scholarly journals The self-fulfilling prophecy of adolescent social expectations

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Loeb ◽  
Elenda T. Hessel ◽  
Joseph Allen
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Expectations

Adolescents’ negative social expectations of their peers were examined as long-term predictors of problematic self-reported social functioning. Early adolescent negative expectations were hypothesized to predict risk-averse functioning in late adolescence that would ultimately contribute to confirmation of those expectations. Utilizing observational data and friend- and self-reports from a community sample of 184 adolescents followed from ages 13 to 25, adolescents with more negative expectations were found to have become increasingly submissive with friends over time and were rated as less romantically appealing by late adolescence (after controlling for baseline levels of these variables, baseline friend-rated social competence and self-reported depressive symptoms). In turn, submissiveness and romantic appeal predicted problematic self-reported social functioning well into adulthood and mediated the relationship between adolescent negative expectations and problematic self-reported adult social functioning. These findings support the possibility of a self-fulfilling social process unfolding from early adolescence to adulthood.

scholarly journals Getting What You Expect: Negative Social Expectations in Early Adolescence Predict Hostile Romantic Partnerships and Friendships Into Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Loeb ◽  
Joseph S. Tan ◽  
Elenda T. Hessel ◽  
Joseph P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Negative Expectations ◽  
Selection Of

Adolescents’ negative expectations of their peers were examined as predictors of their future selection of hostile partners, in a community sample of 184 adolescents followed from ages 13 to 24. Utilizing observational data, close friend- and self-reports, adolescents with more negative expectations at age 13 were found to be more likely to form relationships with observably hostile romantic partners and friends with hostile attitudes by age 18 even after accounting for baseline levels of friend hostile attitudes at age 13 and adolescents’ own hostile behavior and attitudes. Furthermore, the presence of friends with hostile attitudes at age 18 in turn predicted higher levels of adult friend hostile attitudes at age 24. Results suggest the presence of a considerable degree of continuity from negative expectations to hostile partnerships from adolescence well into adulthood.

1067 GENDER DIFFERENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONG TERM PASSIVE SMOKING EXPOSURE AND HDL-CHOLESTEROL IN LATE ADOLESCENCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. e310
Author(s):  
Chi Le-Ha ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
Sally Burrows ◽  
Rae-Chi Huang ◽  
Wendy H. Oddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

New findings on tardive dyskinesia in a community sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O'Hara ◽  
Traolach S. Brugha ◽  
Alain Lesage ◽  
John Wing
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisIn a geographically defined area sample of 141 long-term psychiatric patients in day care in south London, the relationship between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and other aspects of illness, treatment, and social and psychological functioning were studied. The results are compared with previous findings. TD was significantly associated with parkinsonian symptoms and with the number of years in contact with the psychiatric services. There was a trend, in affective disorder only, towards an association with current neuroleptic dose. The patients with affective disorder also had higher rates of TD than patients with schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis. History of treatment with ECT correlated negatively with TD among those with schizophrenia, and positively among those with affective disorder. As in other studies, duration of neuroleptic treatment did not correlate with the presence or absence of TD. In contrast to some previous reports, age and cognitive status were not related to TD status. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Functioning and Resilience in Young People with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Heesterman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Resilience is the dynamic process of achieving positive outcomes in the presence of risk or difficulties. For young people, greater social functioning tends to increase resilience as individuals benefit from the support of family, peers and any teachers or adults around them. Additionally, these relationships provide young people an opportunity to practice skills which might also contribute to better outcomes (e.g., learning how to collaborate effectively). The current study investigated how the association between resilience and each of peer relationships, collaboration, perspective taking, empathic concern and prosocial behaviour was different across four groups of adolescent participants with high and low callous-unemotional (CU) traits and/or conduct problems (CP). Individuals varying on CU and CP tend to have reduced social functioning, reduced resilience and be at risk for worse long-term outcomes. A multiple regression analysis showed that as these social functioning variables increased, so did resilience for all groups other than those high on CP alone. Significant predictors within the model varied depending on whether individuals were high on both, one or neither of CU and CP. Collaboration, prosocial behaviour and peer relationships were all significant predictors of resilience for individuals low on both difficulties, whereas collaboration was the only significant predictor those only high on callous-unemotional traits. Prosocial behaviour was the only significant predictor for those high on both difficulties. These results suggest the importance of considering how these difficulties interact as greater resilience might be fostered in different ways depending on the unique pattern individuals exhibit of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems.  </p>

Diabetics' Self-Report of Medical Utilization: A Test of Validity

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1160-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Daniel Turkat
Keyword(s):  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Diabetes Center ◽  
The Relationship

This report details a test of the validity of long-term estimates of medical utilization rate among a chronically ill population. The relationship between diabetics' reported frequencies of ambulatory visits to the Diabetes Center over an 18-mo. period and clinic recorded data were evaluated. A high, positive, and significant correlation was observed, providing support for the validity of self-reports. An unexpected finding was that 60% of the subjects over-estimated frequency of clinic visits. The need for empirical assessment of this commonly used measure is discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Functioning and Resilience in Young People with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Heesterman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Resilience is the dynamic process of achieving positive outcomes in the presence of risk or difficulties. For young people, greater social functioning tends to increase resilience as individuals benefit from the support of family, peers and any teachers or adults around them. Additionally, these relationships provide young people an opportunity to practice skills which might also contribute to better outcomes (e.g., learning how to collaborate effectively). The current study investigated how the association between resilience and each of peer relationships, collaboration, perspective taking, empathic concern and prosocial behaviour was different across four groups of adolescent participants with high and low callous-unemotional (CU) traits and/or conduct problems (CP). Individuals varying on CU and CP tend to have reduced social functioning, reduced resilience and be at risk for worse long-term outcomes. A multiple regression analysis showed that as these social functioning variables increased, so did resilience for all groups other than those high on CP alone. Significant predictors within the model varied depending on whether individuals were high on both, one or neither of CU and CP. Collaboration, prosocial behaviour and peer relationships were all significant predictors of resilience for individuals low on both difficulties, whereas collaboration was the only significant predictor those only high on callous-unemotional traits. Prosocial behaviour was the only significant predictor for those high on both difficulties. These results suggest the importance of considering how these difficulties interact as greater resilience might be fostered in different ways depending on the unique pattern individuals exhibit of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems.  </p>

The Two Components of Social Desirability and their Relations to Resting Frontal Brain Asymmetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia A. Pauls ◽  
Jan Wacker ◽  
Nicolas W. Crost
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Α Band

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between resting frontal hemispheric asymmetry (FHA) in the low α band (8-10.25 Hz) and the two components of socially desirable responding, i.e., self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), in an opposite-sex encounter. In addition, Big Five facets, self-reports of emotion, and spontaneous eye blink rate (BR), a noninvasive indicator of functional dopamine activity, were assessed. SDE as well as IM were related to relatively greater right-than-left activity in the low α band (i.e., relative left frontal activation; LFA) and to self-reported positive affect (PA), but only SDE was related to BR. We hypothesized that two independent types of motivational approach tendencies underlie individual differences in FHA and PA: affiliative motivation represented by IM and agentic incentive motivation represented by SDE. Whereas the relationship between SDE and PA was mediated by BR, the relationship between SDE and FHA was not.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

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