Cultural Features Important to Christian Missionaries in Lebanese Villages

1972 ◽  
Vol os-19 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-82
Author(s):  
George J. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Village People ◽  
Village Society ◽  
Cultural Features

The author describes the tight, inward-looking structure of Lebanese village society, its basic dependence on the land, the event- and person-oriented conceptions of time and space, the peasant mystique of nature, and the kinship-oriented concept of people, marriage, and sex. Concepts of the supernatural are basically Muslim (in the villages studied), but strongly colored by the pre-Islamic nature cult. Missionaries attempting to work in such villages must learn to accept and appreciate existing culture and social structure and minimize the disruption caused by their own presence. The author lists various implications, and expresses cautious optimism about the possibilities of long-range work based on close identification with village people.

scholarly journals Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xinyue Ye ◽  
Steven Manson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

NEW LOOK AND APPROACH TO PHYSICAL AND QUANTUM PROPERTIES OF PHOTON

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
S.N. Grigorev-Fridman
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Quantum Properties ◽  
New Look

New physical properties of photon as quasineutral elementary particle were revealed at the atomic-molecular level of interaction of radiation and photon absorption during the transition of electrons from external, remote orbits atoms of matter to lower orbit of rotation around the nucleus of atoms. Empirically discovered rapidly changing in time and space, its own orbital negative and positive charges of photon. The use of the idea of Russian scientists about the presence of photon its own orbital charge constantly changing in time and space when creating super-powerful and long-range combat laser is considered.

Flying-foxes (Pteropus alecto and P. scapulatus) in the Darwin region, north Australia: patterns in camp size and structure

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Vardon ◽  
Christopher R. Tidemann
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Size And Structure

Five camps of flying-foxes (Pteropus alecto and P. scapulatus) were monitored regularly in the Darwin region between July 1994 and December 1997. For both species there was a relatively consistent annual pattern in the size and age–sex structure of camps. P. alecto appeared to be a local migrant, with numbers in the north of the study area negatively correlated with numbers in the south, but the movement did not involve all animals. Following births in February there was a southward movement of adult P. alecto in March and a return movement northward in September–November. The extent of three vegetation types surrounding camps had a significant effect (P< 0.05) on camp sizein P. alecto. Sex ratios varied between P. alecto camps, with a higher proportion of females being found in larger camps (P< 0.001), while the proportion of juveniles varied over the year (P< 0.05), but not between camps. Large numbers of P. scapulatus were annual migrants to the southern portion of the study region during July–October 1994–97, but relatively small numbers of the species were present at other times. When integrated with other published information, the pattern seen in this study supports the view that P. scapulatus undertakes regular long-range movements and uses habitat in time and space differently from P. alecto.

scholarly journals NILAI SOSIAL BUDAYA DALAM UPACARA ADAT TETAKEN (Studi Deskriptif Upacara Adat Tetaken di Desa Mantren, Kecamatan Kebonagung, Kabupaten Pacitan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Reizya Gesleoda Axiaverona ◽  
R.B. Soemanto
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Village People ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Village Society ◽  
Structural Functionalism Theory

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: The Indonesian nation has a diverse culture characterized by each region and the values that are believed by the community. Culture is created from everyday activities. The purpose of the research is to know the background, the procession of implementation, and the meaning of the implementation of the traditional ceremony of Tetaken in Mantren Kacamatan Kebonagung Village, Pacitan Regency. This study uses structural functionalism theory, from Talcott Parson. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive study approach. The research informants are Mantren Village people who know and participate in traditional ceremony of Tetaken, that is Head of Mantren Village, Interpreter of Gunung Lima, academic, and society. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The location of this research is in Mantren Village, Kebonagung District, Pacitan Regency. Technique of data collecting is done by field observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques with Miles and Hubermas model that starts from the data collection stage, data reduction, data presentation to conclusion, and for data validity using data triangulation. Result of research indicate that ceremony of Tetaken is a form of the idea of Mantren Village society which is arise belief about the importance of Kyai Tunggul Wulung so that there arises activities in the form of action and interaction on the implementation of traditional ceremony involving all the society. Tetaken traditional ceremony implies a symbol of guarding the sustainability and local wisdom typical for the people.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Cultural social values, safeguard symbols, traditional ceremonies of tetaken</p><p><strong>Abstrak </strong>: Bangsa Indonesia memiliki kebudayaan yang beragam dengan ciri khas daerah masing<strong>-</strong>masing dan nilai<strong>-</strong>nilai yang dipercayai oleh masyarakat. Budaya tercipta dari kegiatan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui latar belakang, prosesi pelaksanaan, dan pemaknaan dari pelaksanaan upacara adat Tetaken di Desa Mantren Kacamatan Kebonagung, Kabupaten Pacitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori fungsionalisme struktural, dari Talcott Parson. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi deskriptif. Informan penelitian adalah masyarakat Desa Mantren yang mengetahui dan ikut dalam upacara adat Tetaken, yaitu Kepala Desa Mantren, Juru Kunci Gunung Lima, akademisi, dan masyarakat. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini di Desa Mantren, Kecamatan Kebonagung, Kabupaten Pacitan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan model Miles dan Hubermas yang dimulai dari tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data hingga penarikan kesimpulan, serta untuk validitas data menggunakan triangulasi data.<strong> </strong>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upacara adat Tetaken merupakan bentuk gagasan masyarakat Desa Mantren yang kemudian timbul kepercayaan mengenai pentingnya dilaksanakan upacara adat Tetaken yang berasal dari cerita Kyai Tunggul Wulung sehingga muncullah aktivitas – aktivitas dalam bentuk tindakan dan interaksi pada pelaksanaan upacara adat yang melibatkan semua masyarakat. Upacara adat Tetaken menyiratkan simbol penjagaan terhadap kelestarian serta kearifan lokal khas bagi masyarakatnya.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci </strong>: Nilai sosial budaya, simbol penjagaan, upacara adat tetaken</p>

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