scholarly journals The Social Life of “Scaffolds”

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Parry

Technologies for enhancement of the human body historically have taken the form of an apparatus: a technological device inserted in, or appended to, the human body. The margins of these devices were clearly discernible and materially circumscribed, allowing the distinction between the corporeality of the human body and the “machine” to remain both ontologically and materially secure. This dualism has performed some important work for human rights theorists, regulators, and policy makers, enabling each to imagine they can establish where the human ends and the other begins. New regenerative products such as Infuse™ and Amplify™ subsist, as animal-derived scaffolds seeded with growth hormone implanted within a prosthetic device. They are much more materially complex, and their identities thus remain open to contestation. Following Lochlann Jain’s 2006 work, I thus attend closely to their social lives, particularly the stories that are told about them and how these are employed to construct understandings of what kind of a phenomenon they are: systemic drug, biologic, or combinatorial medical device. The significance of this classificatory project is revealed in the final section of this paper, which explores how these stories shape understandings of “product failure,” liability, and causation when such products overflow their material and ontological categorization and their recipients become disturbingly “more than human.”

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Walton

This analysis of social life in a poor, multiethnic public housing neighborhood presents an opportunity for refinement of social disorganization theory. Drawing on data from interviews, focus groups, and participant observations among residents, I find that this neighborhood exhibits substantial collective efficacy, despite social disorganization theory's predictions that the structural conditions of high poverty and racial and ethnic diversity result in low collective efficacy. I explicate two social psychological investment strategies—sense of ownership and symbolic representation—that appear to facilitate a sense of community and ultimately collective efficacy, helping to explain this apparent anomaly. I argue that even in the presence of structural disadvantage, having a strong sense of community provides a basis for beneficial action on behalf of the collective because it constitutes a source of shared expectations about values and norms in the neighborhood. These findings suggest refinements to the social disorganization framework, but also provide foundational ideas for policy interventions that may improve the social lives of residents in disadvantaged neighborhoods.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Kiki Rahmatika

the human body is a tool that capable of understanding and then reveal various problems that exist in the social life. Body as tool means a body that has a technique or as technology that is able to express the problem. if the body has been positioned as a tool, of course the tool must have a technique that has been honed its ability. For example fall-recovery’s technique which is discovered by dorris Humphrey. then to get to the technique, the body must get treatment, conditioning and emphasis through strict discipline. ultimately the techniques that make the body into technology will be constructed through body behavior which is doing by long exercises and method from the right technique.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Stade

Concepts have cultural biographies and social lives. Some concepts become social and political keywords that can be both indicative of and instrumental in social and political conflicts. (It might even be possible to speak of conceptual violence.) But they are not just contentious; they also tend to be contested. Contentious and contested concepts have been studied by historians and social scientists from varying temporal and spatial horizons. It is a research area that lends itself to cross-disciplinary approaches, as is demonstrated in the three contributions to this section, the first of which investigates the Russian obsession with the concept of “Europe.” The second contribution to the section explores the military roots of the concept of “creative thinking,” and the final contribution examines the social life of “political correctness” as a fighting word.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
David Mariani

Habits may be the key word in the future of health. In the last years scientist have demonstrated that habits have a great importance on peoples’ future. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, abuse of processed food, and deterioration of the social life and the environment are putting a strain on the adaptability of the human body. New chronic diseases are replacing the old ones and imposing very high social and health costs. Awareness of the original habits’ value can allow a sustainable health care. (Healthy_habits)


2020 ◽  
pp. 016224392091678
Author(s):  
Margaret E. MacDonald

This paper is about a drug called misoprostol and its controversial clinical and social lives. Although originally developed as a prevention for gastric ulcers, in the 1980s, it developed an off-label reputation as an abortifacient. The drug’s association with clandestine abortion has profoundly shaped its social life as a marginal and suspect character in the realm of global maternal and reproductive health where it has the potential to prevent two major causes of maternal death––postpartum hemorrhage and unsafe abortion. The social life of misoprostol has also been shaped by the question of authoritative practice, that is, the question of who can deliver medicine. Both issues are about the specters of misuse of misoprostol: off-label, illegal, immoral, or by unlicensed providers. In this paper, I focus ethnographically on two women’s health nongovernmental organizations that have been conducting clinical testing and advocacy for the use of misoprostol for reproductive indications in global maternal health settings. Drawing on the notions of pharmaceutical activism and protocol feminism, I describe and analyze how the tools of evidence and authoritative practice have been reassembled in new networks of expertise toward the social justice goals of life, access, and dignity for women.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Byron Ellsworth Hamann

Idolatry is an accusation. Derived from ancient Greek terms for the veneration (latreia) of images (eidola), idolatry provides a framework for exploring the connections and confusions of the early modern Mediterratlantic world, where false images seemed to be everywhere. This essay surveys the social lives of idols in sixteenth-century New Spain, focusing on their destruction, creation, excavation, and commodification. Significantly, all four actions were performed by Europeans and Native Americans alike: the treatment of idols in New Spain cannot be neatly divided into Mesoamerican versus Mediterranean strategies. Understanding these shared practices requires contextualizing them in pre-Hispanic and medieval histories, as well as in Europe’s Renaissance present. But of course shared actions may conceal radically different meanings, and the essay’s final section considers how the Castilian term ídolo was translated into different Mesoamerican languages. The ancient category of the idol, imported to the Americas, was remade into something new. Connecting dictionary entries to military and missionary reports to the archives of the Inquisition, the production of idols in early modern New Spain provides an unexpected context for revisiting the classic concerns—and still generative possibilities—of James Lockhart’s concept of Double Mistaken Identity. RESUMEN La idolatría es una acusación. Derivada de los términos del griego antiguo utilizados para la veneración (latreia) de las imágenes (eidola), la idolatría brinda un marco para explorar las conexiones y confusiones del mundo Mediterratlántico de la temprana modernidad, donde las falsas imágenes parecían estar en todas partes. Este ensayo analiza la vida social de los ídolos en la Nueva España del siglo XVI, centrándose en su destrucción, creación, excavación y mercantilización. Es importante señalar que tanto los europeos como los indígenas americanos participaron en estos actos: el tratamiento de los ídolos en Nueva España no se puede dividir claramente en estrategias mesoamericanas versus mediterráneas. La comprensión de estas prácticas compartidas exige contextualizarlas en las historias prehispánicas y medievales, así como en el presente del Renacimiento europeo. No obstante, no cabe duda de que las acciones compartidas pueden ocultar significados radicalmente diferentes, y la sección final del ensayo considera cómo se tradujo el término castellano ídolo a diversos idiomas mesoamericanos. La antigua categoría del ídolo fue transformada al ser importada a las Américas. Al conectar las entradas del diccionario con los informes militares y misioneros a los archivos de la Inquisición, la producción de ídolos en la Nueva España de la temprana modernidad proporciona un contexto inesperado para revisar las preocupaciones clásicas, y las continuas posibilidades, del concepto de Doble Identidad Equivocada de James Lockhart. RESUMO Idolatria é uma acusação. Palavra derivada do termo do grego antigo para veneração (latreia) de imagens (eidola), a idolatria provém um enquadramento para explorar as conexões e confusões do mundo Mediterratlântico no início da era moderna, onde as imagens falsas pareciam estar em toda parte. Esse ensaio examina a vida social dos ídolos na Nova Espanha do século XVI, concentrando-se em sua destruição, criação, escavação e mercantilização. Significantemente, todas as quatro ações foram performadas tanto por europeus quanto por nativos-americanos: o tratamento de ídolos na Nova Espanha não pode ser claramente dividido em estratégias mesoamericanas versus mediterrâneas. Compreender essas práticas compartilhadas requer sua contextualização em histórias pré-hispânicas e medievais, bem como no presente da Renascença na Europa. Entretanto, é claro que ações compartilhadas podem esconder significados radicalmente diferentes, e a seção final do ensaio considera como o termo castelhano ídolo foi traduzido em diferentes línguas mesoamericanas. A categoria antiga do ídolo, importada para as Américas, foi transformada em algo novo. Conectando verbetes de dicionários a relatórios militares e missionários a arquivos da inquisição, a produção de ídolos no início da era moderna na Nova Espanha provém um contexto inesperado para revisitar preocupações clássicas – e ainda as possibilidades geradoras – do conceito de Identidade Duplamente Equivocada de James Lockhart.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Nanda Septi Prayetno

The purpose of this research is to find out how the peusijuek tradition act as a media means in the mix of Islamic syaria law in districts of Kuta Baro Aceh Besar Region in the Aceh Province. And how the peusijuek tradition functions in society for it to be able to last until now in the presence of the assumption that the peusijuek tradition is a hindu tradition and considered a bid’ah and not according to the syaria law. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method, where the researcher gains the information straight from the result of interview and literature review. During the course of this research, the researcher uses the cultural functionalism theory according to Malinowski. Functionalistic theory explains that between the elements of a culture, there is a link, and why certain patterns happen or at least why the patterns still lasts and claimed by the society. Regardless it does not stray from the function that the culture has, like the peusijuk tradition that lives and color the social lives of Acehnese people. The peusijeuk tradition is an embodiment of gratefulness to Allah SWT for what have been obtained in someones life that is implemented in forms of ceremony. The peusijuek tradition is also a way to manifest peace in social life of the Kuta Baro district. The result form this research is to state that the peusijuek tradition as a media means in the mix of Islamic syaria law that has a very important role for the society, because it has a certain function, which is to bring prosperity, to expect blessing, to keep peace between people, and to protect and maintan the culture. To this day the peusijuek tradition is a social reality and also to become an identity of the Acehnese people, especialy to the Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar district.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Howard

Coffee drinking is fundamental to social life in Ethiopia. Based on research in eastern Amhara Region between 2011 and 2015, this paper explores the omnipresent buna ceremony during which coffee is prepared and served, and its role in the lives of rural government workers as an occasion for building group solidarity as protection against the hardships they face. While Ethiopian society is commonly portrayed as highly authoritarian and hierarchical, this ethnographic account of the social lives of low-level officials complicates the picture of a strict divide between state and society, and is a contribution to calls for attention to the ways in which material practices continually constitute the state as a reality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
James Iveniuk ◽  
Peter Donnelly ◽  
Louise Hawkley

This study examines the consequences of confidant death for the social lives of older adults, testing hypotheses from socio-emotional selectivity theory and the hierarchical compensatory model. We draw upon longitudinal data from the National Social Life Health and Aging Project—a nationally representative survey of older adults ( N = 2,261). We employ ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordinal logistic regressions in the context of multiple imputation with chained equations, checking our findings with doubly robust estimation. We find that the death of a spouse, but not the death of a family member or friend, was associated with increased support from friends and family, spending more time with family, and more frequent participation in religious services, but not volunteering. Death of other confidants also had little impact on older adults’ social lives, suggesting the robustness of their networks to nonspousal loss.


2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Chou Chen ◽  
Denise M. Woods ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Keh-Wen Carin Chuang

This case involves the problems that young people in Taiwan are facing in high tech companies. Employees are spending many hours in their jobs and making high salaries as a result, but their social lives are suffering greatly. This paper examines the relationship between the work and social life of young Taiwanese workers in high tech firms. Although salaries and compensation packages are high, the social lives of these workers have diminished greatly. This study provides a comprehensive viewpoint from the perspective of an employee within the Human Resource department of one of these companies.


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