Rurality Versus Readiness: The Relationship Between State-Level Connection and Capacity Variables and the Management of Medical Stockpiles for a Public Health Emergency

The Relationship ◽

Political Variables ◽

Medical Countermeasures

This study investigates what factors contributed to the score a state received for managing its medical countermeasures stockpile pre-COVID-19. It is particularly interested in the relationship between a state’s level of rural population and its countermeasure management capacity. A fixed-effects regression analysis was run using data from 2016 to 2019 to test for a relationship between the percentage of rural population in a state and the states’ countermeasures management score, while controlling for other relevant social, economic, and political variables such as level of social associations, the segregation index, and the level of income inequality. Rurality and physicians per capita proved to be significant and negative. A subsequent analysis found that states with higher levels of rural populations have lower levels of COVID-19 vaccinations, even accounting for effective countermeasure management. This points to rural states having challenges in regard to medical countermeasures that cannot be completely solved with technocratic solutions.

Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion: A Cross-National Analysis

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10020109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brian McPhail

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Negative Impact ◽

National Level ◽

Religious Attendance ◽

Social Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

National Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cross National

This study examines the effect of religious heterogamy on the transmission of religion from one generation to the next. Using data from 37 countries in the 2008 Religion III Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), I conduct a cross-national analysis of the relationship between parents’ religious heterogamy and their adult childrens’ religious lives. By estimating fixed effects regression models, I adjust for national-level confounders to examine patterns of association between having interreligious parents during childhood and level of adult religiosity as measured by self-rated religiousness, belief in God, and frequencies of religious attendance and prayer. The results indicate that having religiously heterogamous parents or parents with dissimilar religious attendance patterns are both associated with lower overall religiosity in respondents. Parents’ religious attendance, however, mediates the relationship when each parent has a different religion. Having one unaffiliated parent is associated with lower religiosity regardless of parents’ levels of religious attendance. The negative impact of parents’ religious heterogamy on religious inheritance is independent of national-level factors and has implications for anticipating changes in the religious landscapes of societies characterized by religious diversity and growing numbers of interreligious marriages.

The Role of Craft Breweries in Expanding (Local) Hop Production

Journal of Wine Economics ◽

10.1017/jwe.2019.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 374-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Dobis ◽

Neil Reid ◽

Claudia Schmidt ◽

Stephan J. Goetz

Keyword(s):

Count Data ◽

Data Model ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

State Level ◽

Geographic Factors ◽

Land Prices ◽

Lagged Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Jel Classifications

AbstractHop production has expanded dramatically in recent years along with the number of local craft breweries, but to date the relationship between these two phenomena has not been explored systematically. Using a state-level pooled count data model with observations from 2007, 2012, and 2017, we examine the independent lagged effects of breweries on the number of hop farms and acres grown, holding constant fixed effects and key economic and geographic factors. Our results confirm that the number of breweries is associated with more hop production (farms and acres) five years later, while warmer temperatures and higher land prices discourage it. (JEL Classifications: L66, Q11, R30)

The effects of financial factors on Peruvian mining companies share price

Accounting ◽

10.5267/j.ac.2020.11.015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 373-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Almendra Carhuamaca-Flores ◽

Vania Malena Almonacid-Carranza ◽

Nivardo Alonzo Santillan-Zapata ◽

Pedro Bernabe Venegas-Rodriguez ◽

Jimmy Alberth Deza-Quispe

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Share Price ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Dividend Yield ◽

Book Value ◽

Share Prices ◽

Financial Factors ◽

Earnings Per Share ◽

This research analyses the relationship and relative importance of financial factors on the Peruvian mining copper companies´ share prices from 2010 to 2018. Voting common share prices were focused and book value, dividend per share, dividend yield, price earnings, earnings per share and roe were employed as regressors. Fixed-effects regression was used, and tests of stationarity, distribution, and specification harnessed. It was found that earnings per share and dividend yield had a positive and significant relationship with share prices, while book value had a negative one.

Can Health Insurance Reduce School Absenteeism?

Education and Urban Society ◽

10.1177/0013124510381379 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 696-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ryan Yeung ◽

Bradley Gunton ◽

Dylan Kalbacher ◽

Jed Seltzer ◽

Hannah Wesolowski

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

School Attendance ◽

State Level ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Level Data ◽

Regression Techniques ◽

Daily Attendance ◽

Average Daily Attendance

Enacted in 1997, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) represented the largest expansion of U.S. public health care coverage since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid 32 years earlier. Although the program has recently been reauthorized, there remains a considerable lack of thorough and well-designed evaluations of the program. In this study, we use school attendance as a measure of the program’s impact. Utilizing state-level data and the use of fixed-effects regression techniques, we conclude that SCHIP has had a positive and significant effect on state average daily attendance rates, as measured by both SCHIP participation and eligibility rates. The results support the renewal and expansion of the program.

The Effects of Teleworking on Housework Division and Well-Being of Couples

10.20944/preprints201701.0020.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Eleftherios Giovanis

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Well Being ◽

British Household Panel Survey ◽

Panel Survey ◽

Men And Women ◽

Household Chores ◽

The Family ◽

Family Demands ◽

Using Data ◽

This study examines the relationship between teleworking, gender roles and happiness of couples using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Understanding Society Survey (USS) during the period 1991-2012. Various approaches are followed, including Probit-adapted fixed effects, multinomial Logit and Instrumental variables (IV). The results support that both men and women who are teleworkers spend more time on housework, while teleworking increases the probability that the household chores examined in this study, such as cooking, cleaning ironing and childcare, will be shared relatively to those who are non-teleworkers. In addition, women are happier when they or their spouse is teleworker, as well as, both men and women are happier when they state that the specific household chores are shared. Thus, women teleworkers may be happier because they can face the family demands and share the household chores with their spouse, increasing their fairness belief about the household division allocation and improving their well-being, expressed by happiness.

The Interplay of Having an Abortion, Relationship Satisfaction, and Union Dissolution

Comparative Population Studies ◽

10.12765/cpos-2021-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin Hajek

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Union Dissolution ◽

Prospective Data ◽

Causal Mechanisms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Using Data ◽

Fixed Effects Regression

This study researches the associations between having an abortion, relationship satisfaction, and union dissolution. Empirical evidence on this topic is scarce, and there is a pronounced lack of studies analysing longitudinal data: Most previous studies have used data from women recruited from abortion clinics who are about to undergo an abortion, and therefore do not incorporate a prospective measure of relationship satisfaction pre-pregnancy. Panel studies, on the other hand, collect prospective data on various topics and allow for the estimation of more advanced models that can help identify causal mechanisms. Using data from the German Family Panel pairfam in combination with pooled logistic regressions, discrete-time event history models, as well as fixed effects regression models, this study compares relationships up to nine years before having had an abortion and eight years afterwards. The findings of the analyses can neither confirm that relationship satisfaction acts as a confounding factor that influences both the likelihood of terminating a pregnancy and union dissolution, nor as a mediating factor between having an abortion and union dissolution. A negative effect of having an abortion on relationship satisfaction appears to be only temporary. In the year of an abortion, relationship satisfaction decreases slightly. In the following years, a significant difference in relationship satisfaction to pre-abortion years is no longer visible. By using panel data, the temporal order of events can be retraced, resulting in the discovery that relationship satisfaction and union dissolution do not change drastically from pre-abortion values after having an abortion. * This article belongs to a special issue on "Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data".

Impact of federal transfers upon US infant mortality rates: a secondary analysis using a fixed effects regression approach

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e021533

Author(s):

Michael McLaughlin ◽

Mark R Rank

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

State Level ◽

Well Being ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Postneonatal Mortality ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesIn order to improve health outcomes, the federal government allocates hundreds of billions of annual dollars to individual states in order to further the well-being of its citizens. This study examines the impact of such federal intergovernmental transfers on reducing state-level infant mortality rates.SettingAnnual data are collected from all 50 US states between 2004 and 2013.ParticipantsEntire US population under the age of 1 year between 2004 and 2013.Primary and secondary outcome measuresState-level infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate and postneonatal mortality rate.ResultsUsing a fixed effects regression model to control for unmeasurable differences between states, the impact of federal transfers on state-level infant mortality rates is estimated. After controlling for differences across states, increases in per capita federal transfers are significantly associated with lower infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates. Holding all other variables constant, a $200 increase in the amount of federal transfers per capita would save one child’s life for every 10 000 live births.ConclusionsConsiderable debate exists regarding the role of federal transfers in improving the well-being of children and families. These findings indicate that increases in federal transfers are strongly associated with reductions in infant mortality rates. Such benefits should be carefully considered when state officials are deciding whether to accept or reject federal funds.

Civil Money Penalty Enforcement Actions for Quality Deficiencies in Nursing Homes

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnz180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 868-877

Author(s):

Xiaochuan Wang ◽

Denise Gammonley ◽

Felicia Bender

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

State Level ◽

Regulatory Oversight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

For Profit ◽

Profit Status ◽

Fixed Effects Regression

Abstract Background and Objectives Civil money penalties (CMP) are fines collected by CMS. A portion of these CMPs are redistributed to states for purposes including improving resident care and quality of life through reinvestment in quality improvement projects. This study examined state variation in civil money penalty enforcement actions for quality of life (QOL) and quality of care (QOC) deficiencies in nursing homes. Research Design and Methods 2015–2016 cross-sectional CASPER nursing home survey data obtained from the CMS QCOR database were used to explore the pattern of enforcement actions for QOL and QOC deficiencies across states. Fixed effects regression models examined relationships between state-level characteristics, quality deficiencies, and enforcement actions imposed by states. Results State enforcement actions resulting in a CMP were more likely for QOC deficiencies (M = 0.143, SD = 0.097) than for QOL deficiencies (M = 0.070, SD = 0.056) and states exhibited variability in imposing enforcement actions. The presence of severe QOC deficiencies resulting in actual resident harm contributed to CMP enforcement actions for both QOL and QOC deficiencies. States with primarily for-profit status providers had more enforcement actions. Discussion and Implications The variability noted in state enforcement for quality deficiencies actions parallels inconsistencies in state regulatory oversight of nursing homes.

The Relationship Between Household Credit and Banking Stability in Malaysia: Panel Evidence

Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business ◽

10.22146/gamaijb.64451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

NURHUDA NIZAR ◽

Zulkefly Abdul Karim

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Consumer Credit ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Stability Index ◽

Bank Stability ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Banking Stability ◽

Household Credit ◽

This study investigates the relationship between household credit and banking stability in Malaysia using a sample of 37 commercial banks spanning the period from 2008 to 2015. In analyzing household credit’s influence on the Malaysian banking sector’s stability, household credit was categorized into two components, namely mortgage and consumer credit. The Banking Stability Index (BSI) for each bank is constructed using 15 bank-specific variables and some macro-economic variables. The determinants of the BSI are estimated using a static panel data technique. The fixed-effects regression results showed a statistically significant negative relationship between both forms of household credit (mortgage credit and consumer credit) upon the banking sector’s stability. The finding signals that understanding the link between household credit and the Bank Stability Index is crucial to the policymakers and the banks’ management in closely monitoring household credit, particularly mortgage and consumer credit.

The Relationship between Beer Taxes, Other Alcohol Policies, and Child Homicide Deaths

Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.2202/1538-0653.1571 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bisakha Sen

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

State Level ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Child Homicide ◽

Alcohol Policies ◽

Undetermined Intent ◽

Outlet Density ◽

Conditional Maximum ◽

Abstract Extant research finds inverse relationships between beer taxes and physical child abuse. This study extends the direction of research by investigating the relationship between beer taxes, other alcohol policies and child homicide deaths. The homicide death count for children 0-9 years old at the state level over 1981-2002 is used as the dependent variable. Negative binomial regression models with state and year fixed effects and other control variables are estimated. Results show an inverse relationship between per gallon beer taxes and child homicide deaths (elasticity approximately -0.19), and a direct relationship between alcohol retail outlet density and child homicide deaths (elasticity approximately 0.16). Very similar results are obtained when the dependent variable is changed to be the sum of child homicide deaths and child deaths classified as being due to 'undetermined intent', and when conditional maximum likelihood Poisson models are used instead of negative binomial models.