Ownership, Strategy and Performance: Is the Dichotomy Sufficient?

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gedajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ownership Strategy ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Symmetrical Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

Do ownership characteristics moderate strategy, or is ownership a strategic vari able in itself? This is the research question that motivates this study. In order to shed light on this issue, Berle and Means' (1932) separation of ownership and control thesis as well as Demsetz and Lehn's (1985) symmetrical model of owner ship are empirically evaluated in the Canadian context. The findings indicate that neither framework is sufficient to explain the strategic conduct and profitability of firms operating in Canada. It is suggested that a broader based approach incorporating government and foreign ownership distinctions would be more promising avenues for future research than those which solely consider Berle and Means' (1932) dichotomy.

Experimental deception: Science, performance, and reproducibility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianne John R. Galang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Validity ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Control Of Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Efficient Transmission ◽  
Experimental Deception

Experimental deception has not been seriously examined in terms of its impact on reproducible science. I demonstrate, using data from the Open Science Collaboration’s Reproducibility Project (2015), that experiments involving deception have a higher probability of not replicating and have smaller effect sizes compared to experiments that do not have deception procedures. This trend is possibly due to missing information about the context and performance of agents in the studies in which the original effects were generated, leading to either compromised internal validity, or an incomplete specification and control of variables in replication studies. Of special interest are the mechanisms by which deceptions are implemented and how these present challenges for the efficient transmission of critical information from experimenter to participant. I rehearse possible frameworks that might form the basis of a future research program on experimental deception and make some recommendations as to how such a program might be initiated.

scholarly journals Sustainable long-term value creation: New finance focus for boards of directors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Hugh Grove ◽  
Maclyn Clouse ◽  
Tracy Xu
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
And Performance

The major research question of this paper is how boards of directors’ practices and performance can facilitate the new finance focus on sustainable, long-term value creation. This new finance focus presents opportunities to strengthen corporate performance which enhances the gatekeeper role of boards of directors in helping both shareholders and stakeholders. The following topics are discussed and analyzed in this paper: potential examples, strategic analysis, sustainability analysis, and the circular economy. We discovered several guiding principles based on previous literature, regulatory proposals, and industry practices. Effective boards of directors need to be engaged in sustainable strategy formation and make sure long-term sustainable value creation continues to develop and does not erode. They need to have relevant industry knowledge, diverse expertise, and a proclivity for thinking independently in both good times and bad times, such as the coronavirus pandemic. They also need to develop a clear understanding of sustainable business strategies and how long-term value is created and driven through innovation and the deployment of resources. In addition, we find that boards can assess and monitor ways to measure and manage long-term value creators and drivers and encourage their companies to become involved in the circular economy with its $4.5 trillion investment opportunities. Future research could use case studies and board interviews to investigate boards of directors’ practices and performance, concerning how boards have helped develop strategies and procedures to facilitate this new finance focus on long-term sustainable value creation.

scholarly journals Behavioral Implications of Budget Preparation: A Review and Future Research Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Lutfa T Ferdous
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Performance

This paper discusses the development of the behavioral implications of budget preparation and provides suggestions for future research on budgetary slack and its negative impact on budget preparation and performance evaluation and its influence on budget preparers and users. This paper extends future research by focusing on the proposed research question and research model including developed and developing economies. In doing so, this paper identifies research questions where evidence remains mixed and new directions in which there are research opportunities.

‘We’re not run on Numbers, We’re People, We’re Emotional People’: Exploring the experiences and lived consequences of emerging technologies, organizational surveillance and control among elite professionals

Organization ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 135050841989007
Author(s):  
Andrew Manley ◽  
Shaun Williams
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The deployment of digital technologies and data analytics within contemporary organizations are continually seeking to capture vast reams of information to shape employee performance and guide behaviour. However, there is a need to further advance our understanding of the effects and unintended consequences of these technologies within differing organizational contexts. Drawing on the experiences of members connected to a UK-based professional Rugby Union club, we focus on the impact of emerging technologies and ubiquitous surveillance practices in governing employee behaviour, shifting workplace boundaries and providing the ability to resist a mode of organizational control governed by data analytics. Specific emphasis is placed upon exposing the lived consequences and tensions that emerge among employees subjected to an intensive mode of organizational surveillance. In doing so, this study highlights the manner in which emerging technologies and surveillance practices may contribute towards feelings of anxiety, precariousness and performance fatigue among their employees. Through this analysis, we aim to provide a critical understanding of managerial and leadership techniques of control, surveillance and knowledge production that may prove relevant for future research in wider organizational settings shaped by technological transformations and new forms of data-driven management.

scholarly journals Exploring prehospital C2-work during a mass gathering event

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik G. Prytz ◽  
Jonas Rybing ◽  
Eric Carlström ◽  
Amir Khorram-Manesh ◽  
Carl-Oscar Jonson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Shared Awareness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the workload and shared workload awareness in a staff performing command and control (C2) work during a planned major incident (MI) empirical case in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – Data on workload and shared awareness were collected during live C2-work using qualitative observations and in-situ interviews mixed with quantitative questionnaires. Findings – A content analysis of the qualitative data revealed categories of workload sources. Quantified workload estimates showed changes in workload levels over time and staff roles, which were also contextualized using the results of the qualitative data. Data on shared awareness indicated that team workload awareness shifted over time according to common patterns. This study demonstrates a promising methodology to study C2-related factors during live EMS work. Research limitations/implications – The observed variations in workload imply that research that relies only on post-task measurements of workload may be inaccurate. Future research could use this method to investigate the connection between workload and performance during different types of MIs. Originality/value – The results can be used to inform future Göteborgsvarvet C2-teams in terms of when, why, and for whom task load changes, which would support predictive allocation of resources.

scholarly journals Contests and unethical behavior in organizations: a review and synthesis of the empirical literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Piest ◽  
Philipp Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Employee Effort ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Contests are widely used in business contexts because they are believed to increase the effort and performance levels of employees. One negative aspect of contests is that they may provide incentives for unethical behavior aimed at improving one’s own position relative to that of competitors. It is therefore important to understand how companies should design contests so as to reduce unethical behavior without reducing the positive effects of contests on employee effort. Research from the social and behavioral sciences can offer relevant insights on this question, as in those fields competition is a subject of sustained academic interest. The aim of this review is to offer a systematic account of the growing literature on contests and unethical behavior and shed light on why and when contests among employees may lead to unethical behavior. To this aim, we also develop a framework for organizing the vast, multi-disciplinary literature in a structured and integrative manner. Through this endeavor, our review identifies several directions for future research.

scholarly journals Parameterization, Analysis, and Risk Management in a Comprehensive Management System with Emphasis on Energy and Performance (ISO 50001: 2018)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5579
Author(s):  
P. Pablo Poveda-Orjuela ◽  
J. Carlos García-Díaz ◽  
Alexander Pulido-Rojano ◽  
Germán Cañón-Zabala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Management System ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Iso Guides ◽  
Shed Light

The future of business development relies on the effective management of risks, opportunities, and energy and water resources. Here, we evaluate the application of best practices to identify, analyze, address, monitor, and control risks and opportunities (R/O) according to ISO 31000 and 50000. Furthermore, we shed light on tools, templates, ISO guides, and international documents that contribute to classifying, identifying, formulating control, and managing R/O parameterization in a comprehensive management system model, namely CMS QHSE3+, which consists of quality (Q), health and safety (HS), environmental management (E), energy efficiency (E2), and other risk components (+) that include comprehensive biosecurity and biosafety. By focusing on the deployment of R/O-based thinking (ROBT) at strategic and operational levels, we show vulnerability reduction in CMS QHSE3+ by managing energy, efficiency, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Ethnicity and mental health: Conceptualization, definition and operationalization of ethnicity from a Canadian context

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Clarke ◽  
A. Colantonio ◽  
A.E. Rhodes ◽  
M. Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Canadian Studies ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comparability Of Results

The current study provides a critical review of Canadian studies on ethnicity and mental health with respect to the definition, conceptualization and operationalization of ethnicity. It provides a discussion on the methodological issues related to these factors and their implications to guide future research and enable comparability of results across studies. Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL were used to identify relevant Canadian articles published between January 1980 and December 2004. The review highlights a number of key issues for future researchers to consider such as the need for: 1) clear rationales as to why ethnicity is important to their outcome of interest; 2) clarity on the definition of ethnicity, which affects its conceptualization and operationalization; 3) a theoretically driven conceptualization of ethnicity, which should be related to the research question of interest; and 4) clear rationales for the decisions made regarding the data source used, the operationalization of ethnicity, and the ethnic categories included in their studies.

scholarly journals Swimming and Flying in Nature—The Route Toward Applications: The Freeman Scholar Lecture

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Promode R. Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
High Lift ◽  
The Status ◽  
Edge Vortex ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Evolution is a slow but sure process of perfecting design to give a life-form a natural advantage in a competitive environment. The resulting complexity and performance are so sophisticated that, by and large, they are yet to be matched by man-made devices. They offer a vast array of design inspirations. The lessons from swimming and flying animals that are useful to fluids engineering devices are considered. The science and engineering of this subject—termed “biorobotics” here—are reviewed. The subject, being of dynamic objects, spans fluid dynamics, materials, and control, as well as their integration. The emphasis is on understanding the underlying science and design principles and applying them to transition to human usefulness rather than to conduct any biomimicry. First, the gaps between nature and man-made devices in terms of fluids engineering characteristics are quantitatively defined. To bridge these gaps, we then identify the underlying science principles in the production of unsteady high-lift that nature is boldly using, but that engineers have preferred to refrain from or have not conceived of. This review is primarily concerned with the leading-edge vortex phenomenon that is mainly responsible for unsteady high-lift. Next, design laws are determined. Several applications are discussed and the status of the closure of the gaps between nature and engineering is reviewed. Finally, recommendations for future research in unsteady fluids engineering are given.

scholarly journals Data Harmonization for Heterogeneous Datasets: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8275
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar ◽  
Shuib Basri ◽  
Abdullahi Abubakar Imam ◽  
Sunder Ali Khowaja ◽  
Luiz Fernando Capretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Data Harmonization ◽  
Heterogeneous Datasets ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Academic Implications

As data size increases drastically, its variety also increases. Investigating such heterogeneous data is one of the most challenging tasks in information management and data analytics. The heterogeneity and decentralization of data sources affect data visualization and prediction, thereby influencing analytical results accordingly. Data harmonization (DH) corresponds to a field that unifies the representation of such a disparate nature of data. Over the years, multiple solutions have been developed to minimize the heterogeneity aspects and disparity in formats of big-data types. In this study, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the state-of-the-art DH techniques. This study aimed to understand the issues faced due to heterogeneity, the need for DH and the techniques that deal with substantial heterogeneous textual datasets. The process produced 1355 articles, but among them, only 70 articles were found to be relevant through inclusion and exclusion criteria methods. The result shows that the heterogeneity of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured (SSU) data can be managed by using DH and its core techniques, such as text preprocessing, Natural Language Preprocessing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL). These techniques are applied to many real-world applications centered on the information-retrieval domain. Several assessment criteria were implemented to measure the efficiency of these techniques, such as precision, recall, F-1, accuracy, and time. A detailed explanation of each research question, common techniques, and performance measures is also discussed. Lastly, we present readers with a detailed discussion of the existing work, contributions, and managerial and academic implications, along with the conclusion, limitations, and future research directions.

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