Introduction

Early Farmers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Bickle ◽  
Alasdair Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Human History ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Archaeological Science ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Recent Project

The Neolithic period worldwide can readily be identified as one of the great transformations in human history—in Europe, there were no farmers at c.7000 cal BC, but very few hunter-gatherers after c.4000 cal BC—with long-term consequences still felt today. However, it remains difficult to capture both the detail of everyday lives during the Neolithic, and the flow of long-term transformations. This introduction asks how we are to combine all our expanding data, and at what scales we should interpret them. The challenges facing integrated and multi-scalar approaches are illustrated by a recent project on Linearbandkeramik (LBK) lifeways in central Europe, which united isotopic, osteological and archaeological analyses in an investigation of cultural diversity. The other chapters that follow are introduced. The chapter ends by looking to how we better integrate archaeological science, through a shared focus on debating what questions we should ask.

Food and cultural omnivorism: a reflexive discussion on otherness, interculturality and cosmopolitanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana A. Pellerano ◽  
Viviane Riegel
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
International Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The City ◽  
International Research Project

AbstractThis paper is part of the research project “Cosmopolitismos juvenis no Brasil” (Youth Cosmopolitanisms in Brazil), partner of the international research project “Cultures Juveniles à l’ ère de la globalization”. Our aim for this paper is to understand the connection between food and cosmopolitan experiences, discussing two main perspectives of omnivorism studies - (1) that cultural omnivorism cause long-term indifference for cultural diversity; and (2) that this omnivorism indicates only intercultural curiosity translated into specific distinctive capital in fields of power - and the possibility of these visions of cultural omnivorism turn into a reflexive view of the Other. We applied empirical and bibliographic research, including qualitative research with Brazilians aged between 18 and 24 years who are living in the city of São Paulo, and theoretical reflections related to the fields of food and cultural studies, covering omnivorism, otherness and cosmopolitanism. In the case of the first perspective, there is no possibility of connection to otherness, hence, to cosmopolitanism. The analysis of the second perspective shows that it is possible to find threats of distinction connected to cultural and food omnivorism. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop further studies to understand the reflexive dimension of cosmopolitanism within cultural and food consumption.

Female Underachievement and Overachievement: Parental Contributions and Long-term Consequences

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid B. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Optimal Adaptation

The present study, part of the Swedish longitudinal project, Individual Development and Adjustment (IDA; female N = 557), concerned two groups of girls designated "Underachievers" and "Overachievers". At age 16 the Underachievers exhibited higher intelligence but lower achievement, self-perceived ability, and school adaptation than did the Overachievers. To a significant extent, the Underachievers came from homes in which, three years earlier when the girls were 13, the parents had reported a low evaluation of their daughters' capacity for academic work; moreover, the parents had no aspiration for their daughters to continue their educations past compulsory school. In contrast, at age 16 the Overachievers did not come from families reporting the non-academically oriented parental evaluations and aspirations that characterised the parents of the Underachievers. In adolescence, the Underachievers' relations with their parents were more conflicted than were the relationships of the Overachievers. In adulthood, the young women who had been Underachievers exhibited significantly lower levels of education and occupation than did the Overachievers. Also, compared to the other women in the IDA sample, significantly more of the Underachievers had borne children by age 26, whereas significantly fewer of the Overachievers had given birth. It was concluded that the values parents espoused concerning educational attainment played a role in inhibiting or promoting their daughters' optimal adaptation-both in and beyond the academic environment.

scholarly journals Human history and palaeoenvironmental change at Site 17, Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island, northeast Queensland, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Lentfer ◽  
Matthew W. Felgate ◽  
Robynne A. Mills ◽  
Jim Specht
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Human History ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Change ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
Reef Islands ◽  
The Relationship

Late Holocene patterns of change in occupation and use of islands along the eastern coast of Queensland have long been debated in terms of various drivers, though much of this discussion relates to regions south of Cairns, with comparatively little study of the far northern Great Barrier Reef islands. The numerous middens, stone arrangements and art sites on Lizard Island suggest long-term use by Indigenous people, but recent discoveries of pottery give tantalising glimpses of a prehistoric past that may have included a prehistoric economy involving pottery. Here we review previous archaeological surveys and studies on Lizard Island and report on new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from the Site 17 midden at Freshwater Beach, with an oldest date of 3815–3571 cal BP. We identify two major changes in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records, one associated with more recent European influences and the other at c.2000 cal BP. Pottery from the intertidal zone is as yet undated. When dates become available the relationship between the Site 17 results reported here and the use of pottery on the island may be clarified.

scholarly journals Bioinvasion, globalization, and the contingency of cultural and biological diversity: Some ecosemiotic observations

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-262
Author(s):  
Claus Emmeche
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Human History ◽  
Random Generation ◽  
Invading Species ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

The increasing problem of bioinvasion is investigated as an example of an ecosemiotic problematic. One concern is the scarcity of scientific knowledge about long term ecological and evolutionary consequences of invading species. It is argued that a natural science conception of the ecology of bioinvasion should be supplemented with an ecosemiotic understanding of the significance of these problems in relation to human culture, the question of cultural diversity, and what it means to be indigenous or foreign. Bioinvasion, extinction of native species, and overall decrease in biodiversity, may go along with decreased cultural diversity; as when the loss of local agricultural traditions lead to genetic erosion. There are possible ecosemiotic parallels between language extinction and species extinction, both being related to globalisation. It is argued that the case of bioinvasion reveals the existence of two kinds of ecosemiotic contingency, (1) evolutionary openended and partly random generation of new species and extinction of old ones; (2) the historicity of culture in general and "culture's nature" specifically in the demarcation of a set of landscapes characteristic to a particular nation and piece of human history.

Neuroethics vs Neurophysiologically and Neuropsychologically Uninformed Influences in Child-Rearing, Education, Emerging Hunter-Gatherers, and Artificial Intelligence Models of the Brain

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Pontius
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Intelligence Models ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Brain

Potentially negative long-term consequences in four areas are emphasized, if specific neuromaturational, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological facts within a neurodevelopmental and ecological context are neglected in normal functional levels of child development and maturational lag of the frontal lobe system in “Attention Deficit Disorder,” in education (reading/writing and arithmetic), in assessment of cognitive functioning in hunter-gatherer populations, specifically modified in the service of their survival, and in constructing computer models of the brain, neglecting consciousness and intentionality as criticized recently by Searle.

Political Famines in the USSR and China: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Graziosi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Communist Countries

This article offers a comparative study of the domestic and international dimensions of two calamitous famines in Communist countries: one in the USSR engendered by Iosif Stalin's Great Turning Point (1928–1934) and the other in the People's Republic of China in connection with Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward (1958–1962). The article traces the historical roots of these catastrophes and explains how Sino-Soviet interactions affected the genesis of the famine in China. It also discusses the long-term consequences of these avoidable tragedies, comparing their impact on subsequent Soviet and Chinese history. A close look at the evident affinity between the famines opens new and at times unexpected vistas, which allow us not only to get a better grasp of each event in its own specificity but also to shed new light on fundamental questions.

The Self-Control Cognition Questionnaire

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Maas ◽  
Ger P. J. Keijsers ◽  
Claudia M. Cangliosi ◽  
William van der Veld ◽  
Jorg Tanis-Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Hair Pulling Disorder ◽  
Habit Disorders

Abstract. Self-control cognitions arise right before or after someone gives in to an unwanted habit. This paper reports on the development of the 11-item Self-Control Cognition Questionnaire (SCCQ) in a series of three studies. In the first study (N = 308), we found that the SCCQ has a two-factor structure and is reliable. The factors were named “Giving way is rewarding” and “Resistance is impossible.” The construct validity of the SCCQ was assessed in the second study (N = 138). As expected, the SCCQ correlated positively and strongly with the preoccupation with unwanted habits and with the experience of craving, and correlations with one’s tendency to consider the long-term consequences of actions were small. The third study demonstrated that the SCCQ discriminates between patients with habit disorders (N = 63) and controls with non-pathological unwanted habits (N = 106). The SCCQ was sensitive to therapeutic change in two patient samples, one suffering from hair pulling disorder and the other from pathological skin picking. The SCCQ is applicable to unwanted habits in general, both pathological and non-pathological. It is proven to have sound psychometric properties and is suitable for use in practice.

scholarly journals The neurological sequelae of pandemics and epidemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Valerio ◽  
Daniel P. Whitehouse ◽  
David K. Menon ◽  
Virginia F. J. Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Human History ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Abstract Neurological manifestations in pandemics frequently cause short and long-term consequences which are frequently overlooked. Despite advances in the treatment of infectious diseases, nervous system involvement remains a challenge, with limited treatments often available. The under-recognition of neurological manifestations may lead to an increase in the burden of acute disease as well as secondary complications with long-term consequences. Nervous system infection or dysfunction during pandemics is common and its enduring consequences, especially among vulnerable populations, are frequently forgotten. An improved understanding the possible mechanisms of neurological damage during epidemics, and increased recognition of the possible manifestations is fundamental to bring insights when dealing with future outbreaks. To reverse this gap in knowledge, we reviewed all the pandemics, large and important epidemics of human history in which neurological manifestations are evident, and described the possible physiological processes that leads to the adverse sequelae caused or triggered by those pathogens.

Subsequent Practice and Evolutive Interpretation: Techniques of Treaty Interpretation over Time and Their Diverse Consequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Arato
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Treaty Provision ◽  
Practical Matter ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Treaty Interpretation ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper compares two different means of treaty interpretation by which a treaty or treaty provision may change over time: the interpretation and reinterpretation of a treaty on the basis of its evolutive character, and the (re)interpretation of a treaty on the basis of the subsequent practice of the parties. I contend that evolutive interpretation and interpretation based on subsequent practice do not simply refer to two different and distinct phenomena ‐ as a practical matter they constitute two different “techniques of interpretation” which may or may not both be applicable in a particular case, and may sometimes both be applicable but mutually exclusive. The basic problem of the paper revolves around the following question: where the evidence is uncertain, or ambivalent, which technique ‐ if any ‐ should be applied? My goal is to show that although both techniques may be applicable to a treaty in a given case, the application of one or the other doctrine will have different consequences in the short and long term. In so doing, I will first expound the immediate effects of the techniques by examining them individually with an eye to their evidentiary criteria and their relative expansive potentialities. I shall then illustrate and compare their respective long term consequences, which I categorize as “vertical” (with respect to successive interpretations of the particular treaty in question) and “horizontal” (referring to effects on the interpretation of other treaties). Ultimately, I want to argue that neither means of interpretation is more appropriate across the board, and therefore the choice between the two techniques should be informed by the consideration of their consequences in light of the object and purpose of the particular treaty to be interpreted.

scholarly journals Emotional Abuse: Agony for Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Falak Nesheen ◽  
Dr. Shah Alam
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Emotionally Abused

Adolescence is a period of transition during which an individual experiences not only profound physical, physiological, cognitive and emotional changes but also experience many emotional abuse. The transition from childhood to adolescence may be challenging time for majority of young people. Emotional Abuse as recently stated in a maltreatment prevention guide proves to be detrimental for child‟s physical, social, mental and spiritual development. Emotional abuse has been variously characterized as “the use of verbal and non-verbal acts which symbolically hurt the other or the use of threats to hurt the other”. The basic aim of this paper is to explore the kinds of emotional abuse and then suggest various strategies to overcome such aspects of life. The paper reports a series of factors responsible for the torment among the emotionally abused adolescents or the excruciation they go through. This paper also highlights the role played by parents, teachers and peers in emotional abuse such as shame and humiliation, rejection and ignoring, terrorizing, isolating and corrupting etc. Studies during the last decades have consistently documented impaired cognitive abilities and poor academic achievement along with aggression, irritability, hyper vigilance, suicidal tendencies, paranoia and substance uses behavior among emotionally abused adolescents. If Emotional abuse remains a routine task in the life of an adolescent, it may have long term consequences at every walk of his/her life.

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