Female Underachievement and Overachievement: Parental Contributions and Long-term Consequences

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid B. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Optimal Adaptation

The present study, part of the Swedish longitudinal project, Individual Development and Adjustment (IDA; female N = 557), concerned two groups of girls designated "Underachievers" and "Overachievers". At age 16 the Underachievers exhibited higher intelligence but lower achievement, self-perceived ability, and school adaptation than did the Overachievers. To a significant extent, the Underachievers came from homes in which, three years earlier when the girls were 13, the parents had reported a low evaluation of their daughters' capacity for academic work; moreover, the parents had no aspiration for their daughters to continue their educations past compulsory school. In contrast, at age 16 the Overachievers did not come from families reporting the non-academically oriented parental evaluations and aspirations that characterised the parents of the Underachievers. In adolescence, the Underachievers' relations with their parents were more conflicted than were the relationships of the Overachievers. In adulthood, the young women who had been Underachievers exhibited significantly lower levels of education and occupation than did the Overachievers. Also, compared to the other women in the IDA sample, significantly more of the Underachievers had borne children by age 26, whereas significantly fewer of the Overachievers had given birth. It was concluded that the values parents espoused concerning educational attainment played a role in inhibiting or promoting their daughters' optimal adaptation-both in and beyond the academic environment.

Introduction

Early Farmers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Bickle ◽  
Alasdair Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Human History ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Archaeological Science ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Recent Project

The Neolithic period worldwide can readily be identified as one of the great transformations in human history—in Europe, there were no farmers at c.7000 cal BC, but very few hunter-gatherers after c.4000 cal BC—with long-term consequences still felt today. However, it remains difficult to capture both the detail of everyday lives during the Neolithic, and the flow of long-term transformations. This introduction asks how we are to combine all our expanding data, and at what scales we should interpret them. The challenges facing integrated and multi-scalar approaches are illustrated by a recent project on Linearbandkeramik (LBK) lifeways in central Europe, which united isotopic, osteological and archaeological analyses in an investigation of cultural diversity. The other chapters that follow are introduced. The chapter ends by looking to how we better integrate archaeological science, through a shared focus on debating what questions we should ask.

Political Famines in the USSR and China: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Graziosi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Communist Countries

This article offers a comparative study of the domestic and international dimensions of two calamitous famines in Communist countries: one in the USSR engendered by Iosif Stalin's Great Turning Point (1928–1934) and the other in the People's Republic of China in connection with Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward (1958–1962). The article traces the historical roots of these catastrophes and explains how Sino-Soviet interactions affected the genesis of the famine in China. It also discusses the long-term consequences of these avoidable tragedies, comparing their impact on subsequent Soviet and Chinese history. A close look at the evident affinity between the famines opens new and at times unexpected vistas, which allow us not only to get a better grasp of each event in its own specificity but also to shed new light on fundamental questions.

The Self-Control Cognition Questionnaire

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Maas ◽  
Ger P. J. Keijsers ◽  
Claudia M. Cangliosi ◽  
William van der Veld ◽  
Jorg Tanis-Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Hair Pulling Disorder ◽  
Habit Disorders

Abstract. Self-control cognitions arise right before or after someone gives in to an unwanted habit. This paper reports on the development of the 11-item Self-Control Cognition Questionnaire (SCCQ) in a series of three studies. In the first study (N = 308), we found that the SCCQ has a two-factor structure and is reliable. The factors were named “Giving way is rewarding” and “Resistance is impossible.” The construct validity of the SCCQ was assessed in the second study (N = 138). As expected, the SCCQ correlated positively and strongly with the preoccupation with unwanted habits and with the experience of craving, and correlations with one’s tendency to consider the long-term consequences of actions were small. The third study demonstrated that the SCCQ discriminates between patients with habit disorders (N = 63) and controls with non-pathological unwanted habits (N = 106). The SCCQ was sensitive to therapeutic change in two patient samples, one suffering from hair pulling disorder and the other from pathological skin picking. The SCCQ is applicable to unwanted habits in general, both pathological and non-pathological. It is proven to have sound psychometric properties and is suitable for use in practice.

Subsequent Practice and Evolutive Interpretation: Techniques of Treaty Interpretation over Time and Their Diverse Consequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Arato
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Treaty Provision ◽  
Practical Matter ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Treaty Interpretation ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper compares two different means of treaty interpretation by which a treaty or treaty provision may change over time: the interpretation and reinterpretation of a treaty on the basis of its evolutive character, and the (re)interpretation of a treaty on the basis of the subsequent practice of the parties. I contend that evolutive interpretation and interpretation based on subsequent practice do not simply refer to two different and distinct phenomena ‐ as a practical matter they constitute two different “techniques of interpretation” which may or may not both be applicable in a particular case, and may sometimes both be applicable but mutually exclusive. The basic problem of the paper revolves around the following question: where the evidence is uncertain, or ambivalent, which technique ‐ if any ‐ should be applied? My goal is to show that although both techniques may be applicable to a treaty in a given case, the application of one or the other doctrine will have different consequences in the short and long term. In so doing, I will first expound the immediate effects of the techniques by examining them individually with an eye to their evidentiary criteria and their relative expansive potentialities. I shall then illustrate and compare their respective long term consequences, which I categorize as “vertical” (with respect to successive interpretations of the particular treaty in question) and “horizontal” (referring to effects on the interpretation of other treaties). Ultimately, I want to argue that neither means of interpretation is more appropriate across the board, and therefore the choice between the two techniques should be informed by the consideration of their consequences in light of the object and purpose of the particular treaty to be interpreted.

scholarly journals Emotional Abuse: Agony for Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Falak Nesheen ◽  
Dr. Shah Alam
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Emotionally Abused

Adolescence is a period of transition during which an individual experiences not only profound physical, physiological, cognitive and emotional changes but also experience many emotional abuse. The transition from childhood to adolescence may be challenging time for majority of young people. Emotional Abuse as recently stated in a maltreatment prevention guide proves to be detrimental for child‟s physical, social, mental and spiritual development. Emotional abuse has been variously characterized as “the use of verbal and non-verbal acts which symbolically hurt the other or the use of threats to hurt the other”. The basic aim of this paper is to explore the kinds of emotional abuse and then suggest various strategies to overcome such aspects of life. The paper reports a series of factors responsible for the torment among the emotionally abused adolescents or the excruciation they go through. This paper also highlights the role played by parents, teachers and peers in emotional abuse such as shame and humiliation, rejection and ignoring, terrorizing, isolating and corrupting etc. Studies during the last decades have consistently documented impaired cognitive abilities and poor academic achievement along with aggression, irritability, hyper vigilance, suicidal tendencies, paranoia and substance uses behavior among emotionally abused adolescents. If Emotional abuse remains a routine task in the life of an adolescent, it may have long term consequences at every walk of his/her life.

DESIGNING OF HUMAN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN BIOMEDICINE: PANIC EXPECTATIONS, EUPHORIA AND CAUTIOUS FORECASTS

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 244-254
Author(s):  
Svetlana Khmelevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts to conduct a balanced analysis of the impact of modern biomedical technologies on human corporeality from the perspective of its formation processes. On the one hand, there is a panic mood about the loss of the human proper in man due to the rapid development of biomedical technolo-gies and the construction of human corporeality using them, and as a result, the adoption of measures to prevent radical modification of such corporeality. On the other hand, there are also excessive expecta-tions for modern biomedical technologies that are ultimately, as supposed, to be able to make humans immortal. The task of the author of the article is to show that the scientists involved in biomedical are rather cautious about radical changes in human body, seeing the real risks from such intervention and the lack of clarity about the long-term consequences. At the same time, any interference with a person 's body must be based on respect for and observance of human rights and human dignity.

scholarly journals Public Health in the Framework of the International Security. A Constructive Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Sergiu Viorel Borsa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Security ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Constructive Approach ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Long Term Consequences

AbstractThe article highlights the fact that public health is an element of the security dimension that must be included on the priority agenda of specialists in the fields of international relations and security studies. There are arguments in favor of this theory. The costs of materializing threats to human security in general and public health in particular are particularly high, with serious long-term consequences. Global trends and prospects for the implications that can be generated are likely to change the world’s security landscape, and increasing global connectivity increases the degree of uncertainty about public health implications. Non-traditional issues arising from technological change can induce risks, whose management may go beyond institutional capacities. On the other hand, the new types of wars, increasingly interconnected with various forms of risk materialization, make this mission more difficult. The final conclusion is that these risks need to be assessed to ensure national, regional or even global security, and international cooperation for prevention and counseling.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Acceptance and Rejection by Parents and Peers on Educational Attainment: A Study from Pre-Adolescence to Early Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie J. Lorijn ◽  
Maaike C. Engels ◽  
Mark Huisman ◽  
René Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractAcceptance and rejection by parents and peers play an important role in pre-adolescents’ educational outcomes. Prior research focused on either parents or peers, did not encompass effects into adulthood, or considered either acceptance or rejection. This study investigated the relation between parental and peer acceptance and rejection, and their interplay, in pre-adolescence and educational attainment in early adulthood. A sample of 2229 pre-adolescents (Mage T1 = 11.11, SD = 0.56; 50.7% girls) was followed to early adulthood (Mage T5 = 22.29, SD = 0.65). Ordinal logistic regression showed that pre-adolescents’ perceived parental acceptance was positively related to educational attainment in early adulthood, whereas peer rejection was negatively related, even when WISC score and socioeconomic status were considered. No interaction effects were found, revealing no “dual-hit effect” of being rejected by parents and peers, no “dual-miss effect” of being accepted by parents and peers, and no effects of acceptance in one context (i.e., parents or peers) buffering the negative effect of rejection in the other context. The findings underscore unique and long-term links of parental acceptance and peer rejection with early adults’ educational attainment, underlining the importance of not only peers but also parents in adolescence. These insights can be used in promoting long-term educational outcomes through relationships with parents and peers.

Gardasil Effective Long Term in Young Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Young Women
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