Google’s lens: computational photography and platform capitalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 016344372093944
Author(s):  
Sy Taffel
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Computational Photography ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Representational Politics ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Processing Techniques

Computational photography is currently altering the representational and social functions of photographic imaging. A range of heavily automated computational processing techniques produce images that remediate digital photography to circumvent physical limitations associated with the size of smartphones, emulating the aesthetics associated with larger format digital cameras and professional photographic workflows and practices. These processes include automated compositing where images seen by users are constituted of up to 15 individual frames, the simulation of a shallow depth-of-field, automated facial retouching and even providing automated assistance to suggest alternative frames within the image stream to serve as the base image. This article explores these emerging techniques and accompanying claims that such processes are radically transforming photographic practice. While the extent and modes of automation and algorithmic processing depart from prior practices, contextualising them within the histories of photographic compositing and the algorithmic malleability of digital photography suggests the intensification of existing trends rather than an epistemic break. Furthermore, exploring the representational politics of automated facial retouching and the datafication of images situates these changes within the broader social context of dataveillance and platform capitalism.

scholarly journals Ranking-Based Salient Object Detection and Depth Prediction for Shallow Depth-of-Field

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Ke Xian ◽  
Juewen Peng ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Zhiguo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Computational Photography ◽  
Salient Object Detection ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Salient Object ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Ranking Loss

Shallow depth-of-field (DoF), focusing on the region of interest by blurring out the rest of the image, is challenging in computer vision and computational photography. It can be achieved either by adjusting the parameters (e.g., aperture and focal length) of a single-lens reflex camera or computational techniques. In this paper, we investigate the latter one, i.e., explore a computational method to render shallow DoF. The previous methods either rely on portrait segmentation or stereo sensing, which can only be applied to portrait photos and require stereo inputs. To address these issues, we study the problem of rendering shallow DoF from an arbitrary image. In particular, we propose a method that consists of a salient object detection (SOD) module, a monocular depth prediction (MDP) module, and a DoF rendering module. The SOD module determines the focal plane, while the MDP module controls the blur degree. Specifically, we introduce a label-guided ranking loss for both salient object detection and depth prediction. For salient object detection, the label-guided ranking loss comprises two terms: (i) heterogeneous ranking loss that encourages the sampled salient pixels to be different from background pixels; (ii) homogeneous ranking loss penalizes the inconsistency of salient pixels or background pixels. For depth prediction, the label-guided ranking loss mainly relies on multilevel structural information, i.e., from low-level edge maps to high-level object instance masks. In addition, we introduce a SOD and depth-aware blur rendering method to generate shallow DoF images. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Speaker-Oriented Attitude Datives in Social Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Rapport Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levantine Arabic ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Social Acts

This chapter examines the social functions of speaker-oriented attitude datives in Levantine Arabic. It analyzes these datives as perspectivizers used by a speaker to instruct her hearer to view her as a form of authority in relation to him, to the content of her utterance, and to the activity they are both involved in. The nature of this authority depends on the sociocultural, situational, and co-textual context, including the speaker’s and hearer’s shared values and beliefs, their respective identities, and the social acts employed in interaction. The chapter analyzes specific instances of speaker-oriented attitude datives as used in different types of social acts (e.g., commands, complaints) and in different types of settings (e.g., family talk, gossip). It also examines how these datives interact with facework, politeness, and rapport management.

scholarly journals The Non-Aesthetic Aspect of Mangkunagaran-Style Dance: Study From The Perspective of Social Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Malarsih Malarsih ◽  
Usrek Tani Utina ◽  
Moh Hasan Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aesthetic Aspect ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims at analyzing the non-aesthetic aspect of Mangkunagaran-style dance from the perspective of its social context. The method employed in the study is interpretative-descriptive qualitative. The approach used social culture to analyze the perspectives. The research was conducted in Pura Mangkunagaran, with the focus of research lies on the non-aesthetic aspect of Mangkunagaran-style dance taken from the perspective of its social context. Techniques for collecting data was an observation, interview, and documentation study. The data validity mainly used data triangulation. Results show that from the perspective of social context, the Mangkunagaran-style dance is divided into four major social functions, i.e., the social order for integration, the function of expression, the function of entertainment, and the function of Psychiatric, Aesthetic, and Economic. These for main social functions are taken part in the existence of Mangkunagaran-style dance in Pura Mangkunagaran and wider communities.

scholarly journals In-Field Digital Photography and the Curation of Associated Records: Not All Prints Are Created Equal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle K. Knoll ◽  
A. Carver-Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Print ◽  
Digital Prints ◽  
Print Process

AbstractWith the advent of commercially available digital cameras in the late 1990s resulting in the near-exclusion of analog photographic prints today, most archaeological repositories around the world have a mix of analog and digital photographic prints. That ratio is increasingly moving toward digital print processes, of which there are several types. To minimize the loss of image quality, collection managers must become familiar with the unique curation challenges of photographic prints from digitally created images. Likewise, creators of digital content must be aware that choices made when selecting a print process for reposit will have a direct effect on image and print permanence. Site photographs are critical evidence of archaeological activity, and so the preservation of digital prints is in the interest, and is the responsibility, of collection managers and archaeologists alike.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS ON CALIBRATING TILT-SHIFT LENSES FOR CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nocerino ◽  
F. Menna ◽  
F. Remondino ◽  
J.-A. Beraldin ◽  
L. Cournoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Axis ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
Object Distance ◽  
Close Range

One of the strongest limiting factors in close range photogrammetry (CRP) is the depth of field (DOF), especially at very small object distance. When using standard digital cameras and lens, for a specific camera – lens combination, the only way to control the extent of the zone of sharp focus in object space is to reduce the aperture of the lens. However, this strategy is often not sufficient; moreover, in many cases it is not fully advisable. In fact, when the aperture is closed down, images lose sharpness because of diffraction. Furthermore, the exposure time must be lowered (susceptibility to vibrations) and the ISO increased (electronic noise may increase). In order to adapt the shape of the DOF to the subject of interest, the Scheimpflug rule is to be applied, requiring that the optical axis must be no longer perpendicular to the image plane. Nowadays, specific lenses exist that allow inclining the optical axis to modify the DOF: they are called tilt-shift lenses. In this paper, an investigation on the applicability of the classic photogrammetric model (pinhole camera coupled with Brown’s distortion model) to these lenses is presented. Tests were carried out in an environmentally controlled metrology laboratory at the National Research Council (NRC) Canada and the results are hereafter described in detail.

Sound-Making Objects

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-324
Author(s):  
Ellen Swift ◽  
Jo Stoner ◽  
April Pudsey
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alarm Sounds ◽  
Shed Light

The chapter investigates a specific functional category of objects of everyday life: sound-producing objects, with a focus on ordinary, simple items such as bells, clappers, and rattles, and their social function and contribution to everyday experience. After an initial overview of the types of artefacts studied and their dating, evidence from a close examination of the objects themselves is set alongside wider knowledge of their use and social context available from visual and textual sources, and historical and anthropological studies that shed light on the social function of sound-making objects. An innovative aspect of this chapter is the use of evidence from artefact replicas regarding likely notes played, and the volume of the sound produced. This directly inform understanding of the possible roles played by particular types of instruments within everyday social experience in Roman and late antique Egypt, for instance whether they were suited to public performance, more individual entertainment and play, or wider social functions such as the production of alarm sounds, and their audibility to different social groups with discrepant hearing capacity, such as young children, or elderly people. Drawing on experimental recording data including the recreation of the acoustic environment within a Romano-Egyptian house, the final section examines how the sounds produced by the objects may have contributed more widely to the creation of ambient environments and collective experiences.

Polarimetric Sensing Technique for Textile Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Vik ◽  
Nayab Khan ◽  
Martina Viková ◽  
František Founě
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Passive Imaging ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Optical Light Microscopy ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

The identification and measuring of geometrical dimensions of very small objects including textile is the biggest achievement of the image processing techniques. Not only the analysis of the basic structure of yarn like hairiness, thickness and number of twist but also the external structural analysis like twist parameters and linear density co-efficient is possible with outstanding approach of image analysis new techniques. Dyed polyester samples by using different dyestuffs were examined with the polarized light with the help of optical light microscopy. It was observed that the dyestuffs possess strong dichroism and the relationship between dichroism and the concentration of dyestuff was examined. Dark field and Bright field illuminations together with imaging polarimetry are compared in terms of depth of field tolerance and image quality. Experiments show that passive imaging polarimetry illumination is superior in terms of depth of field tolerance and contrast allowing significant improvement of textile structure investigation.

USE OF VERTICAL DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY AT THE BAYOU PEROT, LA SPILL FOR OIL MAPPING AND VOLUME ESTIMATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Locke ◽  
Mark White ◽  
Jacqueline Michel ◽  
Charlie Henry ◽  
Jon D. Sellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Geodetic Survey ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
National Geodetic Survey ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Processing Techniques

ABSTRACT The January 2007 release of over 8,000 barrels of a condensate crude oil from a damaged well in Bayou Perot, Louisiana resulted in intermittent oiling of remote mud flats and salt marshes over a 30 square mile area. NOAA'S National Geodetic Survey collected aerial vertical digital photography 17 days after the spill to assist in locating and quantifying areas of oiling. The effective pixel size was 34 centimeters, however, the data were processed to 40 centimeter resolution. Useful products were posted to the web within two days after acquisition. Standard supervised and unsupervised image processing techniques were used in conjunction with oblique photography and field knowledge to define the oiling signatures. Time constraints required that the classification be conducted on mosaiced, non-color balanced images (ideally each image would be classified independently to account for differences in illumination and/or processing). However, the strong visible signature of the oiled areas and ground-truth data from field surveys resulted in high confidence levels for several oil types which in turn were used to enhance the identification of the remaining classes. Five oil types were identified: Black (218,000 ft2), Red (81,000 ft2), Orange (154,000 ft2), Yellow (38,000 ft2), and Light Yellow (349,000 ft2) corresponding to the color and attributes of the oil. The total conservative estimate of oiled area was 840,000 ft2 or nearly 20 acres. Based on estimated thicknesses of the different oils, the total volume of oil present at the time of imagery acquisition was 3,330 barrels. This value was close to the actual amount of oil recovered over the time period between the date of imagery acquisition and the end of cleanup.

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