scholarly journals Reactions to Unsolicited Violent, and Sexual, Explicit Media Content Shared over Social Media: Gender Differences and Links with Prior Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4296
Author(s):  
Laura Louise Nicklin ◽  
Emma Swain ◽  
Joanne Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Media ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Explicit Content

While there has been extensive research into consumption of “traditional” forms of explicit sexual and violent media (within pornography, videogames and movies), the informal exchange and viewing of explicit real-world violent and sexual content via social media is an under-investigated and potentially problematic behaviour. The current study used an online survey (n = 225: 169f, 55m, 1x, mean age 30.61 (SD 12.03)) to explore self-reported reactions to unsolicited explicit violent and sexual content that participants had received from friends or contacts. In line with our predictions based on previous studies of fictional explicit content, we found effects of both gender and prior exposure on these reactions. Specifically, females rated both sexual and violent explicit content as significantly less funny and exciting and more disturbing than males did. Amongst males, those with high previous exposure rated violent content as more exciting than those with lower or no prior experience. Regardless of gender, participants with higher exposure to sexual content rated it as funnier than those with mild or no exposure, and those with higher exposure to violent content rated it as more amusing and more exciting. However, contrary to what desensitization theories would predict, prior exposure did not attenuate how disturbing explicit content (of either a sexual or a violent nature) was rated. Multiple avenues for further investigation emerged from this preliminary cross-sectional study, and we suggest priorities for further qualitative or longitudinal work on this novel topic.

scholarly journals Sex, Digital Devices, Social Media, and Social Isolation: A Study on Sexual Behavioral During COVID -19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Isabela A. Melca ◽  
Antonio E. Nardi ◽  
Lucio L. Gonçalves ◽  
Rachel M. Ferreira ◽  
Mariana S. K. Lins de Padua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Devices

Introduction: Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused social and economic damages. People have adapted to a new reality of physical distance. Objective: The study aimed to assess the use of digital devices and social media, focusing on psychosocial and demographic factors of people´s sexual behavior during the pandemic. Methods: A total of 1,357 Brazilian adults participated in a cross-sectional online survey. They were recruited through social media to obtain information regarding sexual behavior and the use of digital devices and social media. Results: Digital devices and social media were used by 38.8% of the participants. Among the group that used technological devices, most claimed to have changed their sexual behavior, with 76.9% consuming more sexual content through movies or series. Conclusion: In a smaller group, technological resources appeared as an alternative for safer sex, reducing the risks of COVID-19 transmission.

scholarly journals Pharmacy students’ perceptions and attitudes towards professionalism on social media: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Almetwazi ◽  
Ghaida Alahmari ◽  
Nada Alnahdi ◽  
Fatemah Aljamil ◽  
Mohammad Aljawadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the perceptions and attitudes toward social media professionalism among pharmacy students according to gender and program year. Methods: An online survey was sent to pharmacy students. The survey contained two sections: a demographics section, and assessment of attitudes toward professionalism and accountability in using social media. Results: About 30% of female students disagreed on using social media for hiring decisions compared to 20% of male students. About 41% of female students agreed on the importance of editing social media profiles prior to applying for jobs, compared to 38% of male students. Male students (11%) agreed more than female students (4%) on taking pictures of others without their knowledge. Fifth-year students (85%) disagreed the most on posting descriptions of how to break school or job rules. Conclusion: Gender and program years have impacted the perceptions and attitudes toward social media professionalism.

scholarly journals Saudi Diabetic Patients’ Beliefs and Experiences with Health Related Information from Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 340-352
Author(s):  
Mohammed Matar Alotaibi ◽  
Abdul Bari Mohd
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Introduction: Social media and acceptance of the information related to health is becoming acceptable to an extent for the public. The use of social media is rapidly growing and it is being used both by healthcare professionals and patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of social networking applications for experience and behaviour towards health information among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in spring of 2020 (April to May). The distribution of the survey questionnaire was done online through various social media platforms with a convenience sample of people with diabetes (n=569), Eligibility criteria were aged 18 and above, Saudis with diagnosis of diabetes and willing to give consent were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were less than 18 years old and non-Saudis and non-diabetic. Results: Analysis of online survey data indicated that WhatsApp (89.1%) was the most commonly used social network followed by Snapchat (66.3%), Instagram (40.6%), Twitter (35%), Telegram (19.5%), Tiktok (12.5%) and Facebook (10%). About 25 (4.4%) participants strongly agreed that health information from social media impact life positively. More than half 290(51%) participants agreed to apply information only from the trusted websites. Near about half 275(48.3%) disagreed that social media could invent treatment for diabetes more than believing in health institution and medicinal industries. Nearly one-fourth 141(24.8%) of participants agreed that all health information from social media is right. Almost 264 (46.4%) said that they sometimes face health information in social media. Nearly 265(46.6%) patients mentioned that they never applied themselves any information claiming treating diabetes. Conclusion: This study shows the effect of social media on diabetic patients and various responses of diabetic patients in regard of their beliefs and experience towards health information from social media. Most of the respondents agreed that they apply information obtained from social network and the same could lead to some deleterious effects on health.

scholarly journals How Do Communication Modalities Influence Intergenerational Communication?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Pierce ◽  
Candace Payne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Social Media Service ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
Gen X

This cross-sectional study analyzes the rapidly developing landscape of online communications. In particular, it studies the modalities used by three generations, which include baby boomers, Gen X, and Gen Y/millennials. In addition to analyzing their preferred methods, researchers also studied the conflicting views on other generations. This was done through data collected from an online survey administered via email and social media posts. It was hypothesized that the gaps in communication styles between different generations would be significantly different than the other generations mentioned. Researchers found that while generational differences are still present among the three demographics studied, a significant number of similarities between the groups were present as well. One example being that the majority of individuals from each generation reported using Facebook as their primary social media service (SMS) as well as over 90% stating that they felt confident in their ability to effectively utilize new forms of technology and social media.

scholarly journals Impact of social media and over the top media during COVID-19 lockdown, a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Raja Hirams Chebrolu ◽  
Jayashree Janagam ◽  
K. C. Muraleedharan ◽  
Resmy R.
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
False Information ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over The Top

Background: Covid-19 outbreak has forced the governments of several countries to enforce lockdown to control the spread of the virus. Staying at their homes, people are subjected to use Social media (SM)/Over the top media (OTTM) for communication, information, and entertainment. The objective is to know the usage of SM/OTTM and the frequently used applications during the lockdown. Also, its association with health, information usage and education.Methods: An online survey was conducted for a month with a specially framed questionnaire which includes the aspects of SM/OTTM usage, health issues due to SM/OTTM usage, education, and information during Covid-19 lockdown.Results: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed a significant difference between time spent on SM/OTTM before and after the lockdown and the median time used was shifted from 2-4 hours to 4-6 hours. Pearson Chi-Square test was done comparing the usage of SM/OTTM to other variables which showed significance in the aspects of interpersonal problems, usage out of boredom, staying connected to friends/family, online workouts/diet plans, false information, awareness on Covid-19, and cyberbullying. Sleeplessness, headache, eye complaints were predominant among the physical ailments whereas Stress, irritability, restlessness, anxiety were predominant among psychological affections due to SM/OTTM usage.Conclusions: SM/OTTM was frequently used and played a key role during the Covid-19 lockdown. SM has helped people to stay connected, acquire information, and stay updated on the pandemic. SM is also responsible for physical and mental health affections due to prolonged usage and exposure to false information during the lockdown. 

scholarly journals Social Media and Depression: Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alaraifi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of online social media (OSM) assimilation on individuals’ levels of depression in Saudi Arabia. Over the last decade, Saudi Arabia has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of OSM users. Previous studies suggest that OSM usage can be used as a predictor of many behavioral outcomes for individuals. Nevertheless, the literature on the assimilation and risk of OSM within Saudi Arabia is still very limited, especially in terms of linking OSM to depression. This cross-sectional study adopts a quantitative approach using an online survey of 626 users to measure how OSM assimilation affects levels of depression among users in Saudi Arabia. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The result indicates that OSM usage has a significant negative impact on depression.

Does watching violent electronic and social media content lead to increased levels of aggression? A survey among adolescents in an urban slum of metropolitan Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Tahir ◽  
Lubna Ansari Baig ◽  
Zaeema Ahmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Content

AbstractObjectivesIncreased levels of aggression and desensitization of adolescents has been witnessed as a result of exposure to violent social/electronic media content. It is imperative for policymakers to study such behavioral outcomes in order to make sound policies regarding media literacy. The objective of the study therefore was to assess relationship between violent electronic/social media exposure and level of aggression.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among adolescents aged 9–19 years in peri-urban slum of Karachi. Content-based Media Exposure scale and Buss and Perry questionnaire, internationally validated tools were used to collect data. Level of aggression was the main outcome variable which was analyzed.ResultsFour hundred and twenty-two adolescents participated in the survey. Usage of television was significantly higher in the younger age group whereas the effect of watching violent content among the adolescents varied. It was observed that 153 (36.3%) respondents felt stressed and 24 (5.7%) felt aggressive after watching violent content on electronic and social media. The contents showing people who fight (39.6 ± 5.6, p-value<0.05), who steal (39.5 ± 7.5, p-value=<0.05) and destroyed someone else’s belongings (40.6 ± 7.6, p-value=<0.05) had a significant effect on the level of aggression. Regression analysis predicted a strong positive association of exposure of violent content with level of aggression (β=0.43).ConclusionsThe usage of violent content on social and electronic media was popular among adolescents, and produced negative effects on the behavior of adolescents. Measures should be taken to introduce media literacy of the children in Pakistan, especially in the peri-urban slums.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Bermedia dan Daya Kritis Para Mahasiswa Di Kabupaten Manggarai - Flores

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Marianus Mantovanny Tapung ◽  
Ambros Leonangung Edu ◽  
Petrus Redy Partus Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract:This study aims to describe the ability of media and the critical power of students in Manggarai Regency. The ability to media is measured by indicators: The types of social media that are most often used, the ability to apply social media, frequently sought media content, the critical power of social media content, and social media content that is often distributed. The type of research used was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research respondents were 353 students who were determined using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using an online questionnaire. To guarantee the credibility of the data, researchers applied the one vote method and cross-checked through interviews via mobile phones. Data is presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results of the study show that the types of media most used by students are Facebook and WhatsApp. Both types of social media are applied by students themselves. Most students are able to apply these social media proficiently. However, many students use the media to access content that does not support their intellectual knowledge and insight. The use of media is limited to building social relations or friendship among students. This habit has an impact on students' critical power in assessing hoax content and factual content. The results of this study illustrate the discrepancy between the ability to apply media and students' critical power. This condition must be the concern of educators and stakeholders in Manggarai Regency.Keywords: Media, Critical Power, Manggarai Flores Students Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan bermedia dan daya kritis mahasiswa di Kabupaten Manggarai. Kemampuan bermedia diukur berdasarkan indikator-indikator: Jenis media sosial yang paling sering digunakan, kemampuan mengaplikasikan media sosial, konten media yang sering dicari, daya kritis terhadap konten media sosial, dan konten media sosial yang sering disebarkan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif cross sectional. Responden penelitian berjumlah 353 mahasiswa yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik proportional stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner online. Untuk menjamin kredibilitas data, peneliti menerapkan metode one vote dan melakukan crosscheck melalui wawancara via handphone.  Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis media yang paling banyak digunakan mahasiswa adalah facebook dan whatsapp. Kedua jenis media sosial ini diaplikasikan sendiri oleh mahasiswa. Sebagian besar mahasiswa mampu mengaplikasikan media-media sosial tersebut secara mahir. Namun, banyak mahasiswa menggunakan media untuk mengakses konten-konten yang kurang mendukung pengetahuan dan wawasan intelektual mereka. Penggunaan media hanya sebatas membangun relasi sosial atau pertemanan di antara mahasiswa. Kebiasaan ini berdampak pada daya kritis mahasiswa dalam menilai konten-konten hoax dan konten-konten fakta. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan adanya diskrepansi antara kemampuan mengaplikasikan media dengan daya kritis mahasiswa. Kondisi ini mesti menjadi perhatian para pendidik dan stakeholdersdi Kabupaten Manggarai.Kata Kunci: Media, Daya Kritis, Mahasiswa Manggarai Flores

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

COVID-19: knowledge, awareness and perceived stress among Jordanian healthcare providers (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Aborajooh ◽  
Mohammed Qussay Al-Sabbagh ◽  
Baraa Mafrachi ◽  
Muhammad Yassin ◽  
Rami Dwairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Source Of Information

UNSTRUCTURED We aimed to measure levels of knowledge, awareness, and stress about COVID-19 among health care providers (HCP) in Jordan. This was a cross-sectional study on 397 HCPs that utilized an internet-based questionnaire to evaluate knowledge about COVID-19, availability of personal protective equipment (PEE), future perception, and psychological distress. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with knowledge and psychological stress. Overall, 24.4% and 21.2% of the participants showed excellent knowledge and poor knowledge, respectively. Social media (61.7%) was the most commonly used source of information. Being female (β= 0.521, 95% CI 0.049 to 0.992), physician (β=1.421, 95% CI 0.849 to 1.992), or using literature to gain knowledge (β= 1.161, 95% CI 0.657 to 1.664) were positive predictors of higher knowledge. While having higher stress (β= -0.854, 95% CI -1.488 to -0.221) and using social media (β= -0.434, 95% CI -0.865 to -0.003) or conventional media (β= -0.884, 95% CI -1.358 to -0.409) for information were negative predictors of knowledge levels. HCPs are advised to use the literature as a source of information about the virus, its transmission, and the best practice. PPEs should be secured for HCPs to the psychological stress associated with treating COVID-19 patients.

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