Factors of Personal Acquisition of Social Status in a Small Group in a Leisure Environment

The article presents the main results of an empirical study of the factors of personal acquisition of social status in a small group in the field of leisure. Reflecting the position of the individual in the system of society, the social status of the individual is determined by the set of rights and responsibilities of the individual in the context of social ties, groups and systems. Thus, social status is a component that simultaneously affects the individual, and which, in some way, depends on the individual. Since social status is a complex and multicomponent phenomenon, it was possible to determine its socio-psychological component structure. Social status was studied through sociometric positions of respondents. The entire sample was divided into 4 groups depending on the number of elections: neglected, rejected, accepted, stars. It was found that the factors of social status in the permissive context are the acceptance of others, the psychological climate of the team, focus on the present, social approval, lack of normative behavior (conformity). Factors of social status in the working context are personal characteristics and features of group dynamics, so it should be taken into account in combination with individual psychological characteristics. Factors of each social status for separate social groups were also singled out. The social status of the individual is an important component of the social life of every person. Its main function is to organize, design, regulate and conduct groups and their members. In the leisure environment for a group of technical professional orientation, the factors of acquiring social status for certain groups are the following characteristics: neglected – group cohesion, unaccepted – socio-psychological adaptation, accepted – the tendency to affiliation, stars – acceptance of others; for the group of humanitarian professional orientation: neglected – acceptance of others, unaccepted – group cohesion, accepted – the psychological climate of the group, the stars – emotional comfort.

The Newest Technology of Psychotherapy with Participants of Military Conflict

The article presents a new proven psychotherapeutic technology, created by the method of combination of Psychology of Possibilities, Solution Focused Brief Therapy and concepts of Integration Methodology. Psychotraumas, especially Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, which received by the victims of military conflicts, are often so individualized, that require multistage and multidirectional psychological help approaches. Release from persecution and memories of the past as a reminders of the trauma and creating perspective for further life through rethinking the experience are the main goal of psychotherapy. That`s the two most vulnerable categories of modern military conflict in eastern Ukraine, which are participants in the Joint Forces Operation (under JFO) and Inwardly Displaced Persons (under – IDP) from the zone of JFO. Psychotherapeutic practice with them encourages us to create a new technological model of psychological care to this category of clients. Its essence is integrated use of three different conceptual therapeutic technologies, which is Solution Focused Brief Therapy, concepts Psychology of Possibilities and concepts of Integration Methodology. Optimally invest in the person's attitude that everyone has a large reserve for further self-realization (attitude not on oneself, not on problems, but exclusively on the resource of personal future) and bring a person to a functional state are the main goal of all technology. If this is achieved, the need to look for flaws automatically disappears, and even more there will be no need to delve into the client's past. This is the newest approach to restoring mental health, increase resistance (immunity) to traumatic effects creation of support for virtually all three psychotherapeutic concepts presented by us through various holistically oriented psychological techniques and algorithms. As a result of passing the offered complex psychotherapy general improvement of the psychological condition of the categories of clients affected by the war in the East creates empirical arguments of validity as a new technology of integrated approach in providing psychological care in particular in work with psychotraumas at participants of military conflict for actualization in them of a resource of personal growth.

Methodological Aspects of Social Preferences Research in the Context of Solving Social Dilemmas

The article presents an analysis of the main methodological principles and schemes of social preferences experimental research, which are determined as a fundamental concept to understanding the behavior of decision-makers in the process of resolving social dilemmas. The models presented in the article include an analysis of the factors that determine social preferences. Among them are the factors of trust, reliability, reciprocity, rejection of inequality, unconditional altruism and competitive advantage. The article provides a description of the strengths and weaknesses of the classic methods for studying social preferences, which usually take the form of ultimatum game, dictator game, trust game and public goods game. The study reveals the importance of the Nash equilibrium as a way to interpret human behavior in resource allocation during the game. Analysis of numerous literary sources shows that the ultimatum game is a classic scheme for studying the altruistic behavior of people. The submission of a proposal and its acceptance is an example of Nash's ideal equilibrium. Deviation from this balance can be interpreted as altruism. In turn, the trust game is a classic scheme for studying the reciprocity and prosocial orientation. If the behavior of players deviates from Nash's equilibrium, it is interpreted as being caused by trust and reciprocity. The dictator game is a classic scheme for studying the rejection of inequality. The subject's behavior can be interpreted as a rejection of inequality or altruism, but not as a rejection of risk, as the offer of Player 1 is mandatory for Player 2. Public goods game is a classic scheme for studying the competitive orientation. Nash's ideal balance in this form of play is to do nothing for public consumption, but deviating from this rule is interpreted as altruistic behavior that is the opposite of competitive orientation. As a result, the design of psychological research is presented, which most accurately typologies the social preferences of the subjects and can contribute to the creation of a representative model of decision-making process.

New Team Roles Typology for Organizational Context

A new diagnostic tool has been proposed for use in modern corporations to support a wide range of problems related to the interaction of company staff in solving work tasks. This new development combines the strengths of tools already used in this field, namely, DISC and MBTI. The tool contains a description of 4 factors and 16 types based on these factors, as well as a questionnaire on 33 questions, which identifies the respondent's affiliation to the type based on the assessment of the result for each of the 4 scales. For the types, practical principles for the transition from the type to its place in the corporate organizational structure have been proposed, as well as the types are associated with commonly known archetypes for their intuitive understanding. An example of an organizational structure consisting of the proposed types has been provided, but at the same time it reflects the typical organizational structure of an economical corporation. An empirical study of the reliability for new questionnaire in a sample of more than 2,300 respondents from the Internet search engines users has been conducted. Sufficient levels (> 0.7) of Cronbach's alpha and MacDonald's omega are shown in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for each of the factors. The factors independence is shown as well. The proposed scales are also compared with the scales of methods for assessing emotional intelligence and creativity. Thus, the proposed typology is designed to solve a wide range of organizational tasks from building a new organization to optimizing the use of staff in existing project teams, and the work of recruitment and staff development departments.

Complex Sound's Pitch and Tempo Perception: Psychological and Instructional Features

The study investigates features of complex sound's pitch and tempo perception depending on instructional set presence via the Likert scale and WAM test (wellbeing, activity, mood). Influence of objective complex sound characteristics (pitch and tempo) on a subjective evaluation of a music fragment, as well as the influence of instructional set (prior informing of a participant about objective differences between music fragments) on a subjective evaluation of a music fragment, were explored. The study looks at how people of different genders, whether they know how to play an instrument or have had musical education, perceive music. It was discovered that high pitch music was embraced as more fun, bright, light, and indecisive. Music with a higher tempo was also perceived as carefree, which is subjectively evaluated as less heavy and more fun. People with musical education background notice more differences between fragments with various pitches and tempos, specifically, they are capable of differentiating pitch and tempo changes better. In general, the study has shown that it is possible to manipulate objective characteristics of a complex sound in order to create widely acceptable subjective and psychological interpretation.

Anxiety in the Structure of Journalist's Integral Individuality

The article considers the place of anxiety in the journalist's integral personality structure. Due to the difficulties and stress context of the journalist's profession with deadlines, permanent urgency and sometimes even life dangerous anxiety may rise and its place in integral personality structure has not researched yet. More often, we may find publications about post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome among journalists than researches dedicated to anxiety, especially to its connections with other psychological properties and traits. Our purpose is to find the place of anxiety in the journalist's integral personality structure. Reaching of purpose is reflected in the following tasks. The first task is establishing connections of anxiety with other individual psychological properties, the second, identifying predictors of anxiety and statistically prove their impact on the anxiety development, the third, establishing the links between anxiety and an integral characteristic of the individual which is professional self-esteem. The methods of this research are psychodiagnostic tests such as Structure of Temperament Questionnaire by Rusalov, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Personality Value Orientations Questionnaire by Bubnova etc. The results of our research show anxiety has many links to temperament, psychological traits, and even values. Some of them are positive (emotionality, social emotionality, vigilance, tension, values of rest and respect), others are negative (ergic, plasticity, emotional stability, dominance, social boldness, perfectionism). Moreover, anxiety has causal relationships with other properties of psychological level (emotional stability, dominance, social boldness etc.). The influence of anxiety on personality was shown with an inverse statistically significant correlation between anxiety and professional self-esteem, which is an integral characteristic of individuality. This result reflects a need for socio-psychological or soft skills training that helps journalists to improve their professional self-esteem and to reduce the level of anxiety.

Features of Psychological Ready of the Future Assistant Dentist in the System Didactic Interaction

The article shows the essence of psychological training of an assistant dentist, as well as his competence characteristics and features of the professional direction, through experimental research, implemented the training of such a specialist in a number of well-known medical institutions of Ukraine. The aim of the research is the theoretical substantiation and experimental diagnostics of the peculiarities of the psychological readiness of the future assistant dentist in the system of didactic interaction of ZVO. The methods used include: Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), which assesses their medical abilities based on their assessment results, the method "Motivation to choose a medical profession" AP Vasilkova, test-questionnaire "Production situations", the author's method of three-subject questionnaire A. N. Humenuk. The conclusions present and practically prove the effectiveness of didactic conditions that provide psychological training of the assistant dentist in medical schools. It is indicated that the system of didactic interaction of the educational institution is focused on the pedagogical support of the relevant actualization of the student as a subject of his own professional choice. The effectiveness of the organizational and pedagogical conditions of the psychological readiness of the future assistant dentist in the system of didactic interaction developed and implemented in the educational process of the educational institution is presented. Author's variants were used: interactive three-subject planning and adaptive management in the organization of educational process of students; methods of work in individual and collective forms on the ways of forming the subjective experience of the future specialist. The efficiency of introduction of organizational and pedagogical conditions of professional training of the assistant dentist is practically proved. During the experimental study, respondents eventually rethought the "object" of their activities and crossed the previously opaque boundaries between medical care and traditional training of students in the conditions of free economic zone.

The Value of Freedom as a Worldview Factor of Psychological Well-Being

The article is devoted to researching the connections between the values of freedom and life wisdom with psychological well-being. The survey had conducted in the form of a written group survey of respondents. In the research, the following research methods were provided: questionnaire "Value Orientations" by M. Rokych; methods of diagnosing the subjective well-being by R.M. Shamionov, TV Beskova; K. Riff's psychological well-being scale. The results of the research were analyzed by using statistical processing methods. The relationship between the values of freedom and life wisdom with the components and aspects of psychological well-being has been identified. It is determined that the value of freedom is positively correlated with the general level of psychological well-being and contributes to the experience of happiness through the realization of the autonomy, ability to build relevant and meaningful goals in life and a sense of personal growth. The dominance of the value of life wisdom is related to the level of psychological well-being and its components in a negative way. It has been stated that the orientation towards the value of freedom is inversely related to hedonistic well-being, and the dominance of this value does not contribute to the feeling of happiness. On the basis of the conducted research the perspective directions of work directed on preservation of optimum psychological well-being in the conditions of remote activity and recreation have been defined. These areas of work include learning the ability to find a balance between activities and recreation and learning effective forms of recreation through online resources. The role of values of freedom and life wisdom as a worldview factor of well-being was proved, the peculiarities of their interdependence during the pandemic were studied.

Content and Structure of Psychological Readiness of Secondary School Students to Solve Creative Mathematical Tasks

Informational technologies, the latest challenges in the field of technical development of society condition irreversible environmental and human changes. In the context of these changes a special place is occupied by those activities that are directly or indirectly related to technical, cybernetic, mathematical activities. This actualizes the manifestation of mathematical abilities, giftedness for math activity in youth, features of creative potential, etc. The purpose of the study is to clarify the content and structure of psychological readiness of high school students for creative mathematical performance. The main content characteristics of the creative mathematical problem as a model for the study of creative mathematical activities are considered in the article. Based on the theory of learning problems, the psychological structure of mathematical task is determined. The structure contains the following components: a) the subject of the task (in its initial state or the ascending subject of the task); b) the model of desired state, ie the requirements (set and required) of the task. The contradiction of the creative mathematical situation first of all characterized by the object and subject of the creative mathematical task. The psychological readiness of high school students for creative mathematical performance is an integrated personality trait aimed at realizing of the cognitive abilities of young people in the process of solving creative mathematical problems. Since the process of creative mathematical thinking (creative mathematical activity) is determined by objective (subject-functional) and subjective-personal (motivation, emotional-volitional, value attitude) components, it is worth saying about subject-functional, subjective-personal types of psychological readiness of high school students to perform mathematical creative activities.

Predictor Variables for Elevated Mood and Activity in Hypomania and Self-Actualization

The issue of overdiagnosis of hypomanic episodes is relevant due to their borderline nature. Diagnostic criteria describing elevated mood and activity, high self-esteem and productivity, is partly resembling a healthy process of self-actualization, which on the one hand leads to the already mentioned overdiagnosis, and on the other – to the social stigma of patients with bipolar disorder and medical and social prejudice against the elevated mood and activity they display. As part of this work, using correlation and regression, differentiation of high mood and high activity predictors is made in groups of people with a high level of self-actualization (n = 25) and patients diagnosed with the bipolar affective disorder without comorbidity (n = 24). A sample of healthy individuals with a normal level of self-actualization (n = 110) was also involved to control side variables and compare means. The following assessment inventories are used to collect data: Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrom, 1963 – in the adaptation of SAT (Aleshina, Gozman, Zaika & Kroz, 1984)), shortened version of MMPI Mini-Mult (Zaitsev, Kozyula, 1981), FPI-B (Hampel & Selg, 1963 – adapted by Krylov, Ronginsky, 1989). The regression of the "hypomania" scale, Mini-Mult, as a dependent variable, showed different groups of predictors for the two studied samples. The statistics are summarized as a model of the relationship between elevated mood and activity predictors for the two groups. Significant differences in the configuration and elements of the linkages indicate the possibility of further development of this problem to create assessment tools and methodological guidelines for psychosocial care for groups at risk of developing or recurrence of bipolar disorder. Mainly, the difference in predicting variables consists of highly negative relation of cognitive needs to hypomania in the BAD group with highly positive direct affection of "schizoid" variable of Mini-Mult, whereas hypomanic trait in the self-actualizing group is affected by "schizoid" variable indirectly and is mainly subject of effect for "existential flexibility" and "time competence" variables.