Attachment as a Core Feature of Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Darling Rasmussen ◽  
Ole Jakob Storebø ◽  
Trine Løkkeholt ◽  
Line Gaunø Voss ◽  
Yael Shmueli-Goetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Random Variation

Background Research has pointed to secure attachment as a possible key factor of resilience in adulthood. Objective We aimed to investigate the role of secure attachment as a potential core feature in the properties of resilience. Methods We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines followed by a meta-analysis. Results Thirty-three studies were included in the review, and 10 of these, including 2305 subjects, were used for meta-analysis. The raw correlation coefficients ranged from .20 to .57, which indicated weak to moderate correlations between resilience and attachment. The synthesized correlation coefficients indicated that the correlations were significant and highly unlikely to be due to random variation. All studies are also reported on qualitatively. Conclusions In both of our meta-analyses and in the narratively reported studies, we found that secure attachment is associated with the presence of resilience.

scholarly journals Antiphospholipid Antibody and Recurrent Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3728-3732
Author(s):  
Yerim Kim ◽  
Soo Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Review Manager

Background and Purpose: Although aPLs (antiphospholipid antibodies) are associated with thrombotic events, especially in young patients, the role of aPLs in recurrent ischemic strokes (RIS) is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between aPLs and RIS. Methods: The systematic review was conducted by a computer-assisted search of literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library published in English or Korean from 1990, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA). Review Manager 5.3 software was used for statistical analyses. Results: Of the 2272 identified articles, 8 studies were included (2510 subjects; 844 aPL positive). The meta-analysis revealed a relative risk of aPLs for RIS of 1.41 (95% CI, 0.91–2.17; I 2 =54%). In the subgroup analysis, age <50 years, ethnicity, and type of aPL did not increase the risk of RIS. Conclusions: We found that aPLs are not an independent predictor for RIS in adults. However, considering the nonstandardized disease criteria, further well-designed prospective trials should be considered to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Persuasive Design in Unguided ICBT for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Cameron McCall ◽  
Heather D Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
Christopher Richard Francis Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses

BACKGROUND Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment that can overcome barriers to care. Various research groups have suggested that unguided ICBT (i.e., ICBT without therapist support) and other eHealth interventions can be designed in ways that enhance user engagement and thus outcomes. The persuasive systems design framework captures most design recommendations for eHealth interventions, but there is little empirical support that persuasive design is related to clinical outcomes in unguided ICBT. OBJECTIVE One objective of this study was to provide an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety. Another objective was to describe the use of persuasive design in such interventions. A third objective was to employ meta-regression to explore whether a greater number of persuasive design elements predicts efficacy in unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of five databases to find randomized controlled trials of unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety. We conducted separate random-effects meta-analyses and separate meta-regressions for depression and anxiety interventions. Each meta-regression included two steps. The first step included, as a predictor, whether each intervention was transdiagnostic. For the meta-regression of ICBT for depression, the first step also included the type of control condition. The number of persuasive design principles identified for each intervention was added as a predictor in the second step to reveal the additional variance in effect sizes explained by persuasive design. RESULTS We identified 4,471 articles in our search, 46 of which were eligible for inclusion in our analyses. Our meta-analyses showed effect sizes (Hedges’ g) ranging from 0.22 to 0.31 for depression interventions, depending on the measures taken to account for bias in the results. We found a mean effect size of 0.45 for anxiety interventions, with no evidence that results were inflated by bias. Included interventions were identified as employing an average of 4.88 persuasive design principles. The meta-regressions showed that a greater number of persuasive design principles predicted greater efficacy in ICBT for depression (R2 change=.27, B=0.04, P=.02) but not anxiety (R2 change=.05, B=0.03, P=.17). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary support for the proposition that more persuasively designed ICBT interventions are more efficacious, at least in the treatment of depression. Further research is needed to clarify the role of persuasive design in ICBT. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) CRD42020153466

scholarly journals Role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259026
Author(s):  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Holly Pavey ◽  
Ian Wilkinson ◽  
Marie Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses

Interleukin (IL)-33 and its unique receptor, ST2, play a pivotal role in the immune response to infection and stress. However, there have been conflicting reports of the role of IL-33 in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the potential of this axis in differentiating CVD patients and controls and with CVD disease severity, remains unclear. Aims 1) To quantify differences in circulating IL-33 and/or sST2 levels between CVD patients versus controls. 2) Determine association of these biomarkers with mortality in CVD and community cohorts. Methods and results Using Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Prospero and Cochrane databases, systematic review of studies published on IL-33 and/or sST2 levels in patients with CVD (heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, stroke, coronary artery disease and hypertension) vs controls, and in cohorts of each CVD subtype was performed. Pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) of biomarker levels between CVD-cases versus controls and hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of mortality during follow-up in CVD patients, were assessed by random effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was evaluated with random-effects meta-regressions. From 1071 studies screened, 77 were meta-analysed. IL-33 levels were lower in HF and CAD patients vs controls, however levels were higher in stroke patients compared controls [Meta-SMD 1.455, 95% CI 0.372–2.537; p = 0.008, I2 = 97.645]. Soluble ST2 had a stronger association with risk of all-cause mortality in ACS (Meta-multivariate HR 2.207, 95% CI 1.160–4.198; p = 0.016, I2 = 95.661) than risk of all-cause mortality in HF (Meta-multivariate HR 1.425, 95% CI 1.268–1.601; p<0.0001, I2 = 92.276). There were insufficient data to examine the association of IL-33 with clinical outcomes in CVD. Conclusions IL-33 and sST2 levels differ between CVD patients and controls. Higher levels of sST2 are associated with increased mortality in individuals with CVD. Further study of IL-33/ST2 in cardiovascular studies is essential to progress diagnostic and therapeutic advances related to IL-33/ST2 signalling.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Protocol for a Systematic Review

Thrita ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Hosseini ◽  
Shabnam Nadjafi ◽  
Leila Janani ◽  
Zahra Faraji ◽  
Behnaz Ashtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Meta Analyses

Context: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting many people around the world. Recently, it has been reported that toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in AD; therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review the studies and to meta-analyze the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in AD. Methods: Seven main electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, will be considered with no language restrictions. Full texts of articles will be prepared by a determined search strategy. Studies including the assessment of TLR9 function in adults with AD, published before June 15 2020, will be considered. Hence, this protocol will be presented based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statements for protocols. The related results and data analyses will be provided in the final review. This paper plans the protocol for a systematic review identifying TLR9 up-regulation and down-regulation in adults with AD. Conclusions: The meta-analysis of TLR9 may subsequently provide attractive therapeutic tools for AD.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Psychotic Experiences in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autistic Traits: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Kiyono ◽  
Masaya Morita ◽  
Ryo Morishima ◽  
Shinya Fujikawa ◽  
Syudo Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Statistical Results

Abstract Several reports have highlighted an association between psychotic experiences (PEs) and autism spectrum disorder/autistic traits; however, no systematic review of the evidence has been done. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane database on November 20, 2018, for studies providing statistical results on the association between PEs and autism spectrum disorder/autistic traits. Meta-analyses were conducted for both the prevalence of PEs in autism spectrum disorder and the correlation coefficients between PEs and autistic traits. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each PE subtype. Among the 17 included studies, 9 had data about prevalence and 8 had data about correlation. The pooled prevalence of PEs in autism spectrum disorder was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14%–34%). However, subanalyses found that prevalence varied between PE subtypes (hallucinations, 6% [95% CI 1%–11%] and delusions, 45% [95% CI 0%–99%]). Pooled results showed that PEs and autistic traits had a weak to medium correlation (r = .34 [95% CI 0.27–0.41]). Based on our meta-analysis, PEs seem to be more prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorder/autistic traits than in the general population, but this finding may vary according to the PE subtype. Future studies should focus on statistical results for each PE subtype separately. More studies should be conducted to clarify the relationship between autism spectrum disorder/autistic traits and PEs by subtype.

Global health-related quality of life in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002936
Author(s):  
Zahra Hoseinipalangi ◽  
Zahra Golmohammadi ◽  
Sima Rafiei ◽  
Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan ◽  
Hossein Hosseinifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Weighted Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background and aimSigns and symptoms of schizophrenia may have serious impacts on patients’ quality of life leading to concern about different aspects of their lives. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies examining the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia and its relationship with patients’ characteristics.Materials and methodsA total of 40 studies were extracted from searching of relevant databases published between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive data and correlation coefficients between patient’s characteristics and quality of life were extracted and the results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses standards and meta-analysis of pooled studies.ResultsIn total, 8363 patients with schizophrenia participated in 40 studies which used Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale revision 4. The total score of quality of life (QOL) in the study subjects was reported to be 40.66. Weighted effect size analyses revealed a significant relationship between QOL and variables including patients’ age and duration of the disease. Furthermore, the highest (the worst) score of QOL in schizophrenia patients was observed in Europe 47.04 (95% CI 41.26 to 52.82) and the Euro region 47.05 (95% CI 41.18 to 52.92).ConclusionOverall, the QOL among patients with schizophrenia was in a good status, which could be improved through considering different life aspects of people living in various contexts. In fact, clarifying the determinants of QOL would be a key step in the provision of future treatment efforts.

scholarly journals 34. TARGETED THERAPY FOR HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER BRAIN METASTASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii6-ii6
Author(s):  
Anders Erickson ◽  
Farinaz Ghodrati ◽  
Sunit Das
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Her2 Positive Breast Cancer ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Abstract INTRO One in three women with HER2-positive breast cancer will develop brain metastases, or intracranial metastatic disease (IMD). Historically, treatment of IMD has been confined to surgery and radiotherapy, with a limited role for chemotherapy. However, recent interest has burgeoned in a role for targeted therapy for treatment of IMD. The lack of high-level evidence, such as meta-analyses, regarding the role of targeted therapy in the management of IMD has prevented its inclusion in guidelines directing treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the role of targeted therapy for IMD in women with HER2-positive breast cancer. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources was conducted by two independent reviewers. Controlled trials and cohort studies that reported survival, safety, or response outcomes for patients receiving HER2-targeted therapy following IMD diagnosis were included. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model were conducted for OS and PFS. RESULTS 111 studies reporting on 8226 patients were included. Primary analysis of only RCTs found that HER2-targeted therapy was associated with improved OS (HR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46–0.86; n = 392) but not PFS (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.30–1.85; n = 392) following IMD diagnosis. Secondary analysis combining RCTs and comparative observational studies found that HER2-targeted therapy was associated with improved OS (HR 0.42; 95% CI, 0.35–0.51; n = 2756) but not PFS (HR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.27–1.21; n = 460) following IMD diagnosis. Full analysis will be conducted for all 111 studies for pre-specified outcomes including intracranial PFS. CONCLUSION These findings support a potential role for HER2-targeted therapy in the management of IMD from HER2-positive breast cancer. Final analysis will synthesize current evidence for outcomes of intracranial response, survival, and safety.

scholarly journals Role of Adipokines and Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal and Human Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivshankar Thanigaimani ◽  
Jonathan Golledge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Meta Analyses

Improved understanding of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) pathogenesis is required to identify treatment targets. This systematic review summarized evidence from animal studies and clinical research examining the role of adipokines and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in AAA pathogenesis. Meta-analyses suggested that leptin (Standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.62, 2.61]) and adiponectin (SMD: −3.16 [95% CI: −7.59, 1.28]) upregulation did not significantly affect AAA severity within animal models. There were inconsistent findings and limited studies investigating the effect of resistin-like molecule-beta (RELMβ) and PVAT in animal models of AAA. Clinical studies suggested that circulating leptin (SMD: 0.32 [95% CI: 0.19, 0.45]) and resistin (SMD: 0.63 [95% CI 0.50, 0.76]) concentrations and PVAT to abdominal adipose tissue ratio (SMD: 0.56 [95% CI 0.33, 0.79]) were significantly greater in people diagnosed with AAA compared to controls. Serum adiponectin levels were not associated with AAA diagnosis (SMD: −0.62 [95% CI −1.76, 0.52]). One, eight, and one animal studies and two, two, and four human studies had low, moderate, and high risk-of-bias respectively. These findings suggest that AAA is associated with higher circulating concentrations of leptin and resistin and greater amounts of PVAT than controls but whether this plays a role in aneurysm pathogenesis is unclear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document