Polarimetric Sensing Technique for Textile Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Vik ◽  
Nayab Khan ◽  
Martina Viková ◽  
František Founě
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Passive Imaging ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Optical Light Microscopy ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

The identification and measuring of geometrical dimensions of very small objects including textile is the biggest achievement of the image processing techniques. Not only the analysis of the basic structure of yarn like hairiness, thickness and number of twist but also the external structural analysis like twist parameters and linear density co-efficient is possible with outstanding approach of image analysis new techniques. Dyed polyester samples by using different dyestuffs were examined with the polarized light with the help of optical light microscopy. It was observed that the dyestuffs possess strong dichroism and the relationship between dichroism and the concentration of dyestuff was examined. Dark field and Bright field illuminations together with imaging polarimetry are compared in terms of depth of field tolerance and image quality. Experiments show that passive imaging polarimetry illumination is superior in terms of depth of field tolerance and contrast allowing significant improvement of textile structure investigation.

Light Microscopy

1984 ◽  
pp. 267-333
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Dark Field Illumination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter discusses the tools and techniques of light microscopy and how they are used in the study of materials. It reviews the basic physics of light, the inner workings of light microscopes, and the relationship between resolution and depth of field. It explains the difference between amplitude and optical-phase features and how they are revealed using appropriate illumination methods. It compares images obtained using bright field and dark field illumination, polarized and cross-polarized light, and interference-contrast techniques. It also discusses the use of photometers, provides best practices and recommendations for photographing structures and features of interest, and describes the capabilities of hot-stage and hot-cell microscopes.

Statistical Analysis of the Relationship Between Antioxidant Activity and the Structure of Flavonoid Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 3103-3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Glevitzky ◽  
Gabriela Alina Dumitrel ◽  
Mirel Glevitzky ◽  
Bianca Pasca ◽  
Pavel Otrisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Van Der Waals Surface ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phenolic Oh Groups

Using different methods of statistics, this paper aims to highlight the potential link between the antioxidant activity of flavonoids and the corresponding molecular descriptors. By calculating the descriptors (van der Waals surface (A), molar volume (V), partition coefficient (LogP), refractivity (R), polarizability (a), forming heat (Hformation), hydration energy (Ehidr), the dipole moment (mt)), together with antioxidant activities (RSA) calculated or taken from the literature, number of phenolic -OH groups and the presence (2) or absence (1) of C2=C3 double bond) for 29 flavonoid compounds and by intercorrelation between the studied parameters, the link between the number of phenolic groups grafted to the basic structure of flavonoids and their antioxidant activity was confirmed. Simultaneously, by using the chi-squared test and the intercorrelations matrix, a satisfactorily correlation coefficient (r2=0.5678; r=0.7536) between the structure of the flavonoids and their activity was obtained, fact that confirms the correlation of the antioxidant activity with the number of -OH phenolic groups.

Anaphase Movements in the Living Cell

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. HUGHES ◽  
M. M. SWANN
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Length ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Contractile Mechanism ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Movements ◽  
Spindle Fibres

1. The anaphase movements of living embryonic cells of the chick in tissue culture have been studied in phase contrast illumination, and in polarized light. Ciné-photographic records of chromosome movements and spindle changes have thereby been obtained simultaneously. 2. Chromosome separation in the chick is made up of two components--a movement of chromosomes towards the spindle poles, and an elongation of the spindle as a whole. 3. The assumption is made that the force acting on a chromosome is directly proportional to the velocity with which the chromosome moves. If this assumption is accepted as an approximation, it is possible to interpret the relationship of chromosome velocity to chromosome separation and spindle-fibre length. This leads to the conclusion that anaphase movement is due, not to repulsion between chromosomes, but to a contractile mechanism operating from the spindle poles. 4. Polarized light studies indicate that the orientation of the spindle material is high at the poles, and weaker at the equator. There is a small aster at either end of the spindle. 5. The centrosomes are interpreted as centres of an orienting force, which build up the contractile mechanism of the spindle from isotropic protoplasm. It is suggested that asters may also be contractile, and cause elongation of the spindle. 6. The inadequacy of the old conception of spindle fibres is discussed in the light of more modern views on molecular behaviour.

An Experimental Study of Nonlinear Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminate under a Three-Point Bending Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Mouad Bellahkim ◽  
Youssef Benbouras ◽  
Aziz Maziri ◽  
El Hassan Mallil ◽  
Jamal Echaabi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Layer Orientation ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

In this work, an attempt has been made to study the experimental of behavior for carbon/epoxy woven laminates under a three-point bending test by varying the support span and the geometrical dimensions of the specimens. Two principles stacking sequences are studied ([45 / 0]2s & [90 / 0]6 ) to observe the effect of the layer orientation in the failure modes. This study has allowed us to confirm the relationship between the bending behavior of the specimens and the span-to-thickness ratio (l/h). Finally, a digital microscope was selected in order to characterize the succession of the failure and the failure modes, mainly the delamination damage.

The role of initial cells in maize anther morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Dawe ◽  
M. Freeling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Structural Template ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mature Anther

The near absence of cell movement in plants makes clonal analysis a particularly informative method for reconstructing the early events of organ formation. We traced the patterns of cell division during maize anther development by inducing sector boundaries that preceded the earliest events of anther initiation. In doing this, we were able to estimate the smallest number of cells that are fated to form an anther, characteristic cell division patterns that occur during anther morphogenesis, and the relationship between the pre-existing symmetry of the initial cells and the final symmetry of the mature anther. Four general conclusions are made: (1) anthers are initiated from small groups of 12 or fewer cells in each of two floral meristematic layers; (2) the early growth of the anther is more like a shoot than a glume or leaf; (3) cell ancestry does not dictate basic structure and (4) the orientation of initial cells predicts the orientation of the four pollen-containing microsporangia, which define the axes of symmetry on the mature anther. The final point is discussed with other data, and an explanation involving a ‘structural template’ is invoked. The idea is that the orientation of initial cells within the floral meristem establishes an architectural pattern into which anther cells are recruited without regard to their cellular lineages. The structural template hypothesis may prove to be generally applicable to problems of pattern formation in plants.

Optics, Optical Methods, and Microscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-407
Author(s):  
Kannan M. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Scanning Optical Microscopy

Propagation of light is described as the simple harmonic motion of transverse waves. Combining waves that propagate on orthogonal planes give rise to linear, elliptical, or spherical polarization, depending on their amplitudes and phase differences. Classical experiments of Huygens and Young demonstrated the principle of optical interference and diffraction. Generalization of Fraunhofer diffraction to scattering by a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in crystals forms the basis of diffraction methods. Fresnel diffraction finds application in the design of zone plates for X-ray microscopy. Optical microscopy, with resolution given by the Rayleigh criterion to be approximately half the wavelength, works best when tailored to the optimal characteristics of the human eye (λ = 550 nm). Lenses suffer from spherical and chromatic aberrations, and astigmatism. Optical microscopes operate in bright-field, oblique, and dark-field imaging conditions, produce interference contrast, and can image with polarized light. Variants include confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM). Metallography, widely used to characterize microstructures, requires polished or chemically etched surfaces to provide optimal contrast. Finally, the polarization state of light reflected from the surface of a specimen is utilized in ellipsometry to obtain details of the optical properties and thickness of thin film materials.

The Application of Geometric Form in Clothing Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 670-674
Author(s):  
Chin Mei Lin ◽  
Ching Hui Lin ◽  
Pei Chen Hsiao ◽  
Yi Chang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Geometric Form ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Clothing Design ◽  
Digital Animation ◽  
Fashion Designers ◽  
The Relationship

The design of geometric form is widely used in daily life, such as Product Design, Communication Design and Digital Animation. In fact, it is an indispensable element of artistic creation. However, there is still a large possibility to explore for clothing design. This study discusses the relationship between the features of geometric form and clothing patterns. Through the works of fashion designers analyse the techniques used and the possibility of development. In order to break the traditional concepts of pattern making and to dismantle the patterns, the geometric form was used as the basic structure to create a three-dimensional silhouette. As a result, the clothing would produce visual effects with the movement of body. The overall design process and creative outcomes contribute researchers different design thinking for further study and development.

Curie Temperature, Microstructure and Magnetic Properties Analysis of Fe-6.5wtSi Alloy Spray Formed as Function of Process Parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
J.C.R. Muniz ◽  
M.C.A. Silva ◽  
Claudemiro Bolfarini ◽  
M.D.C. Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Magnetic Transition ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Magnetic Transition Temperature ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Fly Height ◽  
Maximum Permeability

Fe-6.5%Si alloy spray formed has the Curie temperature variation measured as a function of the parameters process. In this work the magnetic transition temperature was obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimeter although it can be also gotten by Vibration Samples Magnetometer. The process parameters controlled were gas pressure (P), tube diameter (T) and fly height (H) and the properties analyzed were coercive force, maximum permeability, power loss and Curie temperature. The chemical composition was determined using the Curie temperature. The microstructure of deposits was observed in different conditions of light microscopy, bright field, polarized light and dark field, and the grain size was measured according to ASTM 112-95. The process parameters combination P5T6H360 has produced the minimum power loss of 2.26 W/kg and maximum permeability of 9,000. The Curie temperature measured was 683°C, which indicates a Si content of 6.5wt%.

Study on Passive Sprinkler Dust Car Underground

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 404-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhong Zhang ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Lei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Dust Removal ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Relationship

This paper introduces a kind of dust removal device-passive sprinkler dust car which is often used to improve the environment and to prevent dust underground. The function, working principle and basic structure of passive sprinkler dust car underground as well as how its main parts work are mainly described in this article. Moreover, the relationship between the spray parameters and the efficiency of reducing dust is studied by adopting the combination of experiment and theoretical analysis methods in order to obtain higher efficiency of reducing dust in this paper.

Ruling: Guardians and Philosopher-Kings

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
The Relationship

According to some accounts, Plato views ruling as a philosophical activity; according to others, he understands it to be a craft. Given the apparent discrepancy between philosophical and technical endeavor, it seems that the two interpretations cannot both be correct. The issue is explored in light of the relationship between guardians and philosopher-kings as it manifests itself in the basic structure of the Republic and also with respect to questions of education, character, and deceit.

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