Does Aid Drive Migration? Evidence from a Shift-Share Instrument∗

2022 ◽  
pp. 019791832110693
Author(s):  
Hamish Fitchett ◽  
Dennis Wesselbaum
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Global North ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Foreign aid payments have been a key policy response by Global North countries to reduce increased migration flows from the Global South. In this article, we contribute to the literature on the relationship between aid and international migration flows and estimate the contemporaneous effect of bilateral aid payments on bilateral, international migration flows. The fundamental problem in analyzing this relationship is endogeneity, or reverse causality. To address this issue and achieve causal inference, we use a shift-share, or Bartik, instrument. Examining migration flows between 198 origin countries and 16 OECD destination countries over 36 years (1980−2015), we find a positive relationship between aid and migration. A ten-percent increase in aid payments will increase migration by roughly 2 percent. We further document non-linearity in the relationship between aid and migration and find an inverted U-shaped relationship between aid and migration flows. The findings presented here have implications for the design of bilateral and multilateral aid policies and for achieving various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by stressing the importance of a better coordination between aid and immigration policies.

scholarly journals Global dynamics of international migration systems across South–South, North–North, and North–South flows, 1990–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Leal ◽  
Nicolas L. Harder
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

AbstractEvidence from 184 countries over the span of 25 years is gathered and analyzed to understand North–North, South–South, and North–South international migration flows. Conceptually, the analysis borrows from network theory and Migration Systems Theory (MST) to develop a model to characterize the structure and evolution of international migration flows. Methodologically, the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model of network dynamics is used to jointly model the three types of flows under analysis. Results show that endogenous network effects at the monadic, dyadic, and triadic levels of analysis are relevant to understand the emergence and evolution of migration flows. The findings also show that a core set of non-network covariates, suggested by MST as key drivers of migration flows, does not always explain migration dynamics in the systems under analysis in a consistent fashion; thus, suggesting the existence of important levels of heterogeneity inherent to these three types of flows. Finally, evidence related to the role of political instability and countries’ care deficits is also discussed as part of the analysis. Overall, the results highlight the importance of analyzing flows across the globe beyond typically studied migratory corridors (e.g., North–South flows) or regions (e.g., Europe).

scholarly journals Problems and contradictions of international migration statistics

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
B. B. Loginov
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Phenomena

Analysis of problems and trends in the field of international migration development is impossible without reliable statistical data. Particular economic importance for any country including Russia are data on the flows of labor migrants, which have a great impact on the domestic labor market, gross domestic product, balance of payments. International organizations, including United Nations bodies, haven’t worked out single recommendations on proceeding migration statistics, stratification of migration flows. The universal worldwide technique with border and internal migrant calculation principles regarding flows and stocks of labor migrants is absent at the moment.The author focuses on key discrepancies of national migration statistics in different countries and widely practiced flexible interpretation of it by Western politicians and mass media, therefore, the acuteness of migration problems in the Western countries (first, in the European Union) is overestimated and, on the contrary, migration difficulties of such countries as Russia, Iran, Turkey are downgraded or fully ignored. The difficulties in the calculation of international migration, arising from the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of “migrant”, have been indicated. Three approaches – residence outside the country of birth, citizenship, place of usual daily rest – often conflict with each other, when it is necessary to establish the true country of origin of the migrant.The shortcomings of the main sources of information about immigrants: population census, administrative records, population surveys have been also analyzed in the article. New phenomena in international migration flows, such as “cross-motivation” of migrants and migration without going abroad, require their understanding.

scholarly journals Introduction to Migration and Refugee Flows: New Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Population movements between countries and continents are not recent phenomena. What is new today is that migration flows are increasingly linked to the globalization process and to environmental degradation. Most of the migrants leave their homes for economic reasons, but also due to the higher frequency of natural disasters. Of the total migrant population, those who escape from conflicts or persecution still represent a smaller fraction and are entitled to obtain refugee status. This thematic issue includes eight articles that analyse migration flows and migration governance from different analytical perspectives. Five of the eight contributions examine the role that several factors play in explaining international migration flows and its effects, namely cultural diversity, information technology tools, governance, terrorism, and attitudes towards immigration. The remaining three articles are country studies that analyse the socio-economic causes/effects of migration flows to Portugal, Spain, and Germany, devoting special attention to forced migration and refugees.

Migration, Immigration, and Refugees

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Solimano
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The international mobility of people and migration flows are critically influenced by differences in per capita incomes, real wages, job opportunities, institutional capacities and living standards across nations and cities. Its dynamics are shaped by social networks and regulated by the migration policies of receiving countries. International migration represents around 3.3% of world’s population; up from 2.7% in 1995. It is composed mainly of working-age people, with men and women migrants being in roughly equal numbers. Historically, the globalization process of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was also accompanied by large migration flows, mostly, from the “Old World” (Europe) to the “New World” (United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and other countries in the Global South). Starting in the 1980s migration has increased relative to a rise in total population, although the share of international migration to total population was, on average, higher in the first wave of globalization of the 1870–1914 period. Main substantive topics and new themes in the field of international migration include: (a) the motivations and determinants of the international mobility of the wealthy (High-Net Worth Individuals, HNWIs), a largely unexplored topic in the literature of international migration; (b) the international migration of talent (high-skills, educated, and gifted people), (c) the linkages between the mobility of talent and the mobility of capital and their evolution over time affected by macro regimes and international conditions, (d) The relation between macroeconomic and financial crises (e.g., the 2008–2009 crisis), stagnation traps and immigration flows, (e) the influence of international migration on inequality within and between countries, and (f) forced migration, displaced population and humanitarian crises, following war, violence, persecution, and human rights violations.

Political management of emigration from Bangladesh in the framework of a social network theory

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Parven
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of the study is the social network theory for the management of international migration. The theory suggests that migration from the society of origin to the hosting society can occur if links exist between these two societies, and that the flow of migrants follows the established links. The theoretical prediction which one can make is that, if the political administration wishes to establish a flow of migrants between any two societies, a link between these two societies must be established first. The author tested the theory on the case of managing the emigration of workers by the government of Bangladesh. The paper found that, firstly, the links between the origin society and the host society were created artificially, however, in contrast to the theoretical forecast, the author observed that such links usually do not correspond to the geographical distribution of maximum proximity to origin or destination society. Instead, the study revealed, that the closeness of communication between two societies is generated by the proximity between political administrations of the same societies, which contradicts the theoretical expectations. In this regard, the author proposed to expand the theory of international migration in the social network, suggesting that the proximity between two political administrations, and not between two societies as a whole, is a condition necessary for international migration. This, in turn, allows us to fill a theoretical gap that is associated with the relationship between social network theory and the management of international migration. The paper concludes that it is possible to generate arbitrary migration flows, creating appropriate links between any two societies.

scholarly journals AN INCLUSIVE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. THE CASE OF EUROPEAN RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio MIHI-RAMÍREZ ◽  
Vilmantė KUMPIKAITĖ-VALIŪNIENĖ ◽  
Eduardo CUENCA-GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Inclusive Analysis ◽  
Year 2000

This work aims to integrate defragmented migration perspectives in order to better understand and explain reasons of contemporaneous migration. Accordingly, international migration flows are explained with various socio-economic determinants which address different sources of migration, reinforced by the best-known theories and conceptual frameworks. A panel data analysis is performed at the level of rich and poor countries of the European Union to measure migration flows from the year 2000 until 2013. The results provide evidence indicating that there are some structural similarities and discrepancies between European rich and poor countries. These similarities (or discrepancies) make them responding similarly to certain economic conditions and changes. Thus, the association of earnings, inequalities (measured by the Gini Index) and poverty line could be positive or negative depending on wealth level of countries. Moreover, unemployment is a supply-push factor, but its importance is much higher in rich countries, diminishing in poorer countries. Economic freedom has a very strong positive effect on migration for all countries, but its relevance turned out to be the highest in the group of the poorest countries. Also, the association between Foreign Direct Investment and migration is negative, but it is more significant in the case of poorer countries.

International Migration and Development in Thailand

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrold W. Huguet
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migration And Development

Migration flows from and into Thailand are shaped by the country's strategies for economic development and other government policies. Numerous theories of international migration, as well as recent experience, imply that levels of migration to Thailand will increase and that many migrants will wish to stay for a long period or permanently. Because Thailand has not explicitly incorporated international migration into its economic and social development planning, its migration policies are often inconsistent with other development goals. The government should strive for policy coherence by conducting a careful analysis of the future demand for and impacts of international migration and by aligning its migration policies with national objectives. For this process to be effective, a public dialogue concerning international migration should be initiated.

scholarly journals Diseguaglianze economiche, squilibri ambientali e flussi migratori

2018 ◽  
pp. 423-439
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.-L’obiettivo di questo paper è quello di rilevare l’inadeguatezza dell’economics rispetto alla spiegazione della relazione esistente tra i problemi relativi allo sviluppo, agli squilibri ambientali e ai flussi migratori. Mentre questi tre ordini di problemi, presi singolarmente, sono spesso al centro di discussioni pubbliche e politiche, sul piano analitico manca ancora un soddisfacente approccio in grado di spiegarne connessioni causali e implicazioni sociali. Ciò appare sorprendente, specie se si considera che già gli Illuministi avevano avviato una ricca riflessione su questi temi. Si cercherà di dimostrare che l’impoverimento analitico è sopraggiunto nel XIX secolo, con l’adozione della categoria dell’homo oeconomicus e che tale impoverimento, ad oggi, impedisce di spiegare fenomeni come le “migrazioni ambientali” non ancora pienamente e univocamente riconosciute in letteratura. Parole chiave: sviluppo, giustizia sociale, cambiamenti climatici, migrazioni, Illuminismo. Economic inequalities,environmental imbalances and migration flows Abstract -The aim of this paper is to point out how inappropriate economics is for explaining the relationship between development problems, environmental imbalances and migration flows. While these problems, taken individually, are often the focus of public and political discussions, there is still no satisfactory analytical approach able to deal with their causal connections and social implications. This seems surprising, especially if one considers that the Enlightenment thinkers were already engaged in a rich reflection on these issues. In this paper we will try to demonstrate that a kind of analytical impoverishment occurred in the nineteenth century, with the adoption of the homo oeconomicus category and that such an impoverishment, nowadays, prevents us from explaining phenomena such as “environmental migrations”, which are not yet fully and unambiguously recognized in economic literature. Keywords: development, social justice, climate change,migrations, Enlightenment

Trade and Turning Points in Labor Migration

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian A. Alburo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between trade and migration for the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand using three methods: (1) a comparison of graphic representations of trade and migration flows; (2) postulation and testing of a statistical relationship; and (3) a comparison of revealed comparative advantage for goods with that for services. In addition, trade and migration flows are presented for other Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The results reveal a correlation between turning points in trade and migration that supports the existing view that these flows are substitutes.

scholarly journals Shifts in the global migration order and migration transitions in Europe: the cases of Turkey and Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Düvell
Keyword(s):  
World Politics ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Political Dominance ◽  
Global North ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
North And South

AbstractThis paper takes as a premise that world economics, world politics and global labour are changing and that whilst migration is a driver as well as a consequence of change it is changing, too. For long, conventional research focussed on north-north and south-north migrations, like across the Atlantic or from agricultural and industrialising to industrial countries. This was in part inspired by the economic and political dominance of the ‘global north’, but also driven by a western and Eurocentric bias. Meanwhile, a long period of economic and political transformations and turbulences gave rise to new economic powers, diversified the sending-receiving country matrix and thus fundamentally changed the determinants for international migration. I elaborate the concepts migration order and migration transition to argue that these are useful for analysing the changes in the configuration of sending, receiving and transit states. To illustrate the argument, this article takes Russia and Turkey and developments from the early 2000s as case studies and analyses the shifts in the regional and global migration flows.

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