Recent Progress in the Study of the Effects of Television Viewing on Social Development

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Collins ◽  
N. Korac
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Inference Techniques

Television viewing is a popular activity for children throughout the Western nations and in many developing countries. Although little is known about the functions of viewing, considerable evidence indicates that televised models of social behavior influences viewers' post-viewing actions. Recent advances in research on behavioral effects include field experiments and panel studies that permit use of nonexperimental causal-inference techniques. In addition, the scope of recent research has expanded to include other types of effects (e.g., children's concepts of social reality) and cognitive processing of televised information. Directions for the future include the need to (1) examine further developmental aspects of response to typical television programming and (2) study the interaction of television content with children's common contexts and experiences.

Managerial Challenges of Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1907-1928
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Soltani ◽  
Ying Ying Liao ◽  
Abdullah Iqbal ◽  
Farhad Analoui
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Managerial Leadership ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
Yielding Support ◽  
Corporate Social

The aim of this chapter is to contribute to the further advancement of theoretical and empirical debate on CSR management by yielding support to the multidisciplinary and ‘context-dependent' nature of the field of managerial leadership of CSR and illustrating the various managerial orientations and attitudes of Iran's auto industry. Whilst there was very considerable evidence of the increased emphasis upon Sharia compliance mandate to regulate individual managers' personal values and orientation, there was much less evidence that this had as yet been carried through into similar behavioural and attitudinal changes at organisational and societal levels. Hence, the dominant managerial orientations toward CSR neither brought corporate behaviour up to a level where it was congruent with the prevailing Islamic cultural and societal norms nor it fulfilled the developmental promise of CSR. In a nutshell, the overall trend was incontrovertibly toward more personal/managerial use of CSR and failure to maintain a balance between (normative) developmental and instrumental CSR.

“Tune in to the Affirmative”: The Family Channel and the Politics of Positive Programming

2020 ◽  
pp. 152747642090797
Author(s):  
Kayti Lausch
Keyword(s):  
Television Viewing ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Cable Channel ◽  
New Family ◽  
Television Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Conservatism ◽  
Social Conservatives

The Family Channel, which evolved out of Pat Robertson’s Christian Broadcasting Network, created a new brand of family television and redefined the “family audience” in the 1990s. The channel capitalized on the vacuum produced by the major networks’ pursuit of advertiser-friendly demographics, and created a safe space for traditional family television viewing. By promoting “positivity” as its brand and relying on the nostalgic appeal of older television properties, the Family Channel became the first cable channel to build a “values-based” brand and audience. The Family Channel normalized an ideologically conservative model of commercial family television in an expanding cable landscape, and capitalized on social conservatives’ discontent with mainstream television content. This article analyzes the branding, programming, and public-facing statements of the channel’s executives to reveal how the Family Channel implicitly and explicitly connected this new “family audience” with the ideology and politics of social conservatism.

The intention to quit smoking

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabbir Rahman ◽  
Mahafuz Mannan ◽  
Mohammad Mahboob Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Young Smokers

Purpose From the perspective of developing countries, studies regarding the behavioral effects of quitting tobacco consumption on emerging psychological determinants are limited. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of emotional intelligence (EI), social norms, susceptibility and self-efficacy on the behavioral effects of quitting tobacco consumption among young smokers in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach By reviewing existing literature, this study developed a conceptual model to test the influences of significant psychological determinants in regards to a young smoker’s intention to quit smoking. Accordingly, a survey instrument was designed to collect data from young smokers in Bangladesh using the convenience sampling method. A total of 500 self-administered questionnaires were distributed, out of which only 400 questionnaires were used in final data analysis. This study applied partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed model. Findings Perceived EI, perceived social norms and perceived susceptibility were found to have significant direct positive effects on intention to quit smoking. Perceived susceptibility and perceived self-efficacy were observed to have moderating effects on intention to quit smoking through perceived EI and perceived social norms respectively. However, perceived self-efficacy was not found to have any significant direct effect on intention to quit smoking. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind which combined EI, susceptibility, self-efficacy, and social norms in one theoretical framework to explain a young smoker’s intention to quit smoking. Also, in the context of Bangladesh and similar developing countries, there are no such studies which used the psychological components investigated in this study to predict a young smoker’s intention to quit smoking. Thus, the findings bring us closer to the goal of a tobacco-free society by allowing policy makers, NGOs, broader communities, and ultimately individual citizens to understand the psychological predictors of quitting tobacco consumption among young smokers in developing countries.

scholarly journals Determining the radiation use efficiency of potato using sunshine hour data: a simple and costless approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e0801
Author(s):  
Suman Samanta ◽  
Saon Banerjee ◽  
Asis Mukherjee ◽  
Pulak K. Patra ◽  
Pramiti K. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Light Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Aim of study: Radiation parameters and photoperiod influence potato biomass and tuber yield significantly. Lack of instrument facilities in developing countries is the main hindrance to estimate global solar radiation (GSR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Considering these facts, an experiment was conducted to estimate light extinction coefficient (K) and RUE using a simple but indirect approach that can be implied in any location lacking sophisticated instruments.Area of study: Field experiments were conducted in Kalyani, West Bengal, representing the Indo-Gangetic Plains.Material and methods: Angstrom-Prescott (A-P) equation was used to calculate GSR. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three dates of planting (DOP), 15th Nov, 29th Nov and 13th Dec, as main plot treatment and three potato cultivars (ˈKufri Suryaˈ, ˈKufri Chandramukhiˈ and ˈKufri Jyotiˈ) as sub-plot treatment. Leaf area indices and K values were used to determine intercepted PAR (IPAR) as well as RUE.Main results: The cumulative IPAR from emergence to harvest ranged 246-429 MJ m-2 depending on planting time and varieties. Irrespective of DOPs, the highest mean RUE (4.19 g MJ-1) was calculated in ˈKufri Chandramukhiˈ, showing that it used the radiation more efficiently that the other two cultivars (ˈKufri Suryaˈ= 3.75 g MJ-1 and ˈKufri Jyotiˈ= 3.14 g MJ-1).Research highlights: Statistical indices confirmed that the A-P model can be reliably used in the study region for estimation of GSR. This simple way to estimating RUE using bright sunshine hours data can be used in developing countries, where costly radiation instruments are not available.

scholarly journals Calibration of HDM4 for Use in Pavement Management Systems (PMS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
N.K. Mushule
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Road Management ◽  
Pavement Management Systems

One of major problems of road management in developing countries is the lack of decision making toolsfor preparing road maintenance programmes. This results in poor resource allocation and poor utilisationof existing assets. Pavement management systems (PMS) have been developed around the world in order to assist with the pavement management process in a co-ordinated and systematic manner. Some developed countries have derived pavement performance models that are suited to local conditions by setting up long term pavement performance studies. Conversely, most developing countries do not have the resources required to set up similar large-scale field experiments. However, validation and calibration of models developed from comprehensive studies elsewhere offers a viable lternative for such countries. This paper evaluates the feasibility of using HDM-4 as a support software and determines level 1 calibration factors for PMS in Tanzania. The paper demonstrates the use of a calibrated HDM-4 to determine the required road management information in developing countries.

Television Uses and Effects in Emerging Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Monique Ward ◽  
Rita Seabrook ◽  
Soraya Giaccardi ◽  
Angie Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Television Content ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Watching Tv

Even though media platforms have multiplied in recent years, television viewing remains a prominent feature of the daily lives of emerging adults. The genres preferred and motivations for viewing are diverse, and many emerging adults report watching TV for relaxation, entertainment, and voyeurism. Despite their reasons for doing so, regular viewing of mainstream television content has many implications for emerging adults’ development. In this chapter, the authors review more than 150 studies that have examined television uses and effects among emerging adults. Overall, data gathered across both survey and experimental paradigms indicate significant effects in multiple domains, linking television exposure to higher levels of aggression, body dissatisfaction, alcohol consumption, sexualization of women, and the endorsement of racial, sexual, and gender stereotypes. The authors also review some positive effects on health beliefs and behaviors and discuss characteristics of the viewer and content that moderate these associations.

Transformation of televisionviewing practices in Greece: Generation Z and audiovisual content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Podara ◽  
Maria Matsiola ◽  
Constantinos Nicolaou ◽  
Theodora A. Maniou ◽  
George Kalliris
Keyword(s):  
Television Viewing ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Television Content ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Visual Consumption ◽  
The Times ◽  
Digital Landscape

In recent years, digitalization has detached television content from the television screen, and so the television is no longer the only choice for personal audiovisual consumption. The audio-visual market is facing increased fragmentation due to the multiplicity of delivering platforms. Furthermore, the digital touch has brought about far-reaching changes in people’s audio-visual consumption practices. The protagonists of this new digital landscape are the members of Generation Z (GenZ), who are early adopters of the digital innovation. In this article, contemporary consumption behaviours of audio-visual content, contrasting those at the times of traditional television viewing, are explored in the context of the GenZ community. In Greece, GenZ represent nearly 20 per cent of the entire population and makes an interesting target to be scrutinized under the prism of ongoing studies of media usage.

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