Implicit Theories of Relationships and Close Relationship Violence

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Cobb ◽  
C. Nathan DeWall ◽  
Nathaniel M. Lambert ◽  
Frank D. Fincham
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Implicit Theories Of Relationships

People differ in what they think makes for a successful relationship, but it is unclear how these beliefs relate to the perpetration of violence. Four studies ( N = 2,591) examined the relationship between growth beliefs and the perpetration of violence in close relationships. Specifically, the current work tested the hypothesis that growth beliefs mitigate against close relationship violence, possibly due to increased satisfaction with sacrificing one’s own self-interest for the betterment of the relationship. Studies 1 and 2 provided cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence that growth beliefs predicted less perpetration of close relationship violence. Studies 3 and 4 showed that the relationship between growth beliefs and lower perpetration of violence was mediated by satisfaction with sacrifice within one’s relationship. All effects of growth beliefs remained significant after controlling for destiny beliefs. Discussion centers on the importance of implicit theories of relationships for understanding the perpetration of violence in close relationships.

scholarly journals Perceptions of close relationship through the Machiavellians´ dark glasses: Negativity, distrust, self-protection against risk and dissatisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Ináncsi ◽  
Attila Pilinszki ◽  
Tünde Paál ◽  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
The Relationship

It is commonly known from the literature that Machiavellian individuals have negative attitudes towards people and in general towards the world´s affairs. They are distrustful of the intentions of others, and they get cautiously involved into interpersonal interactions and take risks only if that may not have any severe negative consequence. It is also a fact that there are few ventures in life that potentially involve as much insecurity and personal vulnerability as the establishment and maintenance of close relationships. In our study, we were seeking the answer to the question: do people with high levels of Machiavellianism show a generally negative, distrustful and cautious attitude in their intimate relationships, as well? What effect their pessimistic approaches have on the other consequences of the relationship (satisfaction, commitment, investment, quality of alternatives)? This question was investigated on a dyadic sample of heterosexual couples (N = 101 pairs) with Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The results of the correlations and actor effects show that men with high levels of Machiavellianism perceive in a negative way not just people in general, but their romantic partners and relationships as well and they experience an increased level of distrust, risk, and dissatisfaction into their close relationships. Women with high levels of Machiavellianism are less negativistic and feel less discontent towards their intimate partner and relationship, but even they are unable to put their distrust and precaution aside. The results of partner effects have revealed that women's Machiavellianism undermines men's trust, while men's Machiavellianism has the effect of minimizing women's investment into their relationship.

Attachment style, serial argument, and taking conflict personally

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Hample ◽  
Adam S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Serial argument theory explains recurring conflict within personal relationships. The theory specifies that an arguer’s goals influence his/her tactics, leading to argument outcomes which include effects on the relationship. We extend this model in two ways. First we suggest that attachment styles predict serial argument goals. Second, we hypothesize that taking conflict personally (TCP) is an outcome of such arguments. University students (N = 682) completed a cross-sectional survey about their attachment styles and felt personalization regarding a serial argument they experienced. A structural equation model tested relationships between attachment styles, goals, tactics, outcomes, and TCP. Results indicated that attachment styles predict goals of serial arguing and serial argument outcomes predict TCP. The study shows that attachment styles have modest but statistically significant effects on goals of serial arguing in close relationships and that the tactics used in serial arguing predict the degree to which people take recurring conflict personally.

Minding the Close Relationship

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Harvey ◽  
Julia Omarzu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Social Penetration ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

In this theoretical analysis, we argue that a process referred to as minding is essential for a couple to feel mutually close and satisfied in a close relationship overa long period. Minding represents a package of mutual self-disclosure, other forms of goal-oriented behavior aimed at facilitating the relationship, and attributions about self's and other's motivations, intentions, and effort in the relationship. Self-disclosure and attribution activities in minding are aimed at getting to know the other, trying to understand the other's motivations and deeper dispositions as they pertain to the relationship, and showing respect and acceptance for knowledge gained about other. We link the concept of minding to other major ideas and literatures about how couples achieve closeness: self-disclosure and social penetration, intimacy, empathy and empathic accuracy, and love and self-expansion. We argue that the minding process articulated here has not previously been delineated and that it is a useful composite notion about essential steps in bonding among humans. We also argue that the minding concept stretches our understanding of the interface of attribution and close relationships. We present research possibilities and implications and consider possible alternative positions and counterarguments about the merits of the minding idea for close relationship satisfaction.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Education and Parity With Kangaroo Care Method at Room Tebing Tinggi Hospital Perinatology Year

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Vellyza Collin ◽  
Buyung Keraman ◽  
Damayanti Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

One of indicators in the successful health affair in a country is the number of infant mortality rate. Causes of mortality among others are respiratory disorders 37%, prematurity 34%, sepsis 12%, hypothermia 7%, post mature 3% and congenital defect 1% and blood defect or icterus 6%. Infant mortality due to hypothermia can be prevented by practical method as an alternative to incubator namely Kangaroo Care Method. The implementation of Kangaroo Care Method must be monitored and evaluated by health care provider especially the ners. This research aims to study the relationship between education and parity with kangaroo care method in Tebing Tinggi Hospital Perinatology Space Year in 2017. This research uses descriptive design korelational with the approach of cross sectional study design. The population in this studyall infants born with low birth weight in room Tebing Tinggi Hospital Perinatology In 2017 there were 42 babies using total sampling. Collecting data in this study by looking at the data dukementasi using univariate and bivariate analysis using statistical test Chi-Square Test and Contingency Coefficient (C). The results showed: of the 42 respondents there were 25 people (61.9%) did not do kangaroo care method, 23 people (54.8%) with primary education, 27 people (64.3%) with parity primiparous, there is a significant relationship between education and care in the kangaroo method Tebing Tinggi Hospital Perinatology Space Year in 2017 with a close relationship category, and there is a significant relationship between parity with the treatment method of kangaroos in Space Perinatology General Hospital Tebing Tinggi Year 2017, with the category of close relationship.  Keywords: education, kangaroo care, parity

scholarly journals Validation of the 14-item short form of the Slovak version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
Júlia Švecová ◽  
◽  
Natália Kaščáková ◽  
Jana Fürstová ◽  
Jozef Hašto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Aims. The attachment formed in early childhood affects an individual’s mental and physical health. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the ECR-R questionnaire designed to detect attachment in adulthood, to create a shorter version, and to examine the sociodemographic differences in anxiety and avoidance among Slovak respondents. Sample, settings, and methods. In a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the adult Slovak population (N=1018, age 46.24, SD 16.56, 48.7% men), data were collected using the Slovak translation of the ECR-R questionnaire. The Slovak version of the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) was used to assess the convergence validity. Results. The data of the psychometric analysis of the shortened version of the Close Relationship Questionnaire, the ECR-R-SK-14, indicate its better suitability for measuring relationship in adulthood compared to the ECR-R-16 version. Convergent validity was confirmed. Sociodemographic differences in individual groups of the Slovak population, which were expanded to include subjectively perceived loneliness in the last year of life, were described. Summary. The ECR-R questionnaire and its shorter version, the ECR-R-SK-14, are suitable tools for measuring relationships in adulthood, whether scientific or clinical. Limitations. The complete version of the ECR-R questionnaire can be difficult for some respondents to understand due to a large number of reversely formulated questions.

scholarly journals Machiavellianism and Adult Attachment in General Interpersonal Relationships and Close Relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Ináncsi ◽  
András Láng ◽  
Tamás Bereczkei
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Distance Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

Up to the present, the relationship between Machiavellianism and adult attachment has remained a question to be answered in the psychological literature. That is why this study focused on the relationship between Machiavellianism and attachment towards significant others in general interpersonal relationships and in intimate-close relationships. Two attachment tests (Relationship Questionnaire and long-form of Experiences in Close Relationship) and the Mach-IV test were conducted on a sample consisting of 185 subjects. Results have revealed that Machiavellian subjects show a dismissing-avoidant attachment style in their general interpersonal relationships, while avoidance is further accompanied by some characteristics of attachment anxiety in their intimate-close relationships. Our findings further refine the relationship between Machiavellianism and dismissing-avoidant attachment. Machiavellian individuals not only have a negative representation of significant others, but they also tend to seek symbiotic closeness in order to exploit their partners. This ambitendency in distance regulation might be particularly important in understanding the vulnerability of Machiavellian individuals.

scholarly journals Explaining the Relationship Between Class Position and Political Preferences: A Long-Term Panel Analysis of Intra-Generational Class Mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Egge Langsæther ◽  
Geoffrey Evans ◽  
Tom O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Past findings on the connection between class position and political preferences are overwhelmingly derived from cross-sectional studies, which provided a limited basis for inferring causality. This study uses long-term panel data on thousands of British respondents to measure the impact of intra-generational class mobility across a range of political identities and preferences. Upward class mobility leads to small increases in economic conservatism, but party choice, class identity and attitudes to non-economic issues do not change. This updating of economic values is much smaller than cross-sectional differences between classes. These results are consistent with the short-run effects of class mobility operating primarily through a limited economic self-interest mechanism. Beliefs that are plausibly unconnected to economics are unaffected. The overall association between class and a range of identities, opinions and preferences is therefore more likely to be caused by early life experiences and longer-term socialization than by the immediate material interests associated with jobs.

Understanding Infidelity Forgiveness: An Application of Implicit Theories of Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Thompson ◽  
Dallas Capesius ◽  
Danica Kulibert ◽  
Randi A. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Implicit Theories Of Relationships

Abstract Two studies were conducted to identify variables associated with hypothetical infidelity forgiveness and promote forgiveness by manipulating implicit theories of relationships (ITRs; destiny/growth beliefs). Study 1 assessed the relationship between the type of behaviour, sex of the forgiver, ITRs and infidelity forgiveness. Study 2 investigated the causal relationship between ITRs and infidelity forgiveness (including attachment insecurity as a moderator). Results revealed that male participants forgave a partner's infidelity to a greater extent than female participants and that solitary behaviours were rated as most forgivable, followed by emotional/affectionate and technology/online behaviours, and sexual/explicit behaviours as least forgivable. Male participants (not female participants) induced to endorse growth beliefs forgave a partner's emotional/affectionate and solitary infidelity to a greater extent than those induced to endorse destiny beliefs; attachment insecurity moderated this relationship. These results have important implications for researchers and practitioners working with couples in distress.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Psychological/Mentally with Anxiety Level of Pre-Caesarean Section Patients in dr. M. Yunus Hospital Bengkulu

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Vellyza Colin ◽  
Santoso Ujang Effendi ◽  
Desna Pranata Leoni
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Psychic Trauma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Keywords Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between psychological/mental factors with the level of anxiety in  pre-caesarean section patients treated in the C1 Mawar Midwifery Ward, dr. M. yunus Bengkulu. The design of this research was Cross Sectional. The population in this study was pre-caesarean section patients treated in C1 Mawar obstetric ward RSUD  dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu was 30 people, while the sampling in this study was using accidental sampling techniques and data collection researchers used questionnaires through interviews or primary data. The results of chi-square statistical test showed that there were 9 patients (30.0%) with feelings of guilt or guilt and 21 patients (70.0%), 12 people (40.0%) with psychological trauma or guilt and 18 people (60.0%) did not experience psychological trauma, 11 people (36.7%) with moderate anxiety and 19 people (63.3%) with mild anxiety. There was a significant relationship between psychological / mental factors with  the level of anxiety in patients with pre-caesarean section in the C1 Mawar Obstetrics Room, RSUD dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, with a close relationship category. It was recommended for nurses in RSUD dr. M Yunus Bengkulu to provide counseling and explanation about feelings of guilt or guilt and psychic trauma to mother  that  went through pre-caesarean section to reduce anxiety levels. Keywords: anxiety level,  patient, psychological/mental, pre- caesarean sectio

Love, Morality, and Alienation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Driver
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Moral Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Susan Wolf ◽  
Reasons Of Love

Is love incompatible with morality? A popular criticism of standard moral theories such as consequentialist theories and Kantian ethics—any theory that holds that the reasons of morality are impartial—is that such theories cannot accommodate the reasons of love. Either the reasons of love are not moral reasons, yet outweigh moral reasons in many situations, or they are moral reasons that are partial, not impartial. Many moral theorists try to retain both impartiality and the special moral nature of partial reasons for close relationships by presenting approaches that justify partial norms on the basis of impartial reasons. These writers are divided on the issue of whether or not such approaches need to be self-effacing. For those who argue that the indirection need not be self-effacing, and that people should be able to step back and evaluate all of their normative commitments, a problem is raised by writers such as Susan Wolf who argue that even considering the possibility of violating a close relationship norm for the sake of morality is problematic to the relationship in question. This article challenges this view of Wolf’s, arguing that, in effect, we can provide justifications for “silencing” when it really is practically appropriate in standard moral theories that do not threaten good relationships.

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