scholarly journals Family History of Psychiatric Disorders and Clinical Factors Associated With a Schizophrenia Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110607
Author(s):  
Lina Díaz-Castro ◽  
Kurt Hoffman ◽  
Héctor Cabello-Rangel ◽  
Armando Arredondo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Herrera-Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family History ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Obstetric Trauma ◽  
History Of

Background Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) have both shared and unique genetic risk factors and clinical characteristics. The aim of the present study was to identify potential risk factors significantly associated with SCH, relative to a BD reference group. Methods Data were obtained from medical records of patients that entered a major Mexico City hospital during 2009–2010 presenting psychotic symptoms (n = 1132; 830 cases of SCH, 302 cases of BD; 714 men and 418 women). SCH and BD diagnoses were compared with respect to a number of family and clinical characteristics. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to respectively identify factors selectively associated with the SCH diagnosis relative to the BD diagnosis and explore the relationship between PANSS scores and parental age at time of birth to the age of SCH onset. Results Patients with SCH showed greater functional impairment than those with BD. Family history of mental illness, premorbid schizoid-like personality, and obstetric trauma were significantly associated with the SCH diagnosis. The association of obstetric trauma with SCH was greatest in male patients with a family history of mental illness. In women, increased paternal and decreased maternal age at time of the patient’s birth were associated with an earlier age of SCH onset. Conclusion Male gender, showing premorbid schizoid-like personality, familial SCH, and obstetric trauma are risk factors that distinguish SCH from BD. Additionally, our results suggest that risk for SCH relative to BD may be importantly influenced by interactions between familial risk, gender, and obstetric trauma.

scholarly journals COVID-19-associated brief psychotic disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e236940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M Smith ◽  
Jonathan R Komisar ◽  
Ahmad Mourad ◽  
Brian R Kincaid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Case ◽  
Brief Psychotic Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Onset

A 36-year-old previously healthy woman with no personal or family history of mental illness presented with new-onset psychosis after a diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19. Her psychotic symptoms initially improved with antipsychotics and benzodiazepines and further improved with resolution of COVID-19 symptoms. This is the first case of COVID-19-associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals.

Risk Factors for Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin Gene Mutations.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4090-4090
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa De Sancho ◽  
Nickisha Berlus ◽  
Jacob H. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Female Hormones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations are the most prevalent hereditary thrombophilias (HT). Carriers of these HT are at greater risk for developing thromboembolic events (TEE) and/or pregnancy complications (PC) compared to non-carriers, but not all carriers develop clinical manifestations. We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors (RF) for clinical manifestations of all subjects who tested positive for FVL and/or PG20210A gene mutations in our hematology clinic between January 2000 and July 2006. Symptomatic carriers (cases) and asymptomatic carriers (controls) were compared. Cases were defined as having had a TEE (venous and/or arterial) or a PC (pregnancy loss (PL), preeclampsia, abruption placenta and intrauterine growth restriction). Data analyzed included secondary RF for thrombosis, use of female hormones (FH), family history of thrombosis (FHT), and the presence of other thrombophilias. During the study period, 197 subjects were fully evaluable; 9 were excluded due to insufficient data. The clinical characteristics are shown in Table 1. Of the 85 venous thromboses (VT), 59 (69%) had DVT and/or PE, 10 (12%) had superficial thrombophlebitis, 9 (11%) intra-abdominal thrombosis, 2 (2%) cerebral VT, 2 (2%) had retinal VT and 3 (4%) had > 1 site of VT. Of the 25 arterial thromboses (AT), 11 (44%) were CVA, 7 (28%) had TIA, 6 (24%) had other AT, and 1 (4%) had an MI. Of the 52 cases with PL, 27 (52%) were early recurrent 1st trimester PL, 8 (15%) were 2nd or 3rd trimester PL, 4 (8%) had infertility and 13 (25%) had both PL and infertility. Of the 5 PC, 3 were abruption placenta, 1 preeclampsia and 1 had > 1 PC. The most common RF was the presence of > 1 secondary RF (Table 2). There was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding the use of FH, FHT, and presence of other thrombophilias. Fertility medications were used by 12 (10%) of cases vs. 1 (2%) of controls. Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody-positivity was the most prevalent concurrent thrombophilic factor and occurred in 18 of cases (12%) vs. 2 (4%) of controls. Cases and controls were similar regarding gender, age, family history of thrombosis, and presence of other thrombophilias. In summary, fertility medications and aPL antibodies appear to be significant risk factors for clinical manifestations in cases. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to identify additional RF in carriers of these HT. Clinical Characteristics Cases (n=145) Controls (n=52) *85 heterozygous, 6 homozygous, **29 heterozygous, 2 homozygous, ***37 heterozygous, 2 homozygous, ****100% heterozygous Mean Age, yr [+/−SD] 44+/−13 42+/−13 Gender, female 115 (79%) 42 (81%) FVL 91 (63%)* 31 (60%)** PG20210A 39 (27%)*** 18 (35%)**** FVL + PG20210A 15 (10%) 3 (6%) VT 85 (59%) --- AT 25 (17%) --- PC and infertility (female carriers, n=115) 57 (50%) --- Risk Factors Cases (n=145) Controls (n=52) p value Includes obesity, postoperative period, pregnancy, puerperium, long airplane flight, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and immobilization; **oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, progesterone OC, fertility medications Secondary RF* 74 (51%) 15 (29%) 0.265 NS Use of female hormones**, n=115 59 (51%) 21 (50%) 0.478 NS Family history of thrombosis 73 (50%) 34 (65%) 0.252 NS Other thrombophilias 60 (41%) 21 (40%) 0.232 NS

Adversity, Parental Mental Illness, and Risk of Depression in Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S220-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patterson ◽  
L. Mackenzie ◽  
A. Zwicker ◽  
V. Drobinin ◽  
J. Cumby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family History ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

BackgroundThe association between parental severe mental illness (SMI) and depression in offspring may be due to genetic liability or adverse environments. We investigated the effect of parental SMI, SES, and adversity on depression in a sample of youth enriched for familial risk of mental illness.MethodWe assessed 217 youth (mean age 11.95, SD 4.14, range 6–24), including 167 (77%) offspring of parents with SMI. We measured exposure to childhood maltreatment and bullying with the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) and Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview.ResultsIn total, 13.36% participants reported significant bullying and 40.76% had a history of childhood maltreatment. Rates of bullying and maltreatment were similar in offspring of parents with and without SMI. Maltreatment likelihood increased with decreasing socioeconomic status. Exposure to bullying (OR = 3.11, 95%CI 1.08–8.88, P = 0.03) predicted depression in offspring more strongly than family history of SMI in parents.ConclusionsAdversity, such as maltreatment and bullying, has a stronger impact on the risk of developing depression than family history of mental illness in parents. These adverse experiences are associated with socioeconomic status rather than parental mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for headache associated with non-functioning pituitary adenomas

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Nan Ji ◽  
Yun Ma ◽  
Bao Yang ◽  
Peng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Cavernous Sinus Invasion ◽  
History Of

Background Headaches associated with pituitary adenoma have been reported to be related to the structural characteristics and endocrine factors of the tumour itself. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of, and the risk factors for, non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA)-associated headaches in Chinese patients with normal endocrine activity. Methods Ninety-seven patients with a NFPA with normal endocrine laboratory results were prospectively enrolled in this study. The relevant clinical demographic data were collected and examined with the appropriate statistical methods. Results The pre-operative prevalence of tumour-associated headaches was 48.5%; 87.2% of these patients had migraine-like headaches. A family history of primary headache (odds ratio (OR) 3.67; p = 0.032) and a higher tumour Knosp grade (OR 1.83; p = 0.001) were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of NFPA-associated headaches. The patient’s age, sex, visual disturbances, optic chiasm compression, tumour size and tumour volume were not significantly associated with NFPA-associated headaches ( p > 0.05). In addition, headache severity was significantly correlated with the Knosp grade ( r = 0.339; p = 0.001). The sides of the headaches and of cavernous sinus invasion were significantly concordant (48.9% agreement; κ = 0.257; p = 0.007). Conclusions Migraine-like headaches are a common clinical manifestation in patients with NFPAs. A family history of primary headaches and cavernous sinus invasion are risk factors for NFPA-associated headaches.

Psychosis and Cannabis Abuse in the Gambia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rolfe ◽  
C. M. Tang ◽  
S. Sabally ◽  
J. E. Todd ◽  
E. B. Sam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Cannabis abuse is a major public health problem in The Gambia and other parts of West Africa, and the rise in the incidence of psychotic illness reflects the increased background use of cannabis by the local population. A case-control study was performed to determine the association between psychosis and cannabis abuse in The Gambia and the importance of other risk factors. Out of 234 patients admitted to Campama Psychiatric Unit over 12 months, 210 (90%) were enrolled in a case-control study. Urine was tested for cannabinoid substances and 38% were positive compared with 12% of matched non-psychotic control subjects. Analysis of the matched pairs showed that a positive urinary cannabinoid test, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, travel to Europe and family history of mental illness were all significant risk factors for psychotic illness; Koranic education reduced the risk. There was a positive correlation among the psychotic patients between a positive urinary cannabinoid test and the use of alcohol, ataya tea and cigarette smoking; a family history of mental illness showed a negative correlation.

Risk Factors in Schizophrenia

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron ◽  
Rhoda Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The association between the familial risk for schizophrenia and season of birth was studied in 88 schizophrenic patients. An increased risk for schizophrenia and ‘spectrum’ disorders was demonstrated among the first-degree relatives of winter and spring-born schizophrenic patients. However, patients with a family history of schizophrenia and ‘spectrum’ disorders did not differ from patients with no family history with respect to season of birth. Season of birth was unrelated to the sex of the patient, birth order, age at onset, or clinical subtypes (paranoid vs non-paranoid, as defined by the RDC, and ‘narrow’ vs ‘broad’, as defined by Taylor & Abrams' 1975 criteria). The morbid-risk data support a ‘stress-diathesis' hypothesis whereby environmental factors (in this case a seasonally varying viral insult may be implicated) interact with genetic vulnerability to increase the risk for schizophrenia.

The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Anhar Ullah ◽  
Jamal Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the adult population of the Basque country, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Urrutia ◽  
◽  
Alicia Martín-Nieto ◽  
Rosa Martínez ◽  
J Oriol Casanovas-Marsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

scholarly journals Clozapine-induced stuttering in the absence of known risk factors: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Jaguga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Rare Side Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings

Abstract Background Stuttering is a rare side effect of clozapine. It has been shown to occur in the presence of one or more factors such as abnormal electrophysiological findings and seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, brain pathology, and a family history of stuttering. Few case reports have documented the occurrence of clozapine-induced stuttering in the absence of these risk factors. Case presentation A 29-year-old African male on clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia presented with stuttering at a dosage of 400 mg/day that resolved with dose reduction. Electroencephalogram findings were normal, and there was no clinical evidence of seizures. The patient had no prior history or family history of stuttering, had a normal neurological examination, and showed no signs of extrapyramidal symptoms. Conclusion Clinicians ought to be aware of stuttering as a side effect of clozapine, even in the absence of known risk factors. Further research should investigate the pathophysiology of clozapine-induced stuttering.

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