scholarly journals Contests and unethical behavior in organizations: a review and synthesis of the empirical literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Piest ◽  
Philipp Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Employee Effort ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Contests are widely used in business contexts because they are believed to increase the effort and performance levels of employees. One negative aspect of contests is that they may provide incentives for unethical behavior aimed at improving one’s own position relative to that of competitors. It is therefore important to understand how companies should design contests so as to reduce unethical behavior without reducing the positive effects of contests on employee effort. Research from the social and behavioral sciences can offer relevant insights on this question, as in those fields competition is a subject of sustained academic interest. The aim of this review is to offer a systematic account of the growing literature on contests and unethical behavior and shed light on why and when contests among employees may lead to unethical behavior. To this aim, we also develop a framework for organizing the vast, multi-disciplinary literature in a structured and integrative manner. Through this endeavor, our review identifies several directions for future research.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

scholarly journals Application of Biomimetics to Architectural and Urban Design: A Review across Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Uchiyama ◽  
Eduardo Blanco ◽  
Ryo Kohsaka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shed Light

Application of biomimetics has expanded progressively to other fields in recent years, including urban and architectural design, scaling up from materials to a larger scale. Besides its contribution to design and functionality through a long evolutionary process, the philosophy of biomimetics contributes to a sustainable society at the conceptual level. The aim of this review is to shed light on trends in the application of biomimetics to architectural and urban design, in order to identify potential issues and successes resulting from implementation. In the application of biomimetics to architectural design, parts of individual “organisms”, including their form and surface structure, are frequently mimicked, whereas in urban design, on a larger scale, biomimetics is applied to mimic whole ecosystems. The overall trends of the reviewed research indicate future research necessity in the field of on biomimetic application in architectural and urban design, including Biophilia and Material. As for the scale of the applications, the urban-scale research is limited and it is a promising research which can facilitate the social implementation of biomimetics. As for facilitating methods of applications, it is instrumental to utilize different types of knowledge, such as traditional knowledge, and providing scientific clarification of functions and systems based on reviews. Thus, interdisciplinary research is required additionally to reach such goals.

scholarly journals The locative imaginary: Classification, context and relevance in location analytics

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-658
Author(s):  
Harrison Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Analytics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Cultural Economies ◽  
And Performance

The location analytics industry has the potential to stimulate critical sociological discussions concerning the credibility of data analytics to enact new spatial classifications and metrics of socio-economic phenomena. Key debates in the sociology of geodemographics are revisited in this article in light of recent developments in algorithmic culture to understand how location analytics impacts the structural contexts of classification and relevance in digital marketing. It situates this within a locative imaginary, where marketers are experimenting with consolidating the epistemes of behavioural targeting, classification and performance evaluation in urban environments through spatial analytics of movement. This opens up future research into the political and cultural economies of relevance in media landscapes and the social shaping of valuable subjects by third-party data brokers and analytics platforms that have become matters of public and regulatory concern.

The Impact of Self-Imagery on Affective, Cognitive, and Attentional Processes in Social Phobia: A Comprehensive Literature Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlen S. Ng ◽  
Maree J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Social Phobia (SP) is a psychological disorder characterised by an excessive and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations that interferes with daily functioning. Cognitive models of SP (Clark & Wells, 1995; Hofmann, 2007; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) emphasise the role of negative images of the self as an important factor in the maintenance of SP. While empirical research has demonstrated the link between negative self-imagery and social anxiety, many aspects of this cognitive factor are yet to be understood. Currently, there is limited research investigating the impact of different types of self-imagery and their effects on social anxiety and performance. Further research assessing the relationships between self-imagery and other maintaining processes proposed in cognitive models is also warranted. This review assesses the literature focusing on self-imagery in social anxiety, including qualitative, empirical, and preliminary treatment studies to date. Recommendations for future research and the use of imagery-based rescripting methods in the treatment of SP are also discussed.

Progress and Perspectives in the Study of Political Selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 541-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Dal Bó ◽  
Frederico Finan
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Selection ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Shed Light

We provide a model of self-selection by candidates in a probabilistic voting environment to shed light on the forces shaping the quality of politicians from both the supply and demand sides of politics. The model highlights the idea that the patterns of selection and the comparative statics of politician quality depend critically on how the costs of running for office vary for candidates with different qualities. The model offers predictions on how the quality of the political class will vary with key parameters pertaining to both the supply and demand for candidates. We use the model to frame a review of the empirical literature on political selection that has emerged over the past two decades. We contrast areas where significant progress has been made with others where important theoretical predictions remain untested or existing evidence does not allow a consensus, highlighting areas for future research.

scholarly journals Organizational culture, strategic planning and performance: empirical evidence from organizations in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.10) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sarminah Samad
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the influence of strategic planning on organizational performance of selected government organizations in Malaysia. Consequently, it determined the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between strategic planning and organizational performance. A quantitative study was carried out on a sample of 291 officers in Malaysian government organizations. The obtained data based on self-administered questionnaires was analyzed using SmartPartial Least Squares (PLS). The study revealed that strategic planning dimensions have positive effects on performance of government organizations. The results found that organizational culture has significantly moderated the relationship between strategic planning and performance. The implications from the research findings, limitation of study and future research directions are discussed. 

Ownership, Strategy and Performance: Is the Dichotomy Sufficient?

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gedajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ownership Strategy ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Symmetrical Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

Do ownership characteristics moderate strategy, or is ownership a strategic vari able in itself? This is the research question that motivates this study. In order to shed light on this issue, Berle and Means' (1932) separation of ownership and control thesis as well as Demsetz and Lehn's (1985) symmetrical model of owner ship are empirically evaluated in the Canadian context. The findings indicate that neither framework is sufficient to explain the strategic conduct and profitability of firms operating in Canada. It is suggested that a broader based approach incorporating government and foreign ownership distinctions would be more promising avenues for future research than those which solely consider Berle and Means' (1932) dichotomy.

scholarly journals Deconstructing AMO framework: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Marin-Garcia ◽  
Juan Martinez Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Performance ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose: The AMO framework has been widely accepted in HRM literature for explaining the linkage between human resources practices and performance. However, it remains unclear whether this model has been fully demonstrated or not. Hence, we propose a systematic review that aims at identifying those investigations that have thoroughly tested the model, as well as the approaches used by them.Design/methodology/approach: Systematic literature review, filtering scientific papers published in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science or Google Scholar, from the year 1993 to 2016, in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities with research that indirectly apply the AMO model in their analysis.Findings: AMO model is an excellent and structured framework that provides a better understanding of the relationship between HRM and performance. Moreover, the effectiveness of the model's proposal appears to be beyond doubt. In fact, a well trained and skilled employee will perform better, and a motivated worker will be ready to "go the extra mile". Likewise, if the work environment does not provide adequate opportunities, both abilities and motivation might become meaningless. However, we consider that many other factors could influence the positive effects of HPWS. As a matter of fact, not only contextual factors, but also individual beliefs, personal affinities, or personal circumstances (among others) might affect the implementation of these practices and the subsequent outcomes. For this reason, we consider that developing an HRM model that perfectly fit any situation is a very complicated, if not impossible, task.Research limitations/implications: The results show a significant variability in both research approaches and variables taken into consideration. In addition, it seems that little research has been conducted to verify the AMO model directly. Therefore, we consider that there is a great need to study the model from a more systematic perspective. A thorough understanding of the model could lead to a better understanding of the problems that organizations face when implementing human resource practices.Originality/value: Our study shed light on some aspects of the AMO framework within the HRM context. Specifically, we aimed to identify whether or not it is possible to confirm the model as it was originally proposed. We also find out which HR practices and measures of performance were considered across investigations, to define a standard approach.

scholarly journals Innovation Strategies, First Mover Advantage and Performance in the Context of the Microfinance Sector: A Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Paul Ouma ◽  
James M. Kilika
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
First Mover Advantage ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Mover

The prevailing business environment is erratic and unreliable. The accomplishment of trade in such environment is determined by an organization’s capability to adjust and respond to environmental variation. Innovation strategies offer a strategic option that can be used to align organization’s assets and competencies with prospects in the external environment in order to heighten survival and long term success of an enterprise. Execution of such a strategic option is likely to result in strategic moves that will register impacts in the market which requires decision makers to consider the timing of their moves that operationalize the strategy in the market. The extant literature has pursued discussions on the construct of innovation strategy separately from that of first mover in spite of the implied indications that the two can be integrated into a strategic management phenomenon that will influence the firm’s performance. This study provides a review of existing theoretical and empirical literature on the perspectives connected to innovation strategies as a strategic option, first mover advantage in the phenomenon leading to performance in the context of microfinance setting. The applicable theories are reviewed, concepts and their operational indicators identified and matched against existing empirical work and nascent knowledge gaps identified. The study finally, suggests a theoretical framework appropriate for progressing knowledge in the field of study together with the associated inferences for future research.

Tradition, innovation and relationships: emergent profiles from agro-food Italian industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-299
Author(s):  
Antonietta Cosentino ◽  
Paola Paoloni ◽  
Barbara Iannone ◽  
Valerio Temperini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Executive Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium Enterprises

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the link between innovation technology (IT), relationships which affect the relational capital (RC), and intangible value for the environment, focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of agro-food sector (AFS) in which these topics are prominent.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative research methodology, based on a multiple case study. The empirical data were obtained from interviews designed to reveal the determinants of the Paoloni's CAOS model (characteristics, ambience, organization, start-up) useful to analyze the relational capital from the firm's perspective. The content analysis shows the most important factors influence the relationships of the companies analyzed.FindingsThe empirical analysis highlights the strong link between tradition and innovation in the AFS and its positive effects on corporate sustainability and company relationships as well as in enhancing knowledge. The introduction of ITs and the positive effects it produces in terms of efficiency, product quality, environmental sustainability and new communication channels is an important factor that influences business's relationships.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the RC literature by stressing how ITs improve not only the executive process and performance of SMEs, but also the intangible resources of the territory. Accordingly, it provides both triggers for future research in the AFS, as well as suggestions to SMEs decision-makers to enhance their competitiveness. Furthermore, the paper offers insights to push policy makers in adopting policies that favor ITs investments in the AFS.

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