Sun Yat-sen as Guofu: Competition over Nationalist Party Orthodoxy in the Second Sino-Japanese War

Modern China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-235
Author(s):  
Yue Du
Keyword(s):  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
State Building ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Political Purpose ◽  
Political Legitimation

This article explores the significance of the cult of Sun Yat-sen, often referred to as “Father of the [modern Chinese] Nation” 國父 (Guofu), for Nationalist state-building in China. Although Sun Yat-sen’s title of Guofu was formalized only in 1940 as a result of competition over Nationalist Party (Guomindang, GMD) orthodoxy between opposing Nationalist regimes in Chongqing and Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the term reflected the ongoing importance of Sun’s legacy in securing political legitimacy in the Chinese Republic. Overall, the GMD promulgated state-sponsored veneration of the Guofu to justify its political tutelage in the name of parental guardianship over the Chinese people. Yet Sun’s legacy allowed for multiple interpretations, which complicates any effort to lock this legacy to one political purpose. The development of different elements of the Guofu’s legacy by competing wartime regimes shows how it failed to provide a truly unifying tool for political legitimation.

On Sinofuturism

Screen Bodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Yunying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dominant Design ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Cultural Expressions ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Dominant design narratives about “the future” contain many contemporary manifestations of “orientalism” and Anti-Chineseness. In US discourse, Chinese people are often characterized as a single communist mass and the primary market for which this future is designed. By investigating the construction of modern Chinese pop culture in Chinese internet and artificial intelligence, and discussing different cultural expressions across urban, rural, and queer Chinese settings, I challenge external Eurocentric and orientalist perceptions of techno-culture in China, positing instead a view of Sinofuturism centered within contemporary Chinese contexts.

“Head” Related Phrases In Chinese Language And Their Semantics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (08) ◽  
pp. 621-630
Author(s):  
Tair Akimov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Practical Life

Everyone knows that phraseological units are the most popular genre of oral folk art, which was formed as a result of life observations of the ancestors. Learning and analyzing Chinese phraseology allow us to better understand the inner world of the Chinese nation. This article reveals and semantically analyzes aspects of the word “head” that are closely related to Chinese culture. The worldview, deep logical thoughts, feelings, superstitions, lifestyle and environment of the Chinese people are described in phraseological expressions in a concise and clear form. This article discusses the semantics and features of Chinese-language phraseological phrases associated with the word “head”. Chinese-language phrases associated with “head” express meanings such as wisdom and ignorance, process of thinking, cunning,sagacity, and planning. Phraseological units in Chinese linguistics are closely related to practical life and determine such features as philosophical and ideological thinking, logical observation. Taking into account the above, the article provides a comparative analysis of phraseological units related to “head” in Chinese and Uzbek languages. The figurative meanings of the word “head” are being revealed, semantic connections and semantic structure of phrases in the sentence are in the process of learning. Chinese phraseological expressions are poorly studied in Uzbek-Chinese studies. We hope that this work will provide practical assistance to our young people who are learning Chinese.

scholarly journals Legends about plants as a refl ection of the worldview of the Chinese people

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
T. DanDan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
New Information ◽  
Chinese Plant ◽  
The Relationship

Flowers, fruits and trees grow everywhere. They are separated only by species diff erences and regional differences. After their birth, at the beginning of growth, they do not carry any cultural information. However, when a person begins to interact with nature more closely, a two-way connection is established between them. When plants came into the interest of ancient writers, they became the basis of a rich plant culture that was strongly associated with ancient diet, medicine, politics, folklore, and aesthetics. The relationship between people and plants has a long history: in constant contact with a person, plants gradually turn from material resources into cultural symbols associated with personal feelings, national character, folk traditions, etc. In addition, the legend of plants contains the traditional moral ideas of the Chinese nation, a description of family relationships and shows the development of human civilization. The object of this article is legends about plants. The article substantiates the cultural function and value of such legends, as well as the refl ection of the worldview of the Chinese people through these legends. In addition, the analysis and classifi cation of the types and characteristics of the national culture through the prism of legends about plants is carried out. This study provides new information needed to understand the Chinese nation and its culture, as Chinese plant legends carry people’s views on history, ethics and morality

Honouring the Prophet's Family: A Comparison of the Approaches to Political Legitimacy of Abū’lḤasan ʿAlī al-Marīnī and Aḥmad al-Manṣūr al-Saʿdī

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cory
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Political Legitimation

Although the fourteenth century Marīnids openly acknowledged their Berber identity, by the end of the sixteenth century, sharīfian descent had become a requirement for Moroccan rule. This chapter examines the political propaganda of the Marīnid sultan Abū’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī (r. 731–752/1331–1351) and the Saʿdī sultan Aḥmad al-Manṣūr al-Dhahabī (r. 986–1012/1578–1603). It considers similarities and differences between their political propaganda in light of their differing historical circumstances, particularly the relative power of sharīfian movements during their respective reigns, as well as the importance of holy lineages, monarchical treatment of the shurafāʾ, and the role of ceremonies in political legitimation. It argues that the Saʿdī ability to convince Moroccans of their sharīfian lineage connected with a larger trend to equate political power with descent from the Prophet and reinforced their authority. In contrast, the Marīnids contributed to their own downfall through their inconsistent policies towards honouring the shurafāʾ.

Introduction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira K. Bennison
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
Two Sides

This chapter provides an introduction to the theme of political legitimacy in the medieval Islamic Maghrib and al-Andalus. It reviews previous historiographical approaches to the subject and considers the Arabic sources for the period, arguing for the importance of considering the two sides of the straits of Gibraltar as a single cultural zone. It then looks at political legitimacy in the Islamic Middle East and North Africa in general before tracing the evolution of particular themes in the Maghrib and al-Andalus up to the period covered by the volume. It ends with a brief review of the other chapters in the volume and their multi-disciplinary contribution to understandings of political legitimation in the region.

scholarly journals Can the Chinese Nation Be One? Gu Jiegang, Chinese Muslims, and the Reworking of Culturalism

Modern China ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh K. Jenco
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Cultural Assimilation ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Hybrid Concept ◽  
Chinese Muslims ◽  
Political Project

This article examines how the classicist and folklorist Gu Jiegang, in conversation with his Hui (Chinese Muslim) colleagues at the Yugong study society and journal (published 1934–1937), theorized the “Chinese nation” ( Zhonghua minzu) as an internally plural and open-ended political project, to resist homogenizing claims by both Japanese imperialists and the ruling Chinese Nationalist party under Chiang Kai-shek in the 1930s. Echoing the struggles of his Hui colleagues to articulate their place in the nation as both Muslim and Chinese, Gu reworked traditional “culturalist” assumptions about the non-racial character of identity formation to pose minority experience as constitutive of a constantly expanding and transforming political community. When Gu asserted in his notorious 1939 essay that the “ Zhonghua minzu Is One,” he posed a unity built not on cultural assimilation or ethnic identity, but on a shared political commitment to an expansive and culturally hybrid concept of the “Chinese nation.”

Political legitimacy and Islam in the Ottoman Empire

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Barkey
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Diverse Form ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
Role Of Religion

This article explores the role of religion in Ottoman political legitimation. It shows that the Ottoman rulers were interested in a much more expansive, diverse form of political legitimation that included Islamic religious legitimation, but also used toleration and sultanic law to construct a more capacious form of political legitimation that included Muslim and non-Muslim populations of the empire.

Chinese Muslims in Transregional Spaces of Mainland China, Taiwan, and Beyond in the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Wlodzimierz Cieciura
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Chinese Muslims ◽  
History Of

This article examines the modern social history of Chinese Hui Muslims in the context of transregional connections within and beyond the borders of the two modern Chinese nation-states, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan. The article applies Engseng Ho’s concepts for the study of Inter-Asia to the biographical study of several prominent Hui religious professionals and intellectuals. The experiences and personal contributions to the development of modern Chinese Muslim culture of people like Imam Ma Songting are scrutinized, along with political and ideological conflicts over different visions of Chineseness and “Huiness” during the turbulent twentieth century. It is argued that when studying the social history of Chinese Muslims, researchers should not limit themselves to the religious activities of Hui elites that occurred within the confines of the two Chinese nation-states, but should also take into consideration the expansion of those elites’ religious activities abroad and the intensive circulation of knowledge across Inter-Asian spaces in which they participated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document