USSR Energy Development: A Critical Overview

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-442
Author(s):  
Kamil I. Mangushev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Critical Overview

The Soviet energy industry has been transformed, with great difficulty, from a complete ruin to its present, modern level. Today some difficulties remain: natural and economic conditions of energy production have drastically changed for the worse, while the demand for energy in the economy has grown. The energy sector is faced with rising environmental expectations from the public. The major problem is to increase the effectiveness of energy utilisation, and save energy.

scholarly journals Determinants of Decarbonisation in the Transformation of the Energy Sector: The Case of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz ◽  
Marzena Czarnecka ◽  
Grzegorz Kinelski ◽  
Beata Sadowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bilińska-Reformat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Challenge

This paper aims to identify the determinants of the decarbonisation processes in Poland within the scope of energy transformation. The purpose of the study is to identify how the public perceives decarbonisation determinants in order to develop a sustainable energy strategy for Poland. The transition of the energy market to low-carbon technology is a policy challenge. Governments must implement policies that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, but, most of all, socially acceptable. Social acceptance risk plays a significant role in Poland, influencing the decarbonisation process. In Poland’s case, the coal share is decreasing, but it is still the most important fuel for electricity production. This process of decarbonisation is a fundamental influence on the transformation of the energy sector in Poland. The social perception of solutions that can be applied was examined. The Polish natural environment is poisoned. Poles suffer from diseases related to the burning of coal for energy production. Societal awareness, how people perceive the government’s actions, and what they expect in this regard is crucial.

scholarly journals LCA analysis as a tool to assess the impact of electricity production on the environment / Analiza LCA jako narzędzie służące do oceny wpływu produkcji energii elektrycznej na środowisko

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Arkadiusz Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Summary The paper presents a method for Life Cycle Assessment LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) to evaluate the ecological characteristics of products, presents a procedure for the implementation of the LCA with an overview of the various stages. Moreover the validity of using this method to evaluate the energy sector. The article also points to the directions of the Polish energy sector and pointed to the need to determine the environmental risks associated with the production of energy. Energy industry in Poland, the structure of energy production requires special supervision. The use of coal and lignite as a primary fuel results in significant the environmental impact.

scholarly journals When Does the Public Get It Right? The Information Environment and the Accuracy of Economic Sentiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402198975
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Carlin ◽  
Timothy Hellwig ◽  
Gregory J. Love ◽  
Cecilia Martínez-Gallardo ◽  
Matthew M. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
The Media ◽  
Latin American Countries

Public evaluations of the economy are key for understanding how citizens develop policy opinions and monitor government performance. But what drives economic evaluations? In this article, we argue the context in which information about the economy is distributed shapes economic perceptions. In high-quality information environments—where policies are transparent, the media is free, and political opposition is robust—mass perceptions closely track economic conditions. In contrast, compromised information environments provide openings for political manipulation, leading perceptions to deviate from business cycle fluctuations. We test our argument with unique data from eight Latin American countries. Results show restrictions on access to information distort the public’s view of economic performance. The ability of voters to sanction governments is stronger when democratic institutions and the media protect citizens’ access to independent, unbiased information. Our findings highlight the importance of accurate evaluations of the economy for government accountability and democratic responsiveness.

Public Energy Companies Under the EC Treaty: An Overview of Law and Policy

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Anna Papaioannou ◽  
P.J. Slot
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Business Organisation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
General Economic Interest ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Case Basis

This article examines state intervention in the energy sector under the EC Treaty. The analysis focuses upon Articles 37, on state trading monopolies, and 90, on public undertakings, the conferment of exclusive rights and undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest. All these forms of business organisation are very common in the energy sector. The Commission's wish to introduce more competition in the public utilities sector is well served by the application of the Treaty rules on a case-to-case basis. Secondarily, legislation has also been adopted for the energy sector pursuant to Article 100A EC. There is considerable public debate on new proposals for directives which aim at further liberalisation in the energy market.

scholarly journals An Influence of Group Purchasing Organizations on Financial Security of SMEs Operating in the Renewable Energy Sector—Case for Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zimon ◽  
Marek Sobolewski ◽  
Grzegorz Lew
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Cash Conversion Cycle ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Renewable Energy Industry

European countries are increasingly using renewable energy. Poland is an outsider of such solutions. The Polish energy sector is primarily based on energy produced from coal. However, environmental changes and regulations of the European Union are forcing the increased use of energy from renewable sources. Renewable energy is an industry that is still developing in Poland. At the same time, Poland is a country where the political decisions of the government over the last few years have resulted in a significant limitation of the possibilities of renewable energy development. These actions have also resulted in lowering the profitability of the currently operating renewable energy enterprises, especially those from the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. An opportunity for SMEs operating in the renewable energy sector is to merge into industry purchasing groups. The aim of the article—and at the same time the research question—is: Is it financially safer for renewable energy companies to operate within purchasing groups compared to companies operating independently in this industry? Traditional ways of purchasing can be transferred to integrated purchasing systems, which will be created by purchasing groups associating renewable energy companies. For this purpose, the financial effects of the implementation and functioning of the purchasing groups in the renewable energy sector in relation to entities operating independently were examined. In the research of renewable energy SMEs, a comparative analysis of key indicators determining the possibility of continuing the activity of these entities was made. The following indicators were examined: current financial liquidity ratio, return on sales, operating cycle, cash conversion cycle, share of receivables in current assets, share of inventory in current assets, turnover ratios, level of receivables, liabilities and profitability. The scientific literature is dominated by studies on purchasing groups in the pharmaceutical and construction industries. Thanks to the research conducted, it has been indicated that the renewable energy industry can also improve its profitability, and thus the possibility of safe continuation of operations by extending the business model to inter-entity cooperation within purchasing groups. Increasing the efficiency of individual entities of the renewable energy industry within purchasing groups becomes particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analyses and their graphic presentation present the significant impact on the safety and profitability of renewable energy entities in the form of purchasing groups.

scholarly journals GCC Media Roles during the 2011 Arab Spring: An Analytical and Critical Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah K. Al-Kindi
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
The Media ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Critical Overview

The central aim of this paper is to critically analyze the role of the media during public protests that occurred in the GCC countries during 2011. These protests were part of what came to be called the “Arab Spring”, which started in late 2010. Particular focus will be on how the Arab Spring resulted in fundamental changes and how various institutions played roles in this. The study draws on Gulf region literature about the Arab Spring in order to offer a critical and informed overview on the topic under discussion. The paper’s main question is: what are the main roles played by the GCC media (old/new) during the public protests of 2011? The paper argues that the role of the media in the 2011 protests, while important, was rather limited and affected by the unique contextual characteristics of the media environment in the GCC countries. 

scholarly journals ABU YUSUF DAN PAJAK (KONSEP DALAM KITAB AL-KHARAJ DAN RELEVANSINYA DA-LAM EKONOMI SAAT INI)

Fenomena ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Arif Zunaidi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Tax Management

Sebagai tokoh yang memiliki nama besar, Abu Yusuf memiliki karya fenomenal dalam bidang pajak, yaitu kitab Al-Kharaj. Kitab yang ditulis atas permintaan Khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid ini digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam pengelolaan pajak. Sebagai salah satu sektor penting dalam penerimaan negara, pajak seharusnya tidak mendzolimi masyarakat dari besaran presentasenya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah penulisan kitab Al-Kharaj  dan isi kitabnya. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga untuk mengetahui konsep pajak yang ditulis Abu Yusuf dan utilitasnya dengan ekonomi saat ini.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metodologi pemikiran tokoh yang dilacak dari sikap, tulisan atau pun tanggapan pada suatu kasus fenomena yang terjadi pada masa itu. Untuk mengetahui latar belakang pemikiran Abu Yusuf tidak bisa mengesampingkan beberapa faktor yang ada, baik faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal yang menjadi pemicunya. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pemikiran Abu Yusuf tentang pajak menjadi salah satu konsep yang dilaksanakan hingga saat ini. Konsepnya dipakai dan diaplikasikan dalam menentukan presentase penerimaan pajak oleh negara. Konsep Al-Kharaj digunakan dalam sektor penerimaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB), bea cukai. Kata kunci: Abu Yusuf, Kitab Al-Kharaj, Pajak, Pendapatan Negara   As a well-known figure, Abu Yusuf has written a phenomenal work in taxation studies, namely al-Kharaj. This book which written at the request of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid is used as a guide in tax management efforts. As one of the important sectors in state revenue, taxes should not deceive the public from their percentage. The article aims to find out the context of Al-Kharaj and its contents. Therefore, this study seeks to reveal the thoughts of Abu Yusuf and his background which were traced through his attitudes, writings, and responses to a case that occurred at that time. In addition, the paper is also to find out the tax concept initiated by Abu Yusuf and its practice in economic conditions' today. The results of this study found that Abu Yusuf's thought about taxes is one of the concepts that is still used today. This concept is applied in determining the percentage of tax revenue by the state. The Al-Kharaj concept is also used in the land and building tax (PBB) and customs revenue sectors.

Moving toward a green revolution in Japan: Symmetric and asymmetric relationships among clean energy technology development investments, economic growth, and CO2 emissions

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110417
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ahmed ◽  
Michael Cary ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Muntasir Murshed ◽  
Hamid Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Public Investments

A revolution in the energy sector is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability since almost three-fourth of global carbon dioxide emissions is generated from the energy sector. It is believed that combustion of unclean energy resources is the major contributor to the multifaceted environmental adversities experienced across the globe. Thus, the development of clean energy technologies, to elevate their shares in the global energy mix, is deemed necessary to reinstate environmental well-being worldwide. Against this background, this study aims to explore the symmetric and asymmetric impacts of public research and development investments for nuclear and renewable energy development and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in the context of Japan over the 1974–2017 period. As opposed to the conventional approaches, this study contributes to the literature by specifically scrutinizing the environmental effects associated with public investments in clean energy development projects; whereas the majority of the preceding studies have either considered the environmental impacts associated with the overall research and development investments in the energy sector or that made by firms in general. However, evaluating the effects of such investments for clean energy development is more appropriate for policy-making purposes. The results from both the symmetric and asymmetric analyses reveal that higher public investments in clean energy research and development-oriented projects help to curb carbon dioxide emissions in Japan. Besides, such investments for nuclear energy development are evidenced to be relatively more effective in facilitating the nation's carbon emission-abating agenda. In contrast, economic growth in Japan is evidenced to trigger higher carbon dioxide emissions. In line with these key findings, this study offers several policy-level suggestions in respect of undergoing clean energy transition and achieving environmental sustainability in Japan.

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