Epoxidized polybutadiene rubber as an effective compatibilizer for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polybutadiene rubber blend

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110171
Author(s):  
Vivek K Srivastava ◽  
Ganesh C Basak ◽  
Sukdeb Saha ◽  
GS Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Raksh Vir Jasra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Polybutadiene Rubber ◽  
Compatibilized Blends

In the present study, epoxidized polybutadiene rubber (EBR; 30 mol% epoxidation) was synthesized using commercial-grade cis-polybutadiene rubber (BR). The EBR was successfully utilized as an effective compatibilizer between two incompatible elastomers, namely polar acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and non-polar polybutadiene rubber (BR). The NBR and BR were blended in varied formulations and studied for morphological and mechanical properties. The observed properties of the blends containing EBR, as a compatibilizer, were compared with analogous blends without EBR. The optimum loading of EBR in NBR/BR formulations was found to be 5 phr (parts per hundred gram of rubber). The significant improvement in various mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break and hardness were observed in presence of optimum loading of EBR in NBR/BR blends. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analyser (DMA) studies revealed that the compatibility between two incompatible rubbers improved in the presence of EBR. The results observed with EBR-compatibilized blends revealed that EBR can be used as an effective compatibilizer between two incompatible rubbers (NBR and BR).

Atomic Force Microscopic Research of Structural Features of Elastomeric Composite Materials Based on Butadiene Nitrile Rubber

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
N.V. Shadrinov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber

The influence of hollow corundum microspheres on mechanical properties and wear resistance of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with the lowest quantity of acrylonitrile (17-19%) have been studied. Results show that the abrasion resistance increased with increase in filler loadings at the two particle sizes investigated. Research of mechanical properties showed that strength at break decreased, while relative elongation at break increased with increase in microspheres loadings. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to perform high-resolution imaging of surfaces of NBR composites. Microspheres exfoliation from NBR matrix at uniaxial stretching was studied with the use of special device compatible with AFM. The obtained AFM images demonstrate stretched fibrils bonded to the surface of microspheres.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Dynamic Vulcanizates with In Situ Synthesized Segmented Polyurethane Matrix

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kohári ◽  
István Zoltán Halász ◽  
Tamás Bárány
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Rubber Phase

The aim of this paper was the detailed investigation of the properties of one-shot bulk polymerized thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) produced with different processing temperatures and the properties of thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizates (TDVs) made by utilizing such in situ synthetized TPUs as their matrix polymer. We combined TPUs and conventional crosslinked rubbers in order to create TDVs by dynamic vulcanization in an internal mixer. The rubber phase was based on three different rubber types: acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR), and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Our goal was to investigate the effect of different processing conditions and material combinations on the properties of the resulting TDVs with the opportunity of improving the interfacial connection between the two phases by chemically bonding the crosslinked rubber phase to the TPU matrix. Therefore, the matrix TPU was synthesized in situ during compounding from diisocyanate, diol, and polyol in parallel with the dynamic vulcanization of the rubber mixture. The mechanical properties were examined by tensile and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMTA) tests. The morphology of the resulting TDVs was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on these results, the initial temperature of 125 °C is the most suitable for the production of TDVs. Based on the atomic force micrographs, it can be assumed that phase separation occurred in the TPU matrix and we managed to evenly distribute the rubber phase in the TDVs. However, based on the SEM images, these dispersed rubber particles tended to agglomerate and form a quasi-continuous secondary phase where rubber particles were held together by secondary forces (dipole–dipole and hydrogen bonding) and can be broken up reversibly by heat and/or shear. In terms of mechanical properties, the TDVs we produced are on a par with commercially available TDVs with similar hardness.

Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber on recyclability of blends prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil S Suresh ◽  
Smita Mohanty ◽  
Sanjay K Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies

The current investigation deals with the recycling possibilities of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) in the presence of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Recycled blends of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) are successfully formed from the plastic constituents, those are recovered from waste computer products. However, lower impact performance of the blend and lower stability of the poly(vinyl chloride) phase in the recycled blend restricts its further usage in industrial purposes. Therefore, effective utilisation acrylonitrile butadiene rubber in a recycled blend was considered for improving mechanical and thermal performance. Incorporation of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber resulted in the improvement in impact performance as well as elongation-at-break of the recycled blend. The optimum impact performance was found in the blend with 9 wt% acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, which shows 363% of enhancement as compared with its parent blend. Moreover, incorporated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber also stabilises the poly(vinyl chloride) phase present in the recycled blend, similarly Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicate the interactions of various functionalities present in the recycled blend and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. In addition to this, thermogravimetric analysis indicates the improvement in the thermal stability of the recycled blend after the addition of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber into it. The existence of partial miscibility in the recycled blend was identified using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Micro and nanocomposites of polybutadienebased polyurethane liners with mineral fillers and nanoclay: thermal and mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ross ◽  
Germán Escobar ◽  
Guillermo Sevilla ◽  
Javier Quagliano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Mineral Fillers

AbstractMicro and nanocomposites of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethanes (NPU) were obtained using five mineral fillers and Cloisite 20A nanoclay, respectively. Samples were prepared by the reaction of HTPB polyol and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and the chain was further extended with glyceryl monoricinoleate to produce the final elastomeric polyurethanes. Mechanical and thermal properties were studied, showing that mineral fillers (20%w/w) significantly increased tensile strength, in particular nanoclay (at 5% w/w). When nanoclay-polymer dispersion was modified with a silane and hydantoin-bond promoter, elongation at break was significantly increased with respect to NPU with C20A. Thermal properties measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were not significantly affected in any case. The molecular structure of prepared micro and nanocomposites was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Interaction of fillers with polymer chains is discussed, considering the role of silanes in compatibilization of hydrophilic mineral fillers and hydrophobic polymer. The functionalization of nanoclay with HMDS silane was confirmed using FTIR. Microstructure of NPU with C20A nanoclay was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

scholarly journals Poly(furfuryl alcohol)-Polycaprolactone Blends

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Nanni ◽  
José A. Heredia-Guerrero ◽  
Uttam C. Paul ◽  
Silvia Dante ◽  
Gianvito Caputo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a bioresin synthesized from furfuryl alcohol (FA) that is derived from renewable saccharide-rich biomass. In this study, we compounded this bioresin with polycaprolactone (PCL) for the first time, introducing new functional polymer blends. Although PCL is biodegradable, its production relies on petroleum precursors such as cyclohexanone oils. With the method proposed herein, this dependence on petroleum-derived precursors/monomers is reduced by using PFA without significantly modifying some important properties of the PCL. Polymer blend films were produced by simple solvent casting. The blends were characterized in terms of surface topography by atomic force microscopy (AFM), chemical interactions between PCL and PFA by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), crystallinity by XRD, thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical properties by tensile tests and biocompatibility by direct and indirect toxicity tests. PFA was found to improve the gas barrier properties of PCL without compromising its mechanical properties, and it demonstrated sustained antioxidant effect with excellent biocompatibility. Our results indicate that these new blends can be potentially used in diverse applications ranging from food packing to biomedical devices.

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF META-PENTADECENYL PHENOL FUNCTIONALIZED ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER NANOCLAY COMPOSITES

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Samantarai ◽  
Ahindra Nag ◽  
Nitesh Singh ◽  
Debabrata Dash ◽  
Golok B. Nando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Free Radical Initiator

ABSTRACT The physico-mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of meta-pentadecenyl phenol (cardanol) functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (CGNBR) composites containing sodium montmorillonite clay were determined via studies on the functionalization of NBR by grafting cardanol onto its backbone main chain in the latex stage using benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. Results show an improvement in technical properties for functionalized NBR nanocomposites over the NBR nanocomposite. Air and ASTM 3 oil aging studies at 100 °C confirmed an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation at break for CGNBR compared to the dioctyl phthalate plasticized NBR nanocomposite. Fire and flame retardancy studies showed an increased limiting oxygen index for functionalized NBR over the NBR nanoclay composite. Results delineate the method of preparation and characterization of functionalized NBR and oil plasticized NBR nanoclay composites to achieve an improved oil resistance effect for functionalized NBR over NBR nanocomposite.

Properties of Recycled Poly(vinylchloride)/ Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Blends: The Effect of Maleic Acid

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supri A. Ghani ◽  
H. Ismail ◽  
A.M.M Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Lower Elongation

Maleic acid (MAc) was used to improve the compatibility of recycled poly(vi nylchloride)(PVCr)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends. Virgin PVC (PVCv) blends with NBR were also prepared for comparison. The blends were melt mixed using a Haake Rheomix Polydrive R 600/610 at 150 °C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm. It was found that the maleic acid significantly improved the PVCr/NBR blends properties. At a similar blend composition, the PVCr/NBR + MAc blends exhibited a higher peak stress and a higher stress at 100% elongation (M100) but a lower elongation at break and a lower swelling index than ordinary PVCr/NBR blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile fracture surfaces of the blends indicated that the maleic acid increased the interfacial interaction between the PVCr and NBR phases, thus improving their compatibility. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the PVCr/NBR with MAc incorporated had a higher Tg than the PVCr/NBR and PVCv/NBR blends.

scholarly journals The effect of carbon black on the curing and mechanical properties of natural rubber/ acrylonitrile- butadiene rubber composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
H. Boukfessa ◽  
B. Bezzazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Different Content

The present work investigates the effect of the amount of carbon black on curing and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasion resistance of the natural rubber (NR)/ acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blend. For that purpose, a blend composed of 65% NR and 35% NBR filled with different content of carbon black N330 was used. The curing results indicate that the viscosity and the crosslink density of rubber composites increase and the scorch and curing times decrease with increasing the filler content. Mechanical properties such as tensile modulus and hardness of the CB filled NR/NBR blend were remarkably improved, indicating the inherent reinforcing potential of CB. Regarding tensile strength and abrasion resistance, they increase with the addition of carbon black, up to 50 phr. After that, these properties decrease slightly with filleraddition.

Crystallization, structural and mechanical properties of PA6/PC/NBR ternary blends: effect of NBR-g-GMA compatibilizer and organoclay

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Delkash ◽  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Razi Sahraieyan ◽  
Elnaz Esmizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTernary blends based on polyamide 6 (PA6)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)/polycarbonate (PC) were prepared by melt compounding via extrusion process. The effect of organoclay (OC), compatibilizer, and blend ratio was investigated on structural and mechanical properties of the blend. The effect of OC and compatibilizer studied on crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity of PA6/NBR/PC ternary blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Improvement in the crystal structure of compatibilized blend compared to unfilled blend was observed by polarized optical microscope. Dispersion of OC into PA6/NBR/PC ternary blends was done by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray. The results confirmed the exfoliation of OC particles into the polymer matrix. The improvement in yield stress and tensile modulus of the ternary blend was observed in the presence of OC. The impact strength showed an increase using NBR-glycidyl methacrylate-grafted (g-GMA) to prepare compatibilized PA6/NBR/PC ternary blend.

Investigating hollow corundum microspheres exfoliation of the elastomeric matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
N. V. Shadrinov ◽  
U. V. Evseeva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elastomeric Matrix ◽  
Atomic Force

The results of study of the influence of hollow corundum microspheres HCM-S (5–100 µm) and HCM-L (70–180 µm) on the properties of nitrile butadiene rubber BNKS-18 are presented. The dependence of elastomer resistance to abrasion impact and physic and mechanical properties on the dispersion and concentration of hollow corundum microspheres is shown. The process of hollow corundum microspheres exfoliation of the elastomeric matrix, which largely determines the change of physic and mechanical properties, has been studied by specially developed stretching device compatible with an atomic force microscope. The paper describes microspheres exfoliation which is conventionally divided into 3 stages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document