Trade and Turning Points in Labor Migration

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian A. Alburo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between trade and migration for the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand using three methods: (1) a comparison of graphic representations of trade and migration flows; (2) postulation and testing of a statistical relationship; and (3) a comparison of revealed comparative advantage for goods with that for services. In addition, trade and migration flows are presented for other Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The results reveal a correlation between turning points in trade and migration that supports the existing view that these flows are substitutes.

Labor Migration and Trafficking among Vietnamese Migrants in Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 653 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danièle Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Bonded Labor ◽  
Migration Flows

Asia is known as a continent where human trafficking is particularly prevalent. Departing from the bulk of research on trafficking in Asia that focuses on illegal migration and prostitution, this article examines the embeddedness of human trafficking in legal temporary migration flows. This analysis uses survey and interview data to document the experiences of Vietnamese migrants who worked in East Asian countries. It identifies a continuum of trafficking, abuse, exploitation, and forced labor, and examines how exploitation begins at the recruitment stage with the creation of bonded labor. Guest-worker programs in destination countries put migrants in particularly precarious situations, which do, in some cases, qualify as trafficking. I argue that temporary migration programs may create the conditions that lead to extreme forms of exploitation among many legal migrant workers in the region.

The Regional Economic Crisis and Singapore: Implications for Labor Migration

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng-Tat Hui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Backed by sound economic fundamentals and policies, the Singapore economy has so far been able to cope relatively well with the economic crisis. However because of its close links with the regional economies, the deepening crisis is expected to result in a significant economic slowdown not seen since the last recession in 1985. The worsening labor market conditions are not expected to lead to massive retrenchment and repatriation of foreign workers because of the policy of retaining workers by performance rather than by their nationality. Irregular migration is an increasing problem and as unemployment rises, the effective regulation and management of foreign labor and migration flows pose a crucial challenge to policy makers in Singapore.

scholarly journals Diseguaglianze economiche, squilibri ambientali e flussi migratori

2018 ◽  
pp. 423-439
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.-L’obiettivo di questo paper è quello di rilevare l’inadeguatezza dell’economics rispetto alla spiegazione della relazione esistente tra i problemi relativi allo sviluppo, agli squilibri ambientali e ai flussi migratori. Mentre questi tre ordini di problemi, presi singolarmente, sono spesso al centro di discussioni pubbliche e politiche, sul piano analitico manca ancora un soddisfacente approccio in grado di spiegarne connessioni causali e implicazioni sociali. Ciò appare sorprendente, specie se si considera che già gli Illuministi avevano avviato una ricca riflessione su questi temi. Si cercherà di dimostrare che l’impoverimento analitico è sopraggiunto nel XIX secolo, con l’adozione della categoria dell’homo oeconomicus e che tale impoverimento, ad oggi, impedisce di spiegare fenomeni come le “migrazioni ambientali” non ancora pienamente e univocamente riconosciute in letteratura. Parole chiave: sviluppo, giustizia sociale, cambiamenti climatici, migrazioni, Illuminismo. Economic inequalities,environmental imbalances and migration flows Abstract -The aim of this paper is to point out how inappropriate economics is for explaining the relationship between development problems, environmental imbalances and migration flows. While these problems, taken individually, are often the focus of public and political discussions, there is still no satisfactory analytical approach able to deal with their causal connections and social implications. This seems surprising, especially if one considers that the Enlightenment thinkers were already engaged in a rich reflection on these issues. In this paper we will try to demonstrate that a kind of analytical impoverishment occurred in the nineteenth century, with the adoption of the homo oeconomicus category and that such an impoverishment, nowadays, prevents us from explaining phenomena such as “environmental migrations”, which are not yet fully and unambiguously recognized in economic literature. Keywords: development, social justice, climate change,migrations, Enlightenment

Does Aid Drive Migration? Evidence from a Shift-Share Instrument∗

2022 ◽  
pp. 019791832110693
Author(s):  
Hamish Fitchett ◽  
Dennis Wesselbaum
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Global North ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Foreign aid payments have been a key policy response by Global North countries to reduce increased migration flows from the Global South. In this article, we contribute to the literature on the relationship between aid and international migration flows and estimate the contemporaneous effect of bilateral aid payments on bilateral, international migration flows. The fundamental problem in analyzing this relationship is endogeneity, or reverse causality. To address this issue and achieve causal inference, we use a shift-share, or Bartik, instrument. Examining migration flows between 198 origin countries and 16 OECD destination countries over 36 years (1980−2015), we find a positive relationship between aid and migration. A ten-percent increase in aid payments will increase migration by roughly 2 percent. We further document non-linearity in the relationship between aid and migration and find an inverted U-shaped relationship between aid and migration flows. The findings presented here have implications for the design of bilateral and multilateral aid policies and for achieving various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by stressing the importance of a better coordination between aid and immigration policies.

scholarly journals Rainfall and self-selection patterns in Mexico-US migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Self Selection ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Costs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis article studies the role of rainfall in determining the education composition of Mexico-US migration. Emphasizing the relationship between rainfall and migration costs, a revised Roy model indicates that rainfall affects selection on education through not only households’ liquidity constraints but also the comparisons between changes in migration costs and wage differentials at different levels of education. With retrospective data on the migration history of male Mexicans, the empirical analysis shows that the inverted U-shaped relationship between migration probabilities and education is less dispersed with a higher vertex when rainfall decreases, suggesting higher migration costs and reinforced self-selection patterns. The impacts of rainfall on selection and education are stronger for the migrant stock than for migration flows. Studying how rainfall influences migrants’ return decisions provides consistent results.

Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration in the Middle East

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Labor Migrations ◽  
Jewish Migration ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Since the second half of the 1940s, the Middle East has experienced intense migrations. In 2005 alone, the region received a total of approximately 6 million refugees. Migration flows to and from the Middle East have been linked to nationalist movements and ethnic conflicts. However, these relations have received little attention from scholars. Scholarly work on migration in the Middle East that has accumulated between the early 1950s and the late 1980s falls into two broad categories in terms of subject matter: Jewish migration to Israel and the Palestinian refugees, and migrations to labor-short countries of the Gulf and Europe. New trends in the literature on migration in the Middle East can also be identified, including those relating to the gender aspects of migration, population displacement and resettlement, return migration, and the relationship between migration and security. Although the field has made significant progress—the scope of the literature with respect to subject matter has broadened from the 1980s onward, and the methods used by scholars have become more sophisticated over the years—there are some shortcomings that need to be addressed. A number of important issues, such as citizenship or economic dynamics, remain unexplored. Since labor migrations to and from the Middle East are central to economic development, a focus on the evolution of migration may shed light on numerous relevant themes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Labor Migration and OFW Remittances on the Level of Poverty in the Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Kaye Louise Garcia ◽  
Karissa Habaña ◽  
Canto, Danielle
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The World ◽  
Overseas Filipino Workers ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Fixed Panel

Global labor mobility and Overseas Filipino workers have been a topic of interest due to its rapid growth and its apparent links with development goals. Among the 197 countries in the world, the Philippines has one of the highest rates of migration. In this paper, the researchers have examined the statistical relationship between migration and poverty through a study, using panel data from the years 2006, 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2018 in the Philippines. Specifically, the paper examined the degree of impact of migration on poverty using the GINI coefficient and GRDP as determinants for poverty, whilst Remittances is the constant variable used. The study aimed to determine whether remittances reduce poverty as Overseas Filipino Workers continue to increase yearly. The end results showed that there is a relationship amongst poverty, international labor migration, and remittances via the fixed panel data done but show a low significance level among the said variables. Thus, there is a relationship within the variables but a low significance level to the poverty in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Conditional Cash Transfers and Migration: Reconciling Feminist Theoretical Approaches With the New Economics of Labor Migration

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Christina Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor ◽  
Gary Becker ◽  
And Migration

Abstract In 2019, I published a study titled “Reexamining the Influence of Conditional Cash Transfers on Migration from a Gendered Lens,” to which Oded Stark has since issued a formal comment. This response has been written to address the major themes of Stark's comment. While the first three sections focus on specific items related to framing, selection bias, and endogeneity, the fourth and final section tackles a more substantive theoretical debate between Stark and me over how to conceptualize the New Economics of Labor Migration framework in relation to gender. In my original paper, I argued that conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are gendered in their program conditions in ways that promote a normative gendered division of labor and that constrain beneficiary women from migrating. I note here that Stark's primary issue with this point appears to be his contention that CCTs are not necessarily gendered but rather that women have a comparative advantage in completing housework and care work. My response first compares Stark's argument to that made by Gary Becker in A Treatise on the Family and engages with the literature that has emerged to critique Becker's own arguments regarding gendered comparative advantage. I then conclude my final section by offering some suggestions that might open a common theoretical path forward—one that insists on grounding microeconomic analyses of family behavior on assumptions that take gender and other aspects of culture and institutions seriously and one that also moves toward a bargaining model of microeconomic behavior rather than one that assumes consensus among all relevant actors.

Remittances, Trade and the Philippine Economy

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian A. Alburo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Household Level

The relationships between trade, remittances from overseas workers and the domestic economy are examined for their implications for labor and trade policy. Import substitution and protectionism as well as weaknesses in the domestic economy continue to push Filipino workers overseas and encourage dependency on remittances. The limited use of remittances for real productive investments at the household level is associated with length of migration, reliance on overseas workers as a source of foreign exchange, and a failure to correct the structural imbalances of the economy. Unlike other Asian countries such as South Korea and Thailand, the Philippines is far from the turning points in trade and labor migration that allow net labor import. Implications of a coordinated trade and labor policy are discussed.

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