Guilty by Association: Product-Level Category Stigma and Audience Expectations in the U.S. Craft Beer Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2934-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Barlow ◽  
J. Cameron Verhaal ◽  
Jake D. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Process Product ◽  
The U.S

While researchers have been increasingly interested in the notion of category stigma, they have largely focused on stigmatized industry categories. Because products serve as a key interface between producers and consumers, we suggest that product categories should play a prominent role in the stigmatization process. Product category stigma occurs when a product category is seen as violating the expectations of its audience members. We argue that when an organization offers a product from a stigmatized category, it is subject to lower evaluations and higher penalties from the stigmatizing audience, regardless of its true underlying quality. Further, when an organization is perceived as increasing its engagement in a stigmatized category, the lower evaluations transfer to the organization’s other products. Finally, we argue that an organization’s reputation for quality actually amplifies this stigma penalty. We find support for our hypotheses in a sample of online reviews for the U.S. craft brewing industry.

scholarly journals Correlation between beer consumption per capita and number of active breweries in the selected European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Xénia Szarková ◽  
Radovan Savov
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Beer Consumption ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Per Capita

Research background: Craft beer is becoming one of the most popular alcoholic beverages globally, during the last decade. Additionally, industrial beer producers started to offer some special craft beer types that prove the rising demand for differentiated beer products. Purpose of the article: Since one of our common fields of interest is the development of the brewing industry, we intended to provide an overview of a recent trend in this sector, which is the expansion of craft breweries. As the data reveals, this trend has been present in various European countries, as well. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show that the trend of craft brewing is present in countries with strong brewing history such as Belgium, the Czech Republic, or Germany, and in those countries which are not considered as typical beer producers because of their location and culture. Methods: The information provided in this paper was retrieved mainly from scientific papers that focus on the brewing industry and the craft beer revolution. To be able to offer transparent and understandable results, we retrieved data from the reports of Brewers of Europe, which is a European non-profit association. Therefore, the research methods used are the comparison of quantitative data and correlation. Findings & Value added: The paper provides an overview of the expanding craft beer industry in the selected European countries and how strong the relation between beer consumption per capita (l) and number of active breweries is.

Microbreweries, brewpubs and beerfirms in the Sicilian craft beer industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfeo ◽  
Aldo Todaro ◽  
Giuseppina Migliore ◽  
Valeria Borsellino ◽  
Emanuele Schimmenti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the organisational and managing models characterising the craft beer producers in Sicily (Southern Italy) and the main issues of the provision of raw materials. Design/methodology/approach A direct survey involving the overall population of 41 craft breweries operating in Sicily in 2016 was carried out. Then 29 questionnaires were collected for exploratory analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis was also performed out to group companies by similar structural, productive and economic features. Findings The findings of the survey showed a Sicilian craft beer industry characterised by a substantial dependence on the import of malts hops and yeasts and the limited use of local raw materials among brewers. Furthermore, the characteristics of the processing plants and the sales channels appear to influence the diversification of the products and the turnover levels of the Sicilian craft beer producers. Originality/value This is the first study describing the craft brewing industry in Sicily. The findings contribute to enrich the knowledge on the organisational models applied in the craft beer industry. In particular, the findings could contribute to shed light on some critical issues about the provision of raw materials, suggesting possible paths for the successful development of the craft beer industry in the region.

scholarly journals When Online Reviews Meet Hyperdifferentiation: A Study of the Craft Beer Industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Clemons ◽  
Guodong Gordon Gao ◽  
Lorin M. Hitt
Keyword(s):  
Online Reviews ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Beer Industry

scholarly journals Examining market trends in smokeless tobacco sales in the United States: 2011-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristine D Delnevo ◽  
Mary Hrywna ◽  
Erin J Miller Lo ◽  
Olivia A Wackowski
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Product Category ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Track System ◽  
Moist Snuff ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction The smokeless tobacco (SLT) industry in the U.S. continues to transform with novel products amid an evolving regulatory environment. We report SLT sales trends in the U.S. by analyzing retail market scanner data from 2011 through 2019. Methods National SLT sales data were obtained from Nielsen’s Convenience Track System for January 2011 to December 2019. UPC codes were used to classify products by attributes including type, parent company, brand, form, and flavor. Market share was calculated as percentage of total unit sales. Detailed product analysis were presented for moist snuff, snus, and tobacco-free nicotine products. Results SLT sales increased by 5.8% between 2011 and 2016 but declined by 3.9% from 2016 to 2019. Moist snuff sales increased by 8.1% between 2011 and 2016 and then declined 7.4% from 2016 to 2019 but still accounted for roughly 90% of the overall market annually. Between 2011 and 2019, snus sales consistently increased while sales of chew, dry snuff, and dissolvables decreased. Tobacco-free nicotine products emerged in 2016 and captured 4.0% of the market by 2019. Portion pouch packaging and flavors showed consistent growth although their popularity varied by the type of smokeless product. Conclusion This study extends our previous work on U.S. SLT market trends through 2019. Overall sales increased between 2011 and 2016 but there were signs of leveling off including declining sales of moist snuff. Newer products continue to gain market share. Continued monitoring of SLT sales is needed, particularly given the new modified risk status of several products. Implications This study analyzed the last 9 years of smokeless tobacco market data (2011-2019) to describe recent trends in sales. Overall, the smokeless product category is quite resilient although signs suggest downward trends among some product categories and features. New types of smokeless tobacco products (e.g., snus, tobacco-free nicotine pouches) account for a growing share of the market.

Craft Beer's Unlikely Alchemist

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Theresa McCulla
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intellectual Curiosity ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
History Of

In 1965, Frederick (Fritz) Maytag III began a decades-long revitalization of Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco, California. This was an unexpected venture from an unlikely brewer; for generations, Maytag's family had run the Maytag Washing Machine Company in Iowa and he had no training in brewing. Yet Maytag's career at Anchor initiated a phenomenal wave of growth in the American brewing industry that came to be known as the microbrewing—now “craft beer”—revolution. To understand Maytag's path, this article draws on original oral histories and artifacts that Maytag donated to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History via the American Brewing History Initiative, a project to document the history of brewing in the United States. The objects and reflections that Maytag shared with the museum revealed a surprising link between the birth of microbrewing and the strategies and culture of mass manufacturing. Even if the hallmarks of microbrewing—a small-scale, artisan approach to making beer—began as a backlash against the mass-produced system of large breweries, they relied on Maytag's early, intimate connections to the assembly-line world of the Maytag Company and the alchemy of intellectual curiosity, socioeconomic privilege, and risk tolerance with which his history equipped him.

Non-economic impact of craft brewery visitors in British Columbia: A quantitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrett R. Bachman ◽  
John S. Hull ◽  
Byron Marlowe
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Global Growth

The number of craft breweries in British Columbia has grown significantly in recent years,numbering over 140 in 2017. Very little is known about the effects of the craft brewery industryin British Columbia, specifically as it relates to impacts not related to brewery revenue and jobcreation. Beyond British Columbia, the craft beer industry has not empirically examined non-revenue impacts in a manner that reflects the global growth of the sector. Tourism experiences,such as those offered by craft breweries, are becoming increasingly important for resilience and sustainable growth and success of destinations. The goal of this research was to determine whovisitors to craft breweries are, how tourist and resident patrons differ, and what effects craftbreweries have on tourists who visit breweries. A 55 item survey was distributed at 11 craftbreweries in three regions in British Columbia during the summer of 2017. Results founddifferences between tourist and resident patrons in self-image congruency, age and travel partysize, but no difference in gender, education, or household income. From a tourism standpoint, itwas found that memories have a significant, positive impact on loyalty regarding the breweryand the destination. For tourists, strong connections were found between social involvement andboth authenticity and place attachment for those who were more socially involved in craft beer.Comparisons to previous research in the wine industry provide additional commentary.Implications for craft breweries, destinations, and future research in this area are discussed.

scholarly journals Under the Umbrella: Goal-Derived Category Construction and Product Category Nesting

2021 ◽  
pp. 000183922110123
Author(s):  
Johnny Boghossian ◽  
Robert J. David
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Derived Category ◽  
The State ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Intermediaries ◽  
Category Construction

Categories are organized vertically, with product categories nested under larger umbrella categories. Meaning flows from umbrella categories to the categories beneath them, such that the construction of a new umbrella category can significantly reshape the categorical landscape. This paper explores the construction of a new umbrella category and the nesting beneath it of a product category. Specifically, we study the construction of the Quebec terroir products umbrella category and the nesting of the Quebec artisanal cheese product category under this umbrella. Our analysis shows that the construction of umbrella categories can unfold entirely separately from that of product categories and can follow a distinct categorization process. Whereas the construction of product categories may be led by entrepreneurs who make salient distinctive product attributes, the construction of umbrella categories may be led by “macro actors” removed from the market. We found that these macro actors followed a goal-derived categorization process: they first defined abstract goals and ideals for the umbrella category and only subsequently sought to populate it with product categories. Among the macro actors involved, the state played a central role in defining the meaning of the Quebec terroir category and mobilizing other macro actors into the collective project, a finding that suggests an expanded role of the state in category construction. We also found that market intermediaries are important in the nesting of product categories beneath new umbrella categories, notably by projecting identities onto producers consistent with the goals of the umbrella category. We draw on these findings to develop a process model of umbrella category construction and product category nesting.

scholarly journals Beverage bottle capacity, packaging efficiency, and the potential for plastic waste reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Becerril-Arreola ◽  
R. E. Bucklin
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Packaging Efficiency ◽  
The U.S

AbstractPlastic pollution is a pressing issue because authorities struggle to contain and process the enormous amount of waste produced. We study the potential for reducing plastic waste by examining the efficiency with which different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles deliver beverages. We find that 80% of the variation in bottle weight is explained by bottle capacity, 16% by product category, and 1% by brand. Bottle weight is quadratic and convex function of capacity, which implies that medium capacity bottles are most efficient at delivering consumable product. Local data on PET bottle sales and municipal waste recovery validate the findings. A 20% shift in consumption from smaller to larger bottles could reduce the production of PET waste by over 10,000 t annually in the U.S. alone.

The role of market and product category characteristics in local versus foreign language branding in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Farías ◽  
Luis Torres
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Product Categories

PurposeThis paper explores which market and product category characteristics could influence the use of foreign language brand names (i.e. whether a brand uses a foreign language versus local language brand name) in some of the largest Latin American countries.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are tested using 880 brands from 39 product categories and nine Latin American markets using a hierarchical logistic regression.FindingsResults revealed that foreign language brand names are more likely to be used in product categories related to local infrastructure, high-tech and global community. In contrast, local language brand names are more likely to be used in product categories associated to subscriptions. Findings also suggest that Hofstede's national cultural dimensions are significant factors. Finally, the results revealed that foreign language brand names are more likely to be used in markets with a low level of foreign language proficiency.Originality/valueThis paper shows the importance of considering market and product category characteristics and their potential influence on local versus foreign language branding in Latin America – an ignored issue in previous research.

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