimensions of profane language based upon predispositions to use such words. The five dimensions were labeled: Abrasive, Technical, Abrasive-Expletive, Latent, and Euphemistic. Results are discussed in terms of past and future research needs.

scholarly journals Civic Intentions and Actions: Exploring Civic Engagement among College Students in Mainland China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Civic Attitudes

For the study discussed in this article, the authors developed a survey instrument to assess civic engagement among college students in China. Derived from focus-group interviews and extant literature on civic engagement, the survey was administered to 587 students from three universities in Southern China. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a randomly split-half sample, and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the other split-half sample to evaluate measurement structure and measurement invariance of the survey. A total of 22 items were included in the final measurement model. The authors identified five first-order factors from the survey (i.e., helping others, community service, acting on social problems, civic salience, and civic responsibilities), which loaded on two second-order factors (i.e., civic actions and civic attitudes). The authors also tested measurement invariance across male and female participants in the sample. Implications of the second-order factor structures and measurement invariance in future research on civic engagement in China are discussed.

Sex Differences in Romantic Love Attitudes among College Students

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Cimbalo ◽  
Deora O. Novell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Love Attitudes

Previous research, using factor analysis, derived seven dimensions of romantic love. We sought to address whether these dimensions differed in importance for women and men. Specifically, it was hypothesized that women would consider Marriage and Family, Traditional Romantic Behavior, Routine Activities, and Religion, and men would consider Sexual Behavior, Aberrant Sex, and Drugs as more romantic. These specific predictions were seen as consistent with the ‘double standard’ regarding sex, i.e., it should be more important for men, and with an earlier theory we developed in which it was argued that in addition to the ‘double standard’ for sex, security-related stimuli should be more important for women. The results were entirely consistent with our predictions.

Comparison: Attitudes toward Homosexuality of International and American College Students

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Lippincott ◽  
Brian Wlazelek ◽  
Lisa J. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽  
American Students ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

Using the Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals to study the attitudes of 34 Asian students and 32 American students toward lesbians and gay men showed these Asian students were more likely to harbor homophobic attitudes than these American students. There were no significant sex differences between groups.

Sex differences in humor experiences in relationship to compassion for oneself and for others

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-359
Author(s):  
Abygail Kosiara ◽  
Deirdre Katz ◽  
Sarina Saturn
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThis study explored how multifaceted facets of humor relate to sex differences and compassion for oneself, others, and the environment (Ntotal = 697; 57.5% female). We utilized the Dispositional Positive Emotions ‘amusement’ subscale (DPES-H), the Humor Styles Questionnaire Self-Enhancing Dimension (HSQ-SE), and the COPE Inventory to assess ‘coping humor’ (COPE-CH) and found that males report significantly higher scores of these humor constructs when compared to females. Considering previous research indicating that humor may be used to enhance oneself and relationships with others, we compared all three humor measures in males and females with reports of self-compassion, other-oriented compassion, and altruistic environmental concern. Interestingly, we found that all three humor scales are significantly related to the multi-faceted measure of self-compassion, the DPES ‘compassion’ subscale (DPES-C), and the environmental concern scale, but specific significant correlations vary according to sex. Altogether, this study explores sex differences in humor experiences and illustrates that women’s experiences with coping humor, DPES humor, and self-enhancing humor are significantly correlated with reports of compassion for oneself and others while men’s experiences with coping humor, DPES humor, and self-enhancing humor are significantly correlated with altruistic environmental concern. Potential basis for these correlations and implications for future research in light of these sex differences and similarities will be discussed.

PERCEPTION OF THE ARGUMENTATIVENESS TRAIT IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP SITUATIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth M. Waggenspack ◽  
Wayne E. Hensley
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Interpersonal Situations

The desired association with argumentative or nonargumentative individuals in interpersonal relationships was assessed utilizing the Infante and Rancer (1982) scale of argumentativeness. Seven potential areas of social interaction were presented to college students (N = 420) to judge their likelihood of desired interaction with an argumentative or nonargumentative person. Factor analysis revealed two primary dimensions: “social-emotional,“ involving heavy reliance on social interaction, and “negotiator/ombudsman,” requiring interaction where one might serve as agent for another. Results indicated that these two dimensions account for almost half (48%) the variance of the decisional structure used in opting to associate with argumentative or nonargumentative others. There was a preference for association with a nonargumentative person in situations, which are low in conflict and nonaggressive. Also, males and females respond in a similar fashion in reporting their preferences to associate with argumentative or nonargumentative persons in various interpersonal situations.

Sex Differences in Carrying Behavior

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Jenni
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Males And Females

Males and females differ in their methods of carrying books. Females wrap one or both arms around their books, which they clasp against the body. Males carry their books in one hand at the side of the body. Sex differences in carrying behavior occur in college students, high school students, and heterogeneous adult populations which include elderly people. These differences are widespread in the United States and are found in college students in other cultures. Both male and female college students are individually consistent in their use of sex-typical carrying methods, but males are much more consistent than females. Although size of load affects the sex-typical book-carrying behavior of some females, it has no effect on males' carrying. Males who carried books atypically for their sex scored differently on psychological tests from those who carried typically. This difference was not found in females. There does not seem to be a simple explanation for the sex differences in book-carrying behavior, but psychological, social and cultural, and various biological factors all appear to be involved.

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