Neuroscience-Based Lie Detection: The Urgent Need for Regulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 377-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Greely ◽  
Judy Illes
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Technical Illustration

“Illustration” or “map” are among the most frequently used words for translating the Chinese character tu, a graphic representation of any phenomenon that can be pictured in life and society, whether in traditional China or elsewhere. Investigations of the early role of tu in Chinese culture first set out to answer questions about who produced tu, the background of its originator, and the originator's purpose. How were pictures conceptualized? Interpreted? In examining tu, Chinese scholars stressed the relational aspect of tu and shu (writing) to answer both these questions, as well as to the importance of not robbing an image of its overall beauty and life with too much graphic detail. In the West, specific concepts of technical or scientific illustrations did not exist before the Renaissance. With the coming of that age, technical illustration became a specific branch of knowledge and activity, with its own specific goals and ends.

The Literati and the Dao

2019 ◽  
pp. 373-392
Author(s):  
Scott Lash
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The West ◽  
Imperial State

This chapter develops the argument that China is a civilizational state and follows a trajectory different from that of the Western nation-state. Weber is correct in selecting features of Chinese culture and social and political structure that stand in contrast to Western forms of rationalization: the role of magic, the particularism of guilds, the absence of the Western polis and Roman law, and the universalism demanded of Christianity in contrast to the religions of southeast Asia. Following Sheldon Pollock’s The Language of the Gods in the World of Men, the nature of language itself differentiates Latin in the West, Sanskrit in south and southeast Asia, and Chinese analogical language in China. Language, or langue-pensée, has a determining effect on stratification and configurations of power, especially in the development of the vernacularization of language as a precondition for the nation-state. China, in contrast to India and the West, resisted vernacularization. It is as if the West had kept to the Latin of the Holy Roman Empire. The nature of Chinese language therefore is intrinsic to the civilization and imperial state in China to this day.

scholarly journals Inspiration from the Development of Public Administration in the West for Studies of Public Administration in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51
Author(s):  
Lisheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The West ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Role ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Chinese Public ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Many Western-based theories of public administration have had some traction in the Chinese setting. However, they also point to the importance of context and the need to ensure that the theory is relevant to the setting. In this regard, theory needs to be both clearly developed and there are various routes that can be taken. In this article, I share with readers some of my thoughts emanating from my teaching and research over the past two decades, namely, inspiration from the development of public administration in the West for studies of public administration in China. The two analytical lenses that I use for this article are the five essential attributes of public administration and the instrumental and value rationalities as the fundamental nature of the various schools of thought in the development of public administration in the West. The five essential attributes refer to core value, assumptions about human nature, methodology, government role, and disciplinary positioning. They serve as references for my review of the field of public administration in China. Over the last four decades, public administration research in China has resulted in the restoration of the discipline, the flourishing of teaching and research programmes, and active exchanges with colleagues around the world. However, Chinese public administration is facing an “identity crisis”. Chinese scholars have become used to playing the role of consumers of imported concepts, theories, and methods. At this stage it is urgent that they develop their own unique paradigm, including concepts, theories, and methodologies, and contribute to the progress of the whole discipline. The goal of forming their own theoretical framework is urging our Chinese colleagues to challenge themselves to consciously engage in independent theoretical thought. More specifically, they should try to keep abreast of the theoretical developments in the West and lay emphasis on cutting-edge research, avoid not seeing the forest for the trees, and practise timely adoption of dominant theories.

The paradigms of religious and philosophical plurality

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Lippiello
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Chinese Values ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
China Today

The beginning of the twentieth century marked the confutation and negation of traditional Chinese values by intellectuals, who thought that Confucianism, and in general traditional Chinese culture, had hindered scientific, economic, and social progress. Nonetheless, we are now witnessing a revival of the tradition, from a political and cultural perspective, aiming to address and provide resolutions to the contradictions and issues of contemporary societies. Which are the most valuable traditions in China today, and what is their impact on Chinese society? This paper will provide some of the theories promoted by Chinese scholars and their interpretation of the role of philosophy and religion today.

Developing a Discipline: The Recent Study of Western Church History in the People's Republic of China

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-528
Author(s):  
LONG XIUQING
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Church History ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Interpretative Framework

The growth in the study of church history in China is one outcome of Deng Xiaoping's policy of ‘reform and opening’, as well as a result of increasing exchanges of scholars and ideas between China and the west during recent years. Since the 1980s Chinese scholars have to a great degree abandoned the Marxist interpretative framework, and gradually developed their own interpretations and methodologies for the study of church history. In consequence, academic studies in the 1990s displayed a fair, honest and objective character which marked the process of maturation in the development of church history as a discipline. In this process Professor Yu Ke played an important role, of inheriting the past and ushering in the future as the real founder of the discipline in China.

The Interplay of Philosophy and Religion in the Chinese Culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Jan Konior
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Western World ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Philosophical Dialogue ◽  
Chinese Thought ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Role Of Religion

The aim of this article is to present the interplay between philosophy, religion and culture in China, to give a clear picture of philosophical, religious and cultural aspects of Chinese culture. What do we understand by Chinese culture? What is the role of Religion and Philosophy in Chinese Culture? The goal of this presentation is to present a deeper account of the philosophical, cultural and traditional differences and similarities between the Chinese and the Western World. What is the meaning of Chinese philosophical ideas? How do we understand and interpret Chinese thought? How do we build a bridge between East and West focused on cultural, philosophical and religious aspects? What has the West done for China and what has China done for West? Are we partners in inter-religious, cultural and philosophical dialogue?

scholarly journals Guanxi, Social Capital and Networking

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Gema I. Sornoza-Parrales ◽  
Adrián O. Macías-Loor ◽  
Adriana Castillo-Merino ◽  
Sandra P. Toala-Bozada ◽  
Mónica del Pilar Quinónez-Cercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Great Responsibility ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Over Time

<p style="text-align: justify;">This article synthesizes the meaning and importance of Guanxi which is describes as the basic dynamics of personalized networks of influence and constitutes a central concept in Chinese society. Based on their own definitions of relationships, the West usually interprets it as a set of relationships and connections. However, it is much more complicated and intricate. Guanxi is one of the most powerful forces in Chinese culture, encompassing the idea of a complex series of connections of individuals and families with which a person is connected. Guanxi is created and deepened over time and brings with it a great responsibility in terms of social exchanges and favors. Understanding the role of Guanxi in business is very important to develop fruitful relationships in China. The nature of Guanxi reciprocity and the implicit obligations are one of the main reasons why the Chinese are reluctant to embark on deep business relationships with people they do not know. Literally "Guanxi" means the connection between two or more people through a relationship of mutual dependence that includes the realization of reciprocal personal gifts and favors.</p>

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Magistri Legis. Eine Studie zur dogmatischen Funktion im industriellen System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-112
Author(s):  
Pierre Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Social Function ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
New Look

"Der Beitrag reevaluiert die «dogmatische Funktion», eine soziale Funktion, die mit biologischer und kultureller Reproduktion und folglich der Reproduktion des industriellen Systems zusammenhängt. Indem sie sich auf der Grenze zwischen Anthropologie und Rechtsgeschichte des Westens situiert, nimmt die Studie die psychoanalytische Frage nach der Rolle des Rechts im Verhalten des modernen Menschen erneut in den Blick. </br></br>This article reappraises the dogmatic function, a social function related to biological and cultural reproduction and consequently to the reproduction of the industrial system itself. On the borderline of anthropology and of the history of law – applied to the West – this study takes a new look at the question raised by psychoanalysis concerning the role of law in modern human behaviour. "

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Chief Editor ◽  
City Council ◽  
The West ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Warm Summer ◽  
The City

On a warm summer afternoon in 1561, Calvin’s chief editor donned a heavy stole, thick robes, and a gleaming tiara and proceeded to strut and fret his hour upon the stage in a comedy of his own devising. For little more than a century, Christians in the West had celebrated on August 6th Christ’s Transfiguration as the son of God in shining robes. But on this Sunday in Geneva, the city council, consistory, and an audience fresh from having attended edifying sermons at morning service gathered to applaud the transfiguration of the learned Conrad Badius into the title role of ...

Levantine Art in the “Orientalizing” Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 369-383
Author(s):  
Marian H. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
First Millennium

The “Orientalizing period” represents a scholarly designation used to describe the eighth and seventh centuries bce when regions in Greece, Italy, and farther west witnessed a flourishing of arts and cultures attributed to contact with cultural areas to the east—in particular that of the Phoenicians. This chapter surveys Orientalizing as an intellectual and historiographic concept and reconsiders the role of purportedly Phoenician arts within the existing scholarly narratives. The Orientalizing period should be understood as a construct of nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholarship that was structured around a false dichotomy between the Orient (the East) and the West. The designation “Phoenician” has a similarly complex historiographic past rooted in ancient Greek stereotyping that has profoundly shaped modern scholarly interpretations. This chapter argues that the luxury arts most often credited as agents of Orientalization—most prominent among them being carved ivories, decorated metal bowls, and engraved tridacna shells—cannot be exclusively associated with a Phoenician cultural origin, thus calling into question the primacy of the Phoenicians in Orientalizing processes. Each of these types of objects appears to have a much broader production sphere than is indicated by the attribute as Phoenician. In addition, the notion of unidirectional influences flowing from east to west is challenged, and instead concepts of connectivity and networking are proposed as more useful frameworks for approaching the problem of cultural relations during the early part of the first millennium bce.

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