Child Custody Arrangements: A Study of two New Jersey Counties

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Shrier ◽  
Sue K. Simring ◽  
Judith B. Greif ◽  
Edith T. Shapiro ◽  
Jacob J. Lindenthal
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Joint Custody ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Legal Custody ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
Per Capita

The current prevalence of joint custody awarded in New Jersey, where joint custody is an option, was estimated through a review of 567 family court records covering 1985–87 from two New Jersey counties where divorce decrees involving minor children had been issued. A rate of 11% was found in the county that ranked among the lowest in per capita income and of 19.5% in the county that ranked most affluent in New Jersey–-significantly greater than the estimated 5% of joint custody awarded in New Jersey in 1978. However, in California, where a presumption for joint custody had existed, a study of two counties found that 58% of parents divorcing in 1985 sought joint custody. In both states the predominant mode of joint custody was joint legal custody with physical custody to the mother.

Psychiatry in Kuwait

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (463) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Kuwait, the country with the world's highest per capita income,∗ has a population of roughly 325,000, of whom only half are ethnically Kuwaiti. The original settlers left the Nejd in Central Arabia about 1710 because of a severe drought, and after wandering about for several years with their herds and flocks eventually settled at the head of the Persian Gulf. The country they founded, about the size of Northern Ireland or of the State of New Jersey, is wedged in between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Next to the Kuwaiti, the second largest group of inhabitants is the Bedouins who “are recognizable by their particular Arabic accent, their characteristic smell, and their long hair and beard”, according to a resident of Kuwait City. The Bedouin women can also be recognized easily because the black “thaub” which covers them completely from head to foot is made of solid cloth with narrow slits for the eyes, whereas the “thaub” of the Kuwaiti women has a black veil built into it.

An Empirical Study of Custody Agreements: Joint versus Sole Legal Custody

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. C. Phear ◽  
J. C. Beck ◽  
B. B. Hauser ◽  
S. C. Clark ◽  
R. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Public Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Custody ◽  
Minor Children

The public records of 500 divorces involving minor children were abstracted from the files of a county probate and family court. The families’ demographics and the chronology of the marriages and their dissolution are reported, as are the varieties and frequencies of the custody and visitation decisions. The provisions made for the children's current and future physical, financial, and educational needs are summarized together with the incidences of post-divorce litigation.

Family Violence and Child Custody: Archival Study of Court Records

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Stahly ◽  
Linda Krajewski ◽  
Wesley Farris ◽  
Kimberly Evans ◽  
Kelly Moore
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Archival Study

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Income-Based Poverty among Non-Farm Households in Rural Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Per Capita

This paper focuses upon the magnitude of income-based poverty among non-farm households in rural Punjab. Based on the primary survey, a sample of 440 rural non-farm households were taken from 44 sampled villages located in all 22 districts of Punjab.The poverty was estimated on the basis of income level. For measuring poverty, various methods/criteria (Expert Group Criteria, World Bank Method and State Per Capita Income Criterion) were used. On the basis of Expert Group Income criterion, overall, less than one-third of the persons of rural non-farm household categories are observed to be poor. On the basis, 40 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, around three-fourth of the persons of all rural non-farm household categories are falling underneath poverty line. Similarly, the occurrence of the poverty, on the basis of 50 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, showed that nearly four-fifths of the persons are considered to be poor. As per World Bank’s $ 1.90 per day, overall, less than one-fifth of rural non-farm household persons are poor. Slightly, less than one-fourth of the persons are belonging to self-employment category, while, slightly, less than one-tenth falling in-service category. On the basis of $ 3.10 per day criteria, overall, less than two-fifth persons of all rural non-farm household categories were living below the poverty line.

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