Hierarchy, Resentment, and Pride: Politics of Identity and Belonging among Mosuo, Yi, and Han in Southwest China

Modern China ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 009770042110178
Author(s):  
Chun-Yi Sum ◽  
Tami Blumenfield ◽  
Mary K. Shenk ◽  
Siobhán M. Mattison
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Citizenship ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Ethnic Prejudice ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Interethnic Relationships ◽  
A Site

How do non-Han populations in China navigate the paradoxical expectations to become “proper” Chinese citizens, like the majority Han, while retaining pride in cultural practices and traditions that mark their differences? This article examines how Mosuo (otherwise known as Na) people in Southwest China have constructed the moral legitimacy of their ethnic traditions and identity through redirecting the Orientalizing gaze toward their Yi neighbors, another ethnic minority in the region. This argument, which displaces the analytical focus from the majority Han and the political state in analyses of the maintenance of ethnic boundaries, delineates how prejudice against a third-party ethnic other can serve as an important pathway for establishing cultural citizenship in the People’s Republic of China. The article ends with a discussion of the methodological significance of this lens for understanding interethnic relationships, while recognizing the challenges of examining ethnic prejudice as a site for negotiating identity and citizenship.

scholarly journals Compensation for harm resulting from the usage of a building: Comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese law

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-476
Author(s):  
Evgeniy A. Erbakhaev ◽  
◽  
Maxim V. Kratenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roof Falling

The article examines the problem of compensation for harm caused in the process of using a building and structure. Attention is paid to the side of the defendant in relation to apartment buildings and non-residential buildings, the distribution of liability in the case of a plurality of tortfeasors, the regulation of third-party liability issues by the contract. A comparative analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China regulating the liability of building’s owners (users) and contractors involved in the maintenance of a building as well as court practice is conducted. The choice of the Chinese legal system is due to the presence of special rules in Tort Liability Law of China (2009). According to the results of the study, the authors have formulated a number of proposals, in particular: to unify the legal regime for residential and non-residential buildings for the purposes of compensation for harm caused to third parties; to differentiate the liability for harm caused by the destruction of a building (its structural components) and damage due to items falling out from the building (snow or ice falling from the roof, falling advertising designs, objects being thrown out of the building, etc.), to allow the contractual regulation of owner’s liability provided that the victim is given the right to choose the defendant (the building’s owner or the maintenance company, the contractor involved). The authors also argue in favor of a codified act as a source of tort law, which will ensure consistent regulation of the studied relations.

The Sino-Soviet Split and Problems for the United States in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, 1956–64

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

This chapter examines the Sino-Soviet split and its implications for the United States' policies in Asia, Europe, and the Americas during the period 1956–1964. Coordination and comity in the communist camp peaked between 1953 and 1957, but alliance between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China (PRC) was relatively short-lived. This was caused by ideological differences, distrust, and jealous rivalries for international leadership between Nikita Khrushchev and Mao Zedong. The chapter explains what caused the strain in Sino-Soviet relations, and especially the collapse of Sino-Soviet military and economic cooperation. It also considers the effects of the Sino-Soviet disputes on third-party communists in Asia, China's foreign policy activism, and the catalytic effect of the Sino-Soviet split on Soviet foreign policy.

Redevelopment of Rural Settlements in Lizhuang Town, Yibin City, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Yin Pan ◽  
Tiejun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
Urbanization In China

Due to the rapid urbanization in China, the living environment in urban areas improves considerably, while that in rural settlements does not improve remarkably, or even worsens. The purpose of the research is to propose an organizational approach to the improvement of the living environment in the poverty-stricken rural settlements and an architectural design pattern under a variety of requirements in the context of China’s rapid urbanization and socio-economic development in the redevelopment of rural settlements in Yongsheng Village, Lizhuang Town, Yibin City of Sichuan Province in Southwest China. In this redevelopment project, the architects, as the important third party, are not just architects in the traditional sense in that they are involved in the organizational process and architectural design throughout the whole project. The redevelopment project has been completed, and is aimed at providing a scientific redevelopment model and a design method for other rural residents by guiding them in the improvement of their living environment under a variety of restrictions.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mary Augusta Brazelton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Concepts Of Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Site

This introductory chapter provides a background of how mass immunization programs made vaccination a cornerstone of Chinese public health and China a site of consummate biopower, or power over life. Over the twentieth century, through processes of increasing force, vaccines became medical technologies of governance that bound together the individual and the collective, authorities and citizens, and experts and the uneducated. These programs did not just transform public health in China—they helped shape the history of global health. The material and administrative systems of mass immunization on which these health campaigns relied had a longer history than the People's Republic of China itself. The Chinese Communist Party championed as its own invention and dramatically expanded immunization systems that largely predated 1949 and had originated with public health programs developed in southwestern China during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945. The nationwide implementation of these systems in the 1950s relied on transformations in research, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and concepts of disease that had begun in the first decades of the twentieth century. These processes spanned multiple regime changes, decades of war, and diverse forms of foreign intervention. Most important, they brought with them new ideas about what it meant to be a citizen of China.

Presenting self and aligning as a team through narratives of victimhood among Kazakh-speaking village neighbors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisulu Kulbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
And Function

Abstract This study illustrates how personal narratives of victimized self serve two Kazakh-speaking village neighbors to accomplish self-presentation during a mealtime interaction. Integrating Goffman’s (1959) theorization of self-presentation with narrative positioning (Bamberg, 1997; Schiffrin, 1996) and Muslim cultural practices (e.g., Al Zidjaly, 2006), this study conceptualizes mealtime conversations as frontstage and examines two victimhood narratives after providing the sequential overview of the twelve narratives occurred in the interaction. The analysis illustrates how linguistic construction of agentive and epistemic selves of the narrators position them as victims (whose personal items are stolen) in relation to other neighbors (who do the act of stealing) in the story world. This juxtaposition of “I” vs. “Others” in the story world allows the neighbor-tellers to present an idealized self (morally superior neighbors) and function as a team by getting lower hand and aligning with one another against a third party (morally wrong neighbors) in the interaction.

scholarly journals Online and Offline Religion in China: A Protestant WeChat “Alter-Public” through the Bible Handcopying Movement

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Carsten Vala ◽  
Jianbo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practice ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
A Site ◽  
State Restrictions ◽  
Chinese Citizen ◽  
Online Group

Studies of digital religion frequently take democratic regime settings and developed economic contexts for granted, leaving regime and economic development levels as background factors (Campbell 2013). However, in China, the role of the authoritarian state, restrictions on religion, and rapid social change mean that online and offline religious practices will develop in distinct ways. This article analyzes the 2019 Bible handcopying movement promoted through China’s most popular social media WeChat as a way to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the publication of China’s most widely used translation of the Bible. Drawing on interviews by and communication with the movement’s founder, the co-authors participated in and collected postings from a 500-member WeChat group from March to August 2019. We argue that while offline handcopying is an innovation in religious practice due to Chinese cultural and historical traditions, the online group constitutes a micro-scale “alter-public” (Chen 2015; Warner 2002), a site for religious discussion, prayer, and devotion that strengthens an “alternative” Protestant identity alongside that of Chinese citizen of the People’s Republic of China.

scholarly journals Specific tolerance to neural allografts induced with an antibody to the interleukin 2 receptor.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Wood ◽  
D J Sloan ◽  
M J Dallman ◽  
H M Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Interleukin 2 Receptor ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complexes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Brain

Despite considerable evidence documenting the central nervous system as a site of immunological privilege, immune responses do occur within the brain and neural allografts between major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) and minor antigen incompatible rat strains may be rejected. The survival of completely MHC incompatible neural allografts has been found to be prolonged indefinitely after administration of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) for 10 d after transplantation. Here we present evidence that rats with long-term surviving lateral ventricular neural allografts, after anti-IL-2R treatment, accept subsequent neural allografts from the same donor strain, placed in a peripheral nonprivileged site, but rapidly reject third-party grafts. Thus, treatment with a mAb to the p55 chain of the IL-2R has resulted in the specific acceptance of second grafts of fully allogeneic neural tissue. These results suggest that ongoing interaction between elements of the host immune system and alloantigen within the brain maintains the tolerant state and furthermore, that interruption of signaling through the IL-2R may be important in allospecific tolerance induction.

The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Oreskes ◽  
Erik M. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
The Face

Authors' note: Science fiction writers construct an imaginary future; historians attempt to reconstruct the past. Ultimately, both are seeking to understand the present. In this essay, we blend the two genres to imagine a future historian looking back on a past that is our present and (possible) future. The occasion is the tercentenary of the end of Western culture (1540 – 2073); the dilemma being addressed is how we – the children of the Enlightenment – failed to act on robust information about climate change and knowledge of the damaging events that were about to unfold. Our historian concludes that a second Dark Age had fallen on Western civilization, in which denial and self-deception, rooted in an ideological fixation on “free” markets, disabled the world's powerful nations in the face of tragedy. Moreover, the scientists who best understood the problem were hamstrung by their own cultural practices, which demanded an excessively stringent standard for accepting claims of any kind – even those involving imminent threats. Here, our future historian, living in the Second People's Republic of China, recounts the events of the Period of the Penumbra (1988 – 2073) that led to the Great Collapse and Mass Migration (2074).

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