scholarly journals Eccrine Hidradenoma of the Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Clinical Entity

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132199501
Author(s):  
Yong-Il Cheon ◽  
Sung-Dong Kim ◽  
Kyung-Un Choi ◽  
Kyu-Sup Cho
Keyword(s):  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Nasal Vestibule ◽  
Rare Benign Tumor ◽  
Anterior Trunk ◽  
Transnasal Endoscopic Approach

Eccrine hidradenoma is a relatively rare benign tumor of sweat gland origin but with possible malignant transformation. It usually consists of solitary, well-demarcated papules or nodules covered with normal skin. Common sites of involvement are the scalp, face, limbs, and anterior trunk. Although the lining of the nasal vestibule includes hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, an eccrine hidradenoma originating in the nasal vestibule has yet to be reported. Herein, we describe a rare clinical presentation of nasal eccrine hidradenoma, treated successfully using a transnasal endoscopic approach.

YKL-40 expression in naevocellular naevi, carcinomas and melanomas of the skin

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18019-18019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schmidt ◽  
A. Roslind ◽  
J. S. Johansen ◽  
D. L. Nielsen ◽  
P. A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Invasive Tumor

18019 Background: Elevated serum levels of the protein YKL-40 are associated with a poor prognosis in several solid tumors including melanoma (H. Schmidt, JCO 2006, Cancer 2006 in press). YKL-40 is secreted by cancer cells, macrophages and neutrophils. The function of YKL-40 is only poorly understood. It may be a growth or differentiation factor, play a role in angiogenesis or protect against apoptosis. The aim was to describe the tissue expression of YKL-40 in naevocellular naevi, carcinomas and melanomas of the skin by immunohistochemistry. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 40 patients with different naevocellular naevi, carcinomas and melanomas of the skin were developed with EnVision+ System-HRP K4007 (DakoCytomation) using a monoclonal antibody against YKL-40. The intensity of YKL-40 staining was scored using a semi-quantitative method. Results: YKL-40 protein expression appeared as a cytoplasmic, granular staining with no staining of membranes, nuclei or extracellular matrix. In normal skin the basal epithelial layer stained weakly positive. Melanocytes and melanophages stained negative. Macrophages and leucocytes stained positive. Hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands stained positive. Three basal cell carcinomas all stained positive. In 10 squamous cell carcinomas, the epidermal components stained positive and the invasive tumor islands were negative. In 3 keratoacanthomas, the epithelial components as well as the infiltrative tumor islands stained positive. In naevi (2 junctional, 5 compound and 1 intradermal) the epithelial components stained positive, the intradermal components stained negative. In melanomas the tumor cells stained positive in 9 of 10 specimens. Both the epidermal and the invasive components of melanomas stained positive. Three melanoma metastases all stained positive. Conclusions: YKL-40 is expressed in normal skin and in benign and malignant lesions of the skin. Generally, YKL-40 expression is increased in cells of high activity, although the invasive tumor islands of squamous cell carcinomas stain negative. In melanomas, the tumor cells may be a source of the elevated YKL-40 serum levels observed in these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Demodex spp. (Acari: Demodicidae) infection in healthy young adults in Poland – occurrence and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dzika ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak ◽  
Joanna Korycińska ◽  
Małgorzata Lepczyńska ◽  
Hanna Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Skin Symptom ◽  
Eyelid Skin ◽  
The Face ◽  
Demodex Mites

Introduction: Demodex mites are associated with various symptoms pertaining to facial and eyelid skin in humans. Demodicosis is often reported in elderly people, above 50 years of age. In young adults, the Demodex spp. infection is less common and is asymptomatic or the symptoms are mild. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the occurrence of Demodex spp. in healthy young adults in Poland and analyze the associations between the presence of mites, participants gender and skin type, with regards to hygienic practices and symptoms. Material and methods: The content of facial sebaceous glands and eyelash follicles was examined in a group of 94 people, aged 18–32 years. Metric data and information about face and eyelid skin symptom occurrence, skin type and hygienic practices were collected by diagnostic survey. Results and discussion: Demodex spp. was identified in 21.3% of subjects. In 45% and 30% of carriers Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis occurred, respectively. A mixed infestation in 25% of subjects was detected. Demodex infestation was slightly higher in people with oily and mixed skin (23.5%), compared to those with dry and normal skin (18.6%). No significant influence of shared hygienic accessories on the level of Demodex spp. infection were observed. The skin symptoms of the face and eyelids were reported at 75% for subjects positive for Demodex. Conclusions: Demodex mites are often prevalent in healthy young adults in Poland in both the sebaceous glands of the face and hair follicles. While diagnosing face and eyelid skin diseases in young people, Demodex spp. infection should be considered.

scholarly journals A Morphological and Histological Investigation of the Sinus Interdigitalis in Konya Merino Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1509-1513
Author(s):  
Zekeriya Özüdoğru ◽  
Ramazan İlgün ◽  
Derviş Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Neck Part

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of sinus interdigitalis found in the fore and hind feet of Konya merino sheep. For this purpose, the fore and hind feet of 10 Konya merino sheep, weighing between 44-79 kg, were used. Sinus interdigitalis were dissected out from the feet, and after morphometric measurements were made, morphological examinations were performed and photographed. The shape of the sinus interdigitalis, present in all the forefeet and hind feet, resembled a pipe consisting of neck and body. It was determined that the neck part was longer than the body at all feet. The inner surface of the gland was covered with hair, and there was more hair on the neck than on the body. The weight of the gland, body length and diameter, flexura, canal length and diameter were measured morphometrically. In the measurements made, it was determined that all the values of the forefeet were higher than the hind feet. In histological examination, it was found that the wall of the sinus interdigitalis consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule, and in the dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, m. arrector pili and sweat glands were found.

scholarly journals NECTIN4 Expression in Extramammary Paget’s Disease: Implication of a New Therapeutic Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5891
Author(s):  
Maho Murata ◽  
Takamichi Ito ◽  
Yuka Tanaka ◽  
Yumiko Kaku-Ito ◽  
Masutaka Furue
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Paget’S Disease ◽  
Paget's Disease ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Extramammary Paget’S Disease ◽  
Extramammary Paget's Disease

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer arising in the anogenital area. Most EMPD tumors remain dormant as in situ lesions, but the outcomes of patients with metastatic EMPD are poor because of the lack of effective systemic therapies. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic target for some cancers. Urothelial cancer is one such cancer, and clinical trials of enfortumab vedotin, a drug-conjugated anti-NECTIN4 antibody, are ongoing. However, little is known regarding the role of NECTIN4 in EMPD. In this study, we conducted immunohistochemical analysis of NECTIN4 expression in 110 clinical EMPD samples and normal skin tissue. In normal skin, positive signals were observed in epidermal keratinocytes (particularly in the lower part of the epidermis), eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, inner and outer root sheaths, and matrix of the hair follicles. The most EMPD lesions exhibited strong NECTIN4 expression, and high NECTIN4 expression was significantly associated with increased tumor thickness, advanced TNM stage, and worse disease-specific survival. These results support the potential use of NECTIN4-targeted therapy for EMPD. Our report contributes to the better understanding of the pathobiology of NECTIN4 in the skin and the skin-related adverse effects of NECTIN4-targeted therapy.

Comparative Study on Distribution of Sebaceous and Sweat Glands in Skin of Different Domestic Animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Raghav ◽  
Varinder Uppal ◽  
Anuradha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Paraffin Block ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for 15-20% of the total body weight and acts as a barrier between the external and internal environment and maintain homeostasis.The sweat and sebaceous glands in dermis of skin play vital role in developing the adaptive ability to the heat stress. Besides this, the distribution pattern and number of these glands vary in different animals that may aid in identification of different species.Methods: The study was conducted on abdominal skin of 36 adult cattle, buffalo, horse, goat, pig and dog (six sample of each) collected from abattoir, Veterinary clinics and post-mortem hall of GADVASU, Ludhiana. After collection, the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for paraffin block preparation. The paraffin sections of 5-6 µm were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Result: The study revealed that the sebaceous glands were multilobular, alveolar glands comprised of several layers of epithelial cells and were associated with hair follicles in all species studied. The number of sebaceous glands/mm2 was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in goat (1.60± 0.11) than in pig (0.44±0.06) whereas sebaceous gland diameter was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in buffalo (109.83±6.14 µm) than in goat (61.16 ±2.42 µm).The sweat glands were of saccular and simple coiled tubular type and most of them were associated with hair follicles. The number of sweat glands/mm2 was the highest in horse (3.10 ± 0.24) and the least in buffalo (0.76 ±0.05). Sweat gland diameter was significantly higher (p≤0.05) maximum in buffalo (123±3.15 µm) and minimum in goat (50.33 ±2.85 µm) and the difference.

Structure and function of the skin

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Dermoepidermal Junction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

The structure and function of the skin details the individual components of the epidermis, dermis, and their roles in normal skin health. The individual cell types in the epidermis, the different epidermal layers, and the roles of the keratinocyte are explained. The epidermis and dermis, and their important relation to each other through the dermoepidermal junction are described. The dermal adnexal structures of hair follicles (pilosebaceous units), sweat glands, and nerves are all considered. The functions of skin and barrier function are also listed. Rare but important causes of disordered sweating (hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis) are described. In addition, presentations of hyperhidrosis are discussed.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN. XV. SITES OF PHOSPHORYLASE AND AMYLO-1,6-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD A. ELLIS ◽  
WILLIAM MONTAGNA
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

The localization of phosphorylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity has been studied in surgical specimens of human skin from the palm, sole, axilla, external auditory meatus, and other representative regions of the body. With few exceptions these enzymes are found in cells which are known to contain glycogen normally. The epidermis shows some variability, but amylo-1,6-glucosidase is generally present in the stratum spinosum, while phosphorylase is found in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum. The relative amounts of the enzymes vary with the thickness of the epidermis and with the age of the donor. Growing hair follicles have abundant phosporylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in their outer root sheaths, while resting ones contain only phosphorylase. A short portion of the epidermal duct of the eccrine sweat glands has no enzymatic activity, but the remainder of the duct and the secretory portion of the gland is richer in phosphorylase than any other structure of the skin. The apocrine sweat glands have neither enzyme in their secretory coils, but the duct of these glands is rich in phosphorylase. Time sebaceous glands contain both enzymes, but phosphorylase is more concentrated in the peripheral cells of the gland. Neither the centers of the glands nor the sebum contain either enzyme.

Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Choudhry ◽  
M. B. Hodgins ◽  
T. H. Van der Kwast ◽  
A. O. Brinkmann ◽  
W. J. A. Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papillae

ABSTRACT A mouse monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal region of human androgen receptor (AR) was used to identify receptors by immunoperoxidase staining in frozen serial sections of skin from scalp, face, limb and genitalia of men and women aged 30–80 years. AR staining was restricted to cell nuclei. In sebaceous glands, AR were identified in basal and differentiating sebocytes. The percentage of receptor-positive basal sebocyte nuclei in the temple/forehead region was greater in males (65%) than in females (29%). AR staining was restricted to the cells of dermal papillae in anagen and telogen hair follicles. The percentage of dermal papillae containing AR was greater in males (58%) than in females (20%). The number of positively stained dermal papillae was lowest in female scalp skin. In 163 hair follicles sectioned, AR were absent from germinative matrix, outer root sheath (including the bulge region), inner root sheath, hair shaft and hair bulb, and from the capillaries present in some large dermal papillae. AR were present in pilosebaceous duct keratinocytes, suggesting that androgens may influence pilosebaceous duct keratinization. AR were also identified in interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts although, in both cell types, intensity and frequency of staining were greatest in genital skin. AR were identified in luminal epithelial cells of apocrine glands in genital skin and in certain cells of the secretory coils of eccrine sweat glands in all body sites. This study indicates that androgens regulate sebaceous gland and hair growth by acting upon two different types of target cells, the epithelial sebocytes of sebaceous glands and the mesenchymal cells of the hair follicle dermal papilla. AR staining in either cell type was not influenced by age in adults. The distribution of AR in human skin is consistent with the diverse effects of androgens on the structure and function of skin and its appendages. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 467–475

Integumentary glands of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus): Sciuridae

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Keith Kivett
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Anal Glands ◽  
Spermophilus Columbianus ◽  
Columbian Ground Squirrels ◽  
Dorsal Gland ◽  
Volar Surface

The integumentary glands of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) were examined histologically. In addition to sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles, gland complexes were found in the oral angle, dorsal, and anal regions. The oral angle gland, located immediately posterior to the oral angle, was an apocrine-type gland consisting of three lobes each drained by a separate duct. Approximately 60 individual, oval-shaped glands, extending posterior from the scapular region, made up the dorsal gland field. These glands exhibited an apocrine secretory process and were drained by single ducts. The anal glands were located in retractable papillae near the anal aperture, one median ventral and two lateral. Equal portions of sebaceous and apocrine elements made up the anal glands. Sweat glands were found on the volar surface of the foot pads. Gland structure and location are discussed in relation to behavior patterns that appear to involve secretions from these glands. Possible functions of scent from these integumentary glands are considered briefly.

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