scholarly journals Left Populism, State Building, Class Compromise, and Social Conflict in Ecuador’s Citizens’ Revolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Clark ◽  
Jacobo García
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Power ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Local Levels

After Rafael Correa’s 2006 presidential election in Ecuador the governing party of Correa’s Citizens’ Revolution, Alianza PAIS, consolidated political power by undertaking an unprecedented process of state building in the country’s chronically fragmented polity. An analysis of the political and economic strategies it employed emphasizes their mutually reinforcing dynamic. The Alianza PAIS was a “big-tent” party with a vanguard of figures from the traditional political left that relied on brokerage with traditional political bosses at the regional and local levels to achieve political party nationalization. The Correa government was able to consolidate political power because it upheld its initial electoral commitment to abandon orthodox neoliberalism, rebuild the state, and advance social citizenship. The division between Correa and Lenín Moreno after the April 2017 elections and the subsequent implosion of Alianza PAIS put the legacy of the Citizens’ Revolution at risk. Después de la elección de Rafael Correa como presidente de Ecuador en 2006, Alianza PAIS, el partido gobernante de su Revolución Ciudadana, consolidó el poder político emprendiendo un proceso sin precedentes de construcción del estado en el sistema político crónicamente fragmentado. Un análisis de las estrategias políticas y económicas que empleó enfatiza su dinámica de refuerzo mutuo. La Alianza PAIS era un partido de “gran carpa” con una vanguardia de figuras de la izquierda política tradicional que dependía de la intermediación con jefes políticos tradicionales a nivel regional y local para lograr la nacionalización del partido político. El gobierno de Correa pudo consolidar el poder político porque cumplió su compromiso electoral inicial de abandonar el neoliberalismo ortodoxo, reconstruir el estado y avanzar en la ciudadanía social. La división entre Correa y Lenín Moreno después de las elecciones de abril de 2017 y la posterior implosión de Alianza PAIS ponen en tela de juicio el legado de la Revolución Ciudadana.

scholarly journals Politics is making us sick: The negative impact of political engagement on public health during the Trump administration

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262022
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Trump Administration

Objectives To quantify the effect of politics on the physical, psychological, and social health of American adults during the four-year span of the Trump administration. Methods A previously validated politics and health scale was used to compare health markers in nationally representative surveys administered to separate samples in March 2017 (N = 800) and October 2020 (N = 700). Participants in the 2020 survey were re-sampled approximately two weeks after the 2020 election and health markers were compared to their pre-election baselines. Results Large numbers of Americans reported politics takes a significant toll on a range of health markers—everything from stress, loss of sleep, or suicidal thoughts to an inability to stop thinking about politics and making intemperate social media posts. The proportion of Americans reporting these effects stayed stable or slightly increased between the spring of 2017 and the fall of 2020 prior to the presidential election. Deterioration in measures of physical health became detectably worse in the wake of the 2020 election. Those who were young, politically interested, politically engaged, or on the political left were more likely to report negative effects. Conclusions Politics is a pervasive and largely unavoidable source of chronic stress that exacted significant health costs for large numbers of American adults between 2017 and 2020. The 2020 election did little to alleviate those effects and quite likely exacerbated them.

scholarly journals Role of political parties in modern processes of state building in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kyrychenko ◽  
Hanna Davlyetova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Political Power ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The People ◽  
Problematic Situations

The article examines the role of political parties in modern state-building processes in Ukraine. The place of political parties in the political and legal system of society is determined. The general directions of overcoming problematic situations of activity of political parties in Ukraine are offered. It is noted that political parties play an important role in the organization and exercise of political power, act as a kind of mediator between civil society and public authorities, influence the formation of public opinion and the position of citizens directly involved in elections to public authorities and local governments. It is determined that in a modern democratic society, political parties carry out their activities in the following areas: the work of representatives of political parties in public authorities and local governments; participation in elections of state authorities and local self-government bodies; promoting the formation and expression of political will of citizens, which involves promoting the formation and development of their political legal consciousness. These areas of political parties determine their role and importance in a modern democratic society, which determines the practical need to improve their activities and improve the national legislation of Ukraine in the field of political parties. Political parties are one of the basic institutions of modern society, they actively influence the ac-tivities of public authorities, economic and social processes taking place in the state and so on. It is through political parties that the people participate in the management of public affairs. Expressing the interest of different social communities, they become a link between the state and civil society. The people have the opportunity to delegate their powers to political parties, which achieves the ability of the people to control political power in several ways, which at the same time through competition of state political institutions and political parties contributes to increasing their responsibility to the people. It is noted that the political science literature has more than 200 definitions of political parties. And approaches to the definition of this term significantly depend on the general context in which this issue was studied by the researcher. It was emphasized that today in Ukraine there are important issues related to the activities of political parties. First of all, it is a significant number of registered political parties that are incapable, ie their political activity is conducted formally or not at all. According to official data from the Department of State Registration and Notary of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, 352 political parties are registered, of which 48 political parties do not actually function. The reason for the liquidation of such parties is not to nominate their candidates for the election of the President of Ukraine and People's Deputies of Ukraine for 10 years. According to this indicator, Ukraine ranks first among other European countries. Thus, 73 political parties are officially registered in Latvia, 38 in Lithuania, 45 in Moldova, 124 in Romania, and 56 in Slovakia. However, despite the large number of officially registered political parties in Ukraine, public confidence in their activities is low. It is concluded that political parties occupy a special place in the political and legal system of society and play an important role in the organization and exercise of political power, as well as a kind of mediator between civil society and public authorities. The general directions of overcoming problematic situations of activity of political parties in Ukraine are offered, namely: introduction of effective and impartial control over activity of political parties; creating conditions for reducing the number of political parties, encouraging their unification; establishment of effective and efficient sanctions for violation of the requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine by political parties.

scholarly journals Power, Patronage, and the Candidate-nomination Process: Observations from Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-336
Author(s):  
ADEEBA AZIZ KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
Power And Influence

AbstractIn this article, by studying the candidate-nomination process of the two major political parties, I show how power is distributed within the political party in Bangladesh. I show that the general acceptance by scholars that political power lies in the hands of the innermost circle of the political-party leadership in Bangladesh is too simplistic. A more nuanced observation of power and influence within the party structure shows that, in the context of Bangladesh's clientelistic political system, which is based on reciprocity between patrons and clients and relies on the ability of middlemen to organize and mobilize (in order to disrupt through hartals and strikes), power is often in the hands of those mid-level leaders who are in charge of mobilizing because their demands cannot be ignored by the topmost leadership. Through studying the candidate-nomination process of the major political parties and using the Narayanganj mayoral election of 2011 as a case study, I answer questions such as whose interests political parties are representing, what channels of influence are being used, and why these channels exist.

Latin-American Political Parties and Ideologies: An Overview

1967 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Donald W. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Latin American Countries

In a majority of Latin-American countries the coup d'etat rather than the ballot is still the institutionalized mechanism for transferring political power. Some states, like Haiti and Paraguay, are clearly in the “prehistory” of modern political parties. Nevertheless, in the twentieth century the political party with a developed ideology has become a major feature of Latin-American political life.

scholarly journals El sistema electoral francés

2020 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Olivier Lecucq
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Voting Methods ◽  
Democratic Life

El sistema electoral francés, que se refiere a las elecciones «políticas», tiene varias características fundamentales. La más destacada es sin duda la elección presidencial, que es EL momento electoral en Francia y que condiciona la vida del régimen político de la Quinta República. Además, el respeto de la igualdad de sufragio, los vínculos con la nacionalidad y la competencia legislativa para regular los métodos de votación de las distintas elecciones son los aspectos más destacados en materia electoral. También es importante tener en cuenta las reformas a las que ha sido sometido, en relación con el objetivo de la paridad electoral o la reconfiguración de las elecciones parlamentarias, que actualmente se está reflejando en un proyecto de ley constitucional y una ley orgánica destinada a promover la renovación de la vida democrática y la moralización de la vida pública.The French electoral system, which concerns «political» elections, is marked by several fundamental features. The most remarkable is undoubtedly the presidential election, which is THE electoral moment in France and which conditions the life of the political regime of the Fifth Republic. Beyond that, respect for equal suffrage, the links with nationality and the exercise of legislative power to define the voting methods of the various elections are the highlights of electoral matters. It is also important to take into account the reforms that have been carried out in this area, with regard to the objective of electoral parity or the reconfiguration of parliamentary elections, which is currently being reflected in a draft constitutional law and a draft organic law designed to promote the renewal of democratic life and the moralization of public life. 

scholarly journals The optimal size of a political party based on the Shapley-Shubik Power Index

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuki Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Power Index ◽  
The Political ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Party Size ◽  
The Relationship

Shapley-Shubik Power Index per person (SSPIPP) is defined as the ratio of a political party's Shapley-Shubik Power Index in Parliament to the number of people who voted for the party. SSPIPP can be regarded as the political power each of them has. This model reveals the relationship between the party size and SSPIPP and shows it in a graph. The graph is M-shaped and reveals the optimal party size that maximizes SSPIPP. According to this model, the more votes required to pass bills in Parliament, the smaller the optimal party size becomes. This model also predicts that in countries which require a supermajority vote to pass bills, party system fragmentation tends to last long.

scholarly journals Encuesta sobre los partidos políticos = Academic Survey about political parties.

2015 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Teoría y Realidad Constitucional
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Law Professors

In this academic survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer questions about the constitutional and legal regulation of political parties in a democratic system: about their function in a democratic system, their legal status, the internal organization and functioning of the political party —if it is democratic and how can it be more democratic—, about the way to elect the candidates, the funding and the finance and funding control, and, finally, about the equal opportunities clause.En esta encuesta un grupo de Catedráticos de Derecho constitucional contestan a preguntas relativas al régimen constitucional y legal de los partidos políticos en un Estado democrático: en concreto sobre sus fines y funciones en el Estado democrático, su naturaleza jurídica, la exigencia de que su organización interna y funcionamiento sean democráticos y el modo de cumplir esta exigencia, sobre el sistema de elección de los candidatos, sobre la financiación y el control financiero de los partidos, y, finalmente, sobre el principio de la igualdad de oportunidades entre partidos.

scholarly journals Rzecz o działalności politycznej mniejszości polskiej na Ukrainie (1988–2018). Wybrane aspekty

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 (176)) ◽  
pp. 325-350
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bonusiak
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Cooperation

Treatise on the Political Activity of the Polish Minority in Ukraine (1988–2018). Selected Aspects. The article presents the political activity of Polish diaspora in independent Ukraine. It shows the forms of this activity and its results, referring to examples of selected representatives of the Polish minority. The text also highlights the attempt to create an independent political movement of Poles on the Dnieper, as well as the history of activities of the independent Polish political party on the Dnieper River. The analysis of the situation taking place in the discussed range of 1988–2018 allows us to conclude that representatives of the Polish minority had the opportunity to conduct political activity in Ukraine, regardless of whether they had their own political party or not. It seems that in the specific geopolitical situation in this country the Polish diaspora can effectively operate only in close cooperation with the organizations of the national majority. This in turn allows us to state that the actions aimed at building their own political power were wrong. Keywords: Polish minority, contemporary Ukraine, politics, activity Streszczenie Artykuł prezentuje działalność polityczną Polaków na terenie niepodległej Ukrainy. Pokazuje formy tej działalności i jej rezultaty, odwołując się do przykładów wybranych przedstawicieli mniejszości polskiej. W tekście pokazana jest również próba stworzenia samodzielnego ruchu politycznego Polaków nad Dnieprem, a także przybliżona została historia zabiegów o niezależne stronnictwo polityczne Polaków nad Dnieprem. Analiza sytuacji mającej miejsce w omawianym zakresie w latach 1988–2018 pozwala stwierdzić, że przedstawiciele mniejszości polskiej mieli możliwość prowadzenia działalności politycznej na Ukrainie niezależnie od tego, czy posiadali własną partię polityczną. Wydaje się, że w specyficznej sytuacji geopolitycznej istniejącej w tym kraju diaspora polska może skutecznie działać jedynie w ścisłym związku z organizacjami większościowych grup ludności, co pozwala stwierdzić, iż działania mające na celu budowę własnej siły politycznej były błędne.

scholarly journals Implikasi Pergeseran Sistem Politik terhadap Hukum dan Birokrasi di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Suryo Gilang Romadlon
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Coalition can be the effective way to collect the power for struggle in the competitive politics. In Indonesia, after the reform era, the coalition system being the most popular system that granted by the constitution. Phrase ”coalition of political parties” in the article number 6A point (2) UUD 1945 shows us that the coalition system is the constitutional and the fix way. From all the historical story about the coalition of political parties in Indonesia, we can make a conclusion that the coalition system wich is exist in Indonesia is just coalition made by interest, not ideology. Coalition only to reach the “threshold”. Political parties only thinking about how to complete the mission to propose the candidate. Surely, That’s all the problem. We can see that the coalition system in Indonesia just make some paradox. For example, in presidential election 2014, in one hand we can see the batle between “KMP” and “KIH”, but in the other hand, we cand find a different situation in local politic competition. On 9 December 2015, The simultaneous regional election was completed held, and I saw that the battle between KMP and KIH wasn’t happened in that moment. Based on the fact from KPU, we can find in some region, the inconsistence coalition was built by the political parties which is member of KMP join with member of KIH. That condition shows us that the coalition system in Indonesia is just based on interest. There is no linear/consistence coalition between central and local, so automatically we can find a question, “where is the platform, vision and mission of political party in Indonesia? And How about the impact to the bureaucratic system between central and local government?. Finally, The Author is trying to answer the questions in this paper.

“Caught in a Culture Crossover!” Rock Against Racism and Alien Kulture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Punk Rock ◽  
The Political ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
National Front ◽  
Protest Movement ◽  
Grass Roots

This chapter provides an overview of the Rock Against Racism movement and its intersection with punk rock, as well as addressing questions regarding its engagement with Asian communities. Rock Against Racism was a grass-roots musical protest movement that operated from 1976 to 1981 in Britain. It sought to diminish the political power of the National Front, a fascist political party that primarily targeted Asian immigrant communities during the period under examination. Primarily associated with punk (largely performed by white musicians) and reggae (predominantly performed by performers from Afro-Caribbean communities), the movement has been criticized for its lack of representation of Asian communities. Drawing on an interview with the band Alien Kulture, three-quarters of whom were second-generation Pakistani, this chapter demonstrates that Asian communities were represented at Rock Against Racism events. Given that Alien Kulture were musically influenced by punk, it then considers whether this was a meaningful approach to improving multicultural cohesion.

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