scholarly journals Confirming Bias Without Knowing? Automatic Pathways Between Media Exposure and Selectivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 009365022090594
Author(s):  
Anne C. Kroon ◽  
Toni G. L. A. van der Meer ◽  
Dana Mastro
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
News Content ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Selection Of

This study moves beyond previous research by demonstrating how prior exposure to stereotypical content can reinforce the selection of comparable biased news content and by clarifying its intergroup and interpersonal consequences. With two experiments ( N = 236, N = 270), we show that media effects and selectivity of biased media content about Arabic migrant workers are connected by automatic (i.e., implicit) stereotypes. The findings reveal that exposure to moderate doses of stereotypic news primes affects the selection of biased news via implicit stereotypes and subsequently shifts intergroup and interpersonal outcomes in the direction of the activated biased beliefs. These effects did not surface for high doses of stereotypic news primes, suggesting that individuals resist and inhibit activation processes when exposure is perceived to be too extreme. As subtle forms of bias are omnipresent in news environments and implicit stereotypes operate partly under the radar of conscious awareness, they may affect selection without individuals being aware of it. The findings imply that audiences’ biased selectivity should not be seen in isolation from prior media exposure.

scholarly journals Objectification of Subjectivity: International Experience in Selection of TV Stimuli in Mass Media Effect Research

2016 ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Havrylets ◽  
Volodymyr Rizun ◽  
Sergii Tukaiev ◽  
Maksym Khylko
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
News Content ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Media ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the study was to classify the existing methods of the TV news content selection, and to assess the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been performed: 1) considering the existing approaches to the selection of the TV news content, applied in the media effects studies; 2) summarizing and classifying the approaches used for the selection of the TV news stories for experiments in the media effects studies; 3) analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique of the experimental selection of the TV news content. The research was conducted through the use of scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, transition from the abstract to the concrete, and document review. Several criteria were applied to the selection of the studies to be included in the review of methods of the TV news materials selection: 1) only those experimental articles and thesis were selected, in which the TV news was the independent variable, and the reaction of surveyed people was the dependent variable; 2) the articles and theses should include a clear description of the methods of the TV news selection. Results and Conclusions. The TV news content was examined as a basic material for experiments in social communications. Based on the academic publications of the American and European scientists, we elaborated the classification of methods for the media content selection in the media effects studies. Different approaches to the selection of news material were proposed. According to the proposed classification, all methods of the media content selection were divided into the primary methods (pool method) and secondary methods (Self-Assessment Mannequin test; semantic differential method; R. Likert emotion assessment scale; J.B. Haskins scale for the good-bad news assessment). The validity and reliability of these techniques was proved by the studies in the TV news effects.

scholarly journals A Role for Fas in Negative Selection of Thymocytes In Vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiro Kishimoto ◽  
Charles D. Surh ◽  
Jonathan Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Negative Selection ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Thymic Medulla ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Specific Peptide ◽  
Selection Of

To seek information on the role of Fas in negative selection, we examined subsets of thymocytes from normal neonatal mice versus Fas-deficient lpr/lpr mice injected with graded doses of antigen. In normal mice, injection of 1–100 μg of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induced clonal elimination of SEB-reactive Vβ8+ cells at the level of the semi-mature population of HSAhi CD4+ 8− cells found in the thymic medulla; deletion of CD4+ 8+ cells was minimal. SEB injection also caused marked elimination of Vβ8+ HSAhi CD4+ 8− thymocytes in lpr/lpr mice. Paradoxically, however, elimination of these cells in lpr/lpr mice was induced by low-to-moderate doses of SEB (≤1 μg) but not by high doses (100 μg). Similar findings applied when T cell receptor transgenic mice were injected with specific peptide. These findings suggest that clonal elimination of semi-mature medullary T cells is Fas independent at low doses of antigen but Fas dependent at high doses. Previous reports documenting that negative selection is not obviously impaired in lpr/lpr mice could thus reflect that the antigens studied were expressed at only a low level.

Media Attention, Media Exposure, and Media Effects

1990 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Drew ◽  
David Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Media Attention

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) Berdasarkan Kualitas Untuk Menentukan Tempat Kerja Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching (Studi Kasus: PT Adila Prezkifarindo Duta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Dasarius Gulo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Profile Matching ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

In the process of selecting Indonesian Workers (TKI) based on quality at PT. Adila Prezkifarindo Duta is classified as still manual, where there is not yet a system for selecting quality migrant workers so it requires a long time for its assessment and the selection process is less effective. To support decision making in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers (TKI) to make it easier by using a decision support system. One method used in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers is the Profile Matching method. The profile matching method is a decision-making mechanism by assuming that there is an ideal level of predictor variables that must be met by applicants, rather than the minimum level that must be met or passed. In the profile matching process a process will be compared between individual competencies into standard competencies so that different competencies can be identified (also called Gap). The smaller the gap produced, the greater the weight value. In matching this profile, the selected TKI candidates are Indonesian Workers who are closest to the ideal profile of a qualified TKI.

scholarly journals An Analysis On Framing The News Of Lash Punishment On Gay In Aceh In Serambi Indonesia Daily Newspaper

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Ilham Zuniadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

<p>The purpose of this study was to analyze Serambi Indonesia Daily in framing and producing news that occurred in the editorial room as well as the construction of reality in reporting foreign intervention in cases of caning against gay perpetrators. Through a practical analysis discourse. seen from five levels that influence media content by Shoemaker Reese. Qualitative methods with a constructivist paradigm are used to pay attention to the politics of meaning and the process of how a person makes a picture of reality that influences the stereotypes that develop in society. Framing analysis of Robert N. Entman's model is used to see the frame of two major dimensions, namely the selection of issues and the prominence of certain aspects of the issue. <em>The result of the research shows that Serambi Indonesia Daily Newspaper, in its news about lash punishment </em><em>on</em><em> gays in Aceh always considers local values in Acehnese community that are Moslems so that the frame for lash punishment is considered as the legal problem in which the gays are considered violating against Qanun No. 6/2014 on Jinayah Law.</em></p>

HPV: from infection to cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1456-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Stanley ◽  
M.R. Pett ◽  
N. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Human Papillomavirus 16 ◽  
E6 And E7 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Selection Of

Infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) 16 is the cause of 50% or more of cervical cancers in women. HPV16 infection, however, is very common in young sexually active women, but the majority mount an effective immune response and clear infection. Approx. 10% of individuals develop a persistent infection, and it is this cohort who are at risk of cancer progression, with the development of high-grade precursor lesions and eventually invasive carcinoma. Effective evasion of innate immune recognition seems to be the hallmark of HPV infections, since the infectious cycle is one in which viral replication and release is not associated with inflammation. Furthermore, HPV infections disrupt cytokine expression and signalling with the E6 and E7 oncoproteins particularly targeting the type I IFN (interferon) pathway. High doses of IFN can overcome the HPV-mediated abrogation of signalling, and this may be the basis for the therapeutic effects on HPV infections of immune-response modulators such as the imidazoquinolones that induce high levels of type I IFNs by activation of TLR (Toll-like receptor) 7. Using the unique W12 model of cervical carcinogenesis, some of these IFN-related interactions and their relevance in the selection of cells with integrated viral DNA in cancer progression have been investigated. Our data show that episome loss associated with induction of antiviral response genes is a key event in the spontaneous selection of cervical keratinocytes containing integrated HPV16. Exogenous IFN-β treatment of W12 keratinocytes in which the majority of the population contain episomes results only in the rapid emergence of IFN-resistant cells, loss of episome-containing cells and a selection of cells containing integrated HPV16 in which the expression of the transcriptional repressor E2 is down-regulated, but in which E6 and E7 are up-regulated.

Media and Emotion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Processing Depth ◽  
Feeling States ◽  
The Media ◽  
Emotional Effects

Emotion has been incorporated into media effects research in multiple ways, which can be broadly summarized as considering emotion as a predictor of media selection, an outcome of media exposure, and a mediator of other psychological and behavioral outcomes resulting from media exposure. Specifically, evidence suggests that the desire for particular feeling states influences the media that people choose to consume. Much research also considers the feeling states resulting from exposure, including fright reactions and enjoyment. Finally, there are well-established lines of inquiry into how emotional responses to media influence the processing of those messages in terms of attention, processing depth, and cognitive and behavioral outcomes. More contemporary research is extending these research programs, examining how emotional media messages are socially shared with others as well as the positive emotional effects that may emerge in response to media exposure.

scholarly journals Reactions to Unsolicited Violent, and Sexual, Explicit Media Content Shared over Social Media: Gender Differences and Links with Prior Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4296
Author(s):  
Laura Louise Nicklin ◽  
Emma Swain ◽  
Joanne Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Media ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Explicit Content

While there has been extensive research into consumption of “traditional” forms of explicit sexual and violent media (within pornography, videogames and movies), the informal exchange and viewing of explicit real-world violent and sexual content via social media is an under-investigated and potentially problematic behaviour. The current study used an online survey (n = 225: 169f, 55m, 1x, mean age 30.61 (SD 12.03)) to explore self-reported reactions to unsolicited explicit violent and sexual content that participants had received from friends or contacts. In line with our predictions based on previous studies of fictional explicit content, we found effects of both gender and prior exposure on these reactions. Specifically, females rated both sexual and violent explicit content as significantly less funny and exciting and more disturbing than males did. Amongst males, those with high previous exposure rated violent content as more exciting than those with lower or no prior experience. Regardless of gender, participants with higher exposure to sexual content rated it as funnier than those with mild or no exposure, and those with higher exposure to violent content rated it as more amusing and more exciting. However, contrary to what desensitization theories would predict, prior exposure did not attenuate how disturbing explicit content (of either a sexual or a violent nature) was rated. Multiple avenues for further investigation emerged from this preliminary cross-sectional study, and we suggest priorities for further qualitative or longitudinal work on this novel topic.

Information Model as an Instrument for the Analysis of News Discourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Добросклонская ◽  
T. Dobrosklonskaya
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ideological Context ◽  
Selection Of

Under the conditions of information society special importance is attached to a systematic and consistent study of the news texts, which are regarded as the pinnacle of all media discourse, its basic structure around which all media content is organized. At present the study of news texts applies a wide range of different methods traditionally used for the analysis of socially and culture bound discourse – linguistic, sociological, discursive, contentanalysis etc. However the method specifically designed for the analysis of the news has not been fully described yet. To fill in this gap the author offers to use “the information model” that was designed within the framework of media linguistics – a relatively new but already firmly established branch of language studies. The article focuses on the use of information model for the analysis of news discourse, specifically dealing with all its elements – selection of facts, interpretation, shaping images, forming stereotypes and cultural-ideological context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document