scholarly journals InDisc: An R Package for Assessing Person and Item Discrimination in Typical-Response Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Author(s):  
Pere J. Ferrando ◽  
David Navarro-González
Keyword(s):  
R Package ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Person Parameter ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Continuous Responses ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dual Models

InDisc is an R Package that implements procedures for estimating and fitting unidimensional Item Response Theory (IRT) Dual Models (DMs). DMs are intended for personality and attitude measures and are, essentially, extended standard IRT models with an extra person parameter that models the discriminating power of the individual. The package consists of a main function, which calls subfunctions for fitting binary, graded, and continuous responses. The program, a detailed user’s guide, and an empirical example are available at no cost to the interested practitioner.

The Orchard Plot: Cultivating a Forest Plot for Use in Ecology, Evolution and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Malgorzata Lagisz ◽  
Rose E O'Dea ◽  
Joanna Rutkowska ◽  
Yefeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
R Package ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Aggregate Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect ◽  
Intuitive Interpretation

‘Classic’ forest plots show the effect sizes from individual studies and the aggregate effect from a meta-analysis. However, in ecology and evolution meta-analyses routinely contain over 100 effect sizes, making the classic forest plot of limited use. We surveyed 102 meta-analyses in ecology and evolution, finding that only 11% use the classic forest plot. Instead, most used a ‘forest-like plot’, showing point estimates (with 95% confidence intervals; CIs) from a series of subgroups or categories in a meta-regression. We propose a modification of the forest-like plot, which we name the ‘orchard plot’. Orchard plots, in addition to showing overall mean effects and CIs from meta-analyses/regressions, also includes 95% prediction intervals (PIs), and the individual effect sizes scaled by their precision. The PI allows the user and reader to see the range in which an effect size from a future study may be expected to fall. The PI, therefore, provides an intuitive interpretation of any heterogeneity in the data. Supplementing the PI, the inclusion of underlying effect sizes also allows the user to see any influential or outlying effect sizes. We showcase the orchard plot with example datasets from ecology and evolution, using the R package, orchard, including several functions for visualizing meta-analytic data using forest-plot derivatives. We consider the orchard plot as a variant on the classic forest plot, cultivated to the needs of meta-analysts in ecology and evolution. Hopefully, the orchard plot will prove fruitful for visualizing large collections of heterogeneous effect sizes regardless of the field of study.

scholarly journals Power analysis in a SMART design: sample size estimation for determining the best embedded dynamic treatment regime

Biostatistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Artman ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Tianshuang Wu ◽  
James R Mckay ◽  
Ashkan Ertefaie
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
R Package ◽  
Treatment Regime ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Dynamic Treatment Regime ◽  
Dynamic Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Summary Sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) designs have become increasingly popular in the field of precision medicine by providing a means for comparing more than two sequences of treatments tailored to the individual patient, i.e., dynamic treatment regime (DTR). The construction of evidence-based DTRs promises a replacement to ad hoc one-size-fits-all decisions pervasive in patient care. However, there are substantial statistical challenges in sizing SMART designs due to the correlation structure between the DTRs embedded in the design (EDTR). Since a primary goal of SMARTs is the construction of an optimal EDTR, investigators are interested in sizing SMARTs based on the ability to screen out EDTRs inferior to the optimal EDTR by a given amount which cannot be done using existing methods. In this article, we fill this gap by developing a rigorous power analysis framework that leverages the multiple comparisons with the best methodology. Our method employs Monte Carlo simulation to compute the number of individuals to enroll in an arbitrary SMART. We evaluate our method through extensive simulation studies. We illustrate our method by retrospectively computing the power in the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone (EXTEND) trial. An R package implementing our methodology is available to download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network.

scholarly journals El juicio de residencia español, antecedente del juicio de responsabilidad y no del juicio de amparo mexicano

2014 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Odilisa Gutiérrez Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Spanish Law ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Individual

En el sistema jurídico mexicano, específicamente en lo referente a las responsabilidades de los servidores públicos, la influencia del derecho español es claro; siendo su antecedente el juicio de residencia, que tenía como función principal sancionar a los funcionarios que ocupaban un cargo público en las tierras conquistadas y que se desempeñaban en contravención a las disposiciones emitidas por la corona española. El objetivo principal era la sanción a los servidores por el mal desempeño de las funciones encomendadas. En el juicio de responsabilidad de los servidores públicos en México, la finalidad es la misma que el de residencia española, incluso con sanciones similares a las de este último, las cuales son desde la amonestación hasta la inhabilitación para ocupar un cargo público. Mucho se ha comentado con relación a que el juicio de residencia español, es el antecedente del juicio de amparo mexicano, sin embargo no lo considero así, pues el juicio de amparo tiene como objetivo principal el resarcir a los individuos en la violación de sus derechos humanos cuando alguna autoridad los ha vulnerado, es decir el juicio de amparo gira en la protección del individuo, mientras que el juicio de residencia gira en torno a la evaluación del desempeño del funcionario, pues está dirigido a sancionarlo por su mal desempeño; de ahí que considero no exista relación directa entre ambos procedimientos.In the Mexican legal system, specifically regarding the responsabilities of government employees, the influence of the Spanish law is clear, being it´s precedent the residence trial, which main function was to punish officers who held public office in conquered lands and violated dispositions issued by the Spanish crown. The main objective was to punish public officers for their poor fulfillment of the assigned functions. The Mexican liability of public officers trial has the same purpose as the Spanish residence trial, it even has similar sanctions which can go from admonitions to becoming ineligible for public office. Much has been said regarding the fact that the Mexican amparo trial (protection of civil liberties) finds its precedents on the Spanish residence trial, however I must disagree, mainly because the amparo´s trial main objective is to compensate the individuals for suffering violations to their human rights by any authority, in other words the amparo trial is mainly about the individual´s protection, while the residence trial focuses on the performance evaluation of the officers, for it aims to sanction the officers for their performance; therefore I do not consider there is a direct relation between both procedures.

scholarly journals Technical note: the caRamel R package for Automatic Calibration by Evolutionary Multi Objective Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Monteil ◽  
Fabrice Zaoui ◽  
Nicolas Le Moine ◽  
Frédéric Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Stable Solution ◽  
R Package ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Multiple Criteria Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Nondominated Sorting

Abstract. Environmental modelling is complex, and models often require the calibration of several parameters that are not directly evaluable from a physical quantity or a field measurement. The R package caRamel has been designed to easily implement a multi-objective optimizer in the R environment to calibrate these parameters. A multiobjective calibration allows to find a compromise between different goals by defining a set of optimal parameters. The algorithm is a hybrid of the Multiobjective Evolutionary Annealing Simplex method (MEAS) and the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (ε-NSGA-II algorithm). The optimizer was initially developed for the calibration of hydrological models but can be used for any environmental model. The main function of the package, caRamel(), requires to define a multi-objective calibration function as well as bounds on the variation of the underlying parameters to optimize. CaRamel is well adapted to complex modelling. As an example, caRamel converges quickly and has a stable solution after 5,000 model evaluations with robust results for a real study case of a hydrological problem with 8 parameters and 3 objectives of calibration. The comparison with another well-known optimizer (i.e. MCO, for Multiple Criteria Optimization) confirms the quality of the algorithm.

scholarly journals Functions of Sleep

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
E Miletínová ◽  
J Bušková
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
The Individual

Sleep is essential component of life. Even though the research in this field develops constantly, there are still many aspects of this rather complex process that remains to be fully clarified. One of these aspects, reason why we actually sleep, is perhaps the most crucial. In this mini review we aim to address this question and discuss potential functions of sleep. Many recent scientific papers are currently available that covers similar topic. We tried to summarize these recent findings. There are certainly many ways how to approach this rather complex issue. Our article will specifically focus on role of sleep in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, memory consolidation or mental health in general. Its role in immune system functioning will also be mentioned. Moreover, we will also consider more general functions of sleep, such as well-being of the organisms or securing survival of the individual. In conclusion, we will highlight possible main function of sleep.

scholarly journals Lipid Mini-On: mining and ontology tool for enrichment analysis of lipidomic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 4507-4508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geremy Clair ◽  
Sarah Reehl ◽  
Kelly G Stratton ◽  
Matthew E Monroe ◽  
Malak M Tfaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
R Package ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Mass Spec ◽  
Shiny App ◽  
Lung Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Enrichment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Summary Here we introduce Lipid Mini-On, an open-source tool that performs lipid enrichment analyses and visualizations of lipidomics data. Lipid Mini-On uses a text-mining process to bin individual lipid names into multiple lipid ontology groups based on the classification (e.g. LipidMaps) and other characteristics, such as chain length. Lipid Mini-On provides users with the capability to conduct enrichment analysis of the lipid ontology terms using a Shiny app with options of five statistical approaches. Lipid classes can be added to customize the user’s database and remain updated as new lipid classes are discovered. Visualization of results is available for all classification options (e.g. lipid subclass and individual fatty acid chains). Results are also visualized through an editable network of relationships between the individual lipids and their associated lipid ontology terms. The utility of the tool is demonstrated using biological (e.g. human lung endothelial cells) and environmental (e.g. peat soil) samples. Availability and implementation Rodin (R package: https://github.com/PNNL-Comp-Mass-Spec/Rodin), Lipid Mini-On Shiny app (https://github.com/PNNL-Comp-Mass-Spec/LipidMiniOn) and Lipid Mini-On online tool (https://omicstools.pnnl.gov/shiny/lipid-mini-on/). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals IRTBEMM: An R Package for Estimating IRT Models With Guessing or Slipping Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Shaoyang Guo ◽  
Chanjin Zheng ◽  
Justin L. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
R Package ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Irt Estimation

A recently released R package IRTBEMM is presented in this article. This package puts together several new estimation algorithms (Bayesian EMM, Bayesian E3M, and their maximum likelihood versions) for the Item Response Theory (IRT) models with guessing and slipping parameters (e.g., 3PL, 4PL, 1PL-G, and 1PL-AG models). IRTBEMM should be of interest to the researchers in IRT estimation and applying IRT models with the guessing and slipping effects to real datasets.

scholarly journals Factors of Personal Acquisition of Social Status in a Small Group in a Leisure Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Nataliia Lapshova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article presents the main results of an empirical study of the factors of personal acquisition of social status in a small group in the field of leisure. Reflecting the position of the individual in the system of society, the social status of the individual is determined by the set of rights and responsibilities of the individual in the context of social ties, groups and systems. Thus, social status is a component that simultaneously affects the individual, and which, in some way, depends on the individual. Since social status is a complex and multicomponent phenomenon, it was possible to determine its socio-psychological component structure. Social status was studied through sociometric positions of respondents. The entire sample was divided into 4 groups depending on the number of elections: neglected, rejected, accepted, stars. It was found that the factors of social status in the permissive context are the acceptance of others, the psychological climate of the team, focus on the present, social approval, lack of normative behavior (conformity). Factors of social status in the working context are personal characteristics and features of group dynamics, so it should be taken into account in combination with individual psychological characteristics. Factors of each social status for separate social groups were also singled out. The social status of the individual is an important component of the social life of every person. Its main function is to organize, design, regulate and conduct groups and their members. In the leisure environment for a group of technical professional orientation, the factors of acquiring social status for certain groups are the following characteristics: neglected – group cohesion, unaccepted – socio-psychological adaptation, accepted – the tendency to affiliation, stars – acceptance of others; for the group of humanitarian professional orientation: neglected – acceptance of others, unaccepted – group cohesion, accepted – the psychological climate of the group, the stars – emotional comfort.

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