What is an open mind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Adam Adatto Sandel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
Good Judgment ◽  
Open Mind ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Romantic Conception ◽  
Blank Slate ◽  
The Ideal

In this article, I suggest that an open mind wholly unburdened by preconceptions and prejudgments is a mistaken ideal. Not only is it unrealistic; it deprives us of context and background knowledge relevant to judging well. I begin with two cases that show how the ideal of the “prejudice-free” mind, though appealing, may end up thwarting good judgment: blind assessment and “blank-slate” jury selection (the ideal of empaneling jurors without prejudgments). I then trace the prejudice-free ideal to the Enlightenment, exposing its roots in the subject-object worldview. Drawing on Heidegger, I suggest that the subject-object worldview is misguided and that all judgment involves a prior understanding of the matter we judge. To have an open mind, paradoxically, is to have a stake in defending a prior understanding, to be possessed of an understanding of the good that one wishes (at least provisionally) to promote. I then draw out the implications of this view for how we might make sense of cultural differences, examining the difference between the practice of marriage based on a romantic conception of love, and that of arranged marriage. By thinking through these two practices, seemingly opposed, we can arrive at a conception of marriage and love that preserves both.

scholarly journals Ageing in a non-heterosexual context

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN HEAPHY ◽  
ANDREW K. T. YIP ◽  
DEBBIE THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Living Circumstances ◽  
British Study

There is increasing recognition of the importance of social and cultural differences in shaping the diversity of the ageing experience in contemporary Britain. Various social and cultural factors, such as those associated with class, ethnicity, gender and disability, influence people's living circumstances and sources of support in later life. While they have been the subject of considerable speculation, ageing in a non-heterosexual context remains remarkably under-studied. This paper examines the difference that being non-heterosexual makes to how people experience ageing and later life. It draws on quantitative and qualitative data gathered for a British study of the living circumstances of non-heterosexuals aged between the fifties and the eighties. Previous work has overwhelmingly emphasised how individuals manage their sexual identities, but this paper focuses on the factors that shape the non-heterosexual experience of ageing and later life. Particular attention is paid to the relational and community contexts in which non-heterosexuals negotiate personal ageing. This not only provides insights into the specific challenges that ageing presents for non-heterosexuals, but also offers insights into the challenges faced by ageing non-heterosexuals and heterosexuals in ‘detraditionalised’ settings.

scholarly journals Context of culture: Critique of the primitive mind

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Nikola Bozilovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

The author of this paper has the intention to reach the new meaning and sense of the primitive mentality by analyzing it in early social communities. He also wants to point out the possible reflections of the spirit and consciousness of our ancestors on us, here and now. The first part of the paper is dedicated to a critical deliberation on anthropological conflicts which have arisen concerning the reasoning power of the so-called primitives. The crucial question lies in the following: Is the difference between the ?primitive? and the ?civilized? mentality fundamental or is it possible only to a certain degree. The author takes the notion of primitive mentality through time and points to the medieval understandings, which are occupied by teratological themes, then to the renaissance comprehension, which relies on the first experiential observations, and, finally, to the enlightenment ideas of exotic peoples out of which the myth of ?the good savage? is born. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries introduce the notions of ?people?s character? and ?national spirit?. The opinions are polarized, on the one hand of ethnocentrism, carried by the prejudice of people and ethnic groups and, on the other hand, of cultural relativism, based on the understanding and appreciation of cultural differences. In the end, the author also recognizes the modern primitive man, one who is not ready to deal with the challenges of his age. The modern primitive recalls the spirits of the past, the surviving and anachronic models of behavior, unaware of the fact that these are the same models that he has ascribed to ?savages?. However, while such thinking and acting was justified by the cultural level at which our ancestors had lived, the mental frame of the contemporary primitives is significantly in contrast with the high level of civilization development.

scholarly journals Realization of Cultural Filter in The Indonesian – English Translation of “Gundala Movie” Subtitle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375
Author(s):  
Widya Ivani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Filter Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

Translating a movie subtitle from Indonesian into English should be done carefully because Indonesian and English have some differences which may lead to ineffective communication, such as the changing of structures, the difference of meanings, and also dissimilarity of corresponding cultures. This phenomenon might be a concern since many Indonesian movies have entered international audiences and won some international awards, such as the Gundala movie that is directed by Joko Anwar. This study focused on analyzing the cultural filter implemented in Indonesian – English audio-visual translation of Gundala movie subtitles. The analysis utilizes the cultural filter theory proposed by House (2015). The data analysis focused in this study includes the characters’ utterances in Indonesian and its English subtitle provided in the Gundala movie. The subject is the Indonesian transcription from verbal dialogues produced by the movie characters in Gundala movie and its English subtitles shown on the screen. The object of the study is words, phrases, and sentences produced by the characters in the Gundala movie. Most translations applied cultural filter achieves functional equivalence. Theoretically, the cultural filter can help the translator to achieve functional equivalence. Practically, for the next translation project, it could be a good challenge for the next researcher to explore the translation studies using this theory. Pedagogically, the reader should be more familiar with the cultural differences between Indonesian and English.

scholarly journals The Big and the Great: A Reconstruction of Zhuangzi’s Philosophy on Transcendence

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

This essay attempts to demonstrate the logic of Zhuangzi in his different attitudes toward “debate on big and small” by bringing into discussion the two versions of translation in the English languages, which provide a new approach to analyze the difference in the controversial commentaries on Zhuangzi. This essay points out that the ideal of “free and easy wandering” is a type of positive pleasure. By means of rational thinking and imagination, one’s searching for the external values is turned into the internal pursuit for wisdom in the transformation of things. Zhuangzi’s theory of transcendence not only provides the subject with multi-perspectives, but also substitutes the self-identity with self-value. Through the interaction between self-awareness and self-reaction, the subject can be unified with the great Dao through purposive activities. However, Guo Xiang’s commentary cancels the necessity of self-cultivation and negates the purposefulness of the subject, which underestimates the value of Zhuangzi’s construction of transcendence.

scholarly journals Existential Features of Variety Numbers With a Puppet

2018 ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Ruslan Neupokoiev
Keyword(s):  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Classical Drama ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The dramatic principles of the variety art puppet are fundamentally different from the principles of classical drama, the application of the principles leads to the creation of not concert numbers, but etudes, or small performances. At the empirical level, there is an understanding of the difference between the number and the etude, but the lack of a clear differentiation between them and the lack the principles by which the existence of the number becomes possible creates serious problems for practical work. Principles of classical drama, formulated in the era of the Enlightenment on the basis of the Aristotle’s unity of place, time and action, continue to dominate in the view of dramaturgy to this day. Search of the principles difference from classical ones leads us to turn to a non-classical picture of the world in general and to the philosophy of postmodernism in particular. So we apply the postmodern method of deconstruction to the subject of the research. Speaking about the binary opposition “etude and number”, let us pay attention to the broader opposition: “performance and concert”. It correlates directly with the concepts proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, described in the work “Rhizome”: “tree” and “rhizome”. The linear narrative as a performance corresponds to the “tree” concept, the nonlinear narrative as a concert number corresponds to the rhizome. Linear narrative is created according to the classical principles of decalcomania, but nonlinear narrative is created according to the rhizomatic principles of cartography. “Tree” is centred on the root – ideas, “rhizome” is not centred. Rhizome is the sum of the relationship of its points. The idea in the rhizome is secondary and may arise as a result of the relationship between points of rhizome. Analysis and deconstruction demonstrate that the concert and the numbers from which it is composed, in contrast to the performance and the etude, are rhizomatic systems, and therefore require radically other principles of drama. Application to rysomatic systems of the cartography method proposed by Gilles Deleuze, when instead of proving meaning, meaning is born in the process of the research, may become the main method of non-classical drama. The subject of the study in the concert number is the behaviour of the function, which may be a metaphor of the phenomenon of life, embodied in a certain form in the non-inherent for this function of the proposed circumstances. The form-function and the proposed circumstances become points of the rhizome, and their interaction creates rise to the meaning of the concert number. Principles of rhizomatic drama, built on the cartography method, can be applied not only in the concert number with the puppet, but also throughout the art of the postmodern era.

scholarly journals MYTHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY. Second Article

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
V. M. Naydysh
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Epistemological Basis ◽  
The Ideal

The concept of interpretation (as a procedure for determining the values of those abstractions that are used in the theorization of knowledge, in the process of developing an abstract model of the subject) is applicable to any forms of knowledge, including systems of religious knowledge, designing the ideal model of the subject of religious veneration. The author analyzes the epistemological features of theology as a form of spiritual culture, its formation in ancient culture. It is shown that the epistemological basis for overcoming mythological consciousness was the decentralization of thinking, i.e. development of the ability of consciousness in the construction of the image, the picture of the world to correct the position of the subject, to take into account the relativity of the reference system, from the standpoint of which the subject perceives the object and transforms it into an operational system of thinking. Decentration of thinking provided the overcoming of the subjective mental boundaries of the field, giving the thinking nature of universality. Historical stages and moments of this process - the transformation of mythology into forms of folk art, mythopoetic epic, in the form of religious consciousness. In line with such transformations of archaic consciousness, cultural and historical prerequisites of theology emergence were formed. They are represented in mythopoetic art (Homer, Hesiod, etc.), ancient mythography, early traditions of critical and rationalistic interpretation of the myth, etc. The article shows the formation of allegorical theology, which became possible in the era of individualization of artistic creativity, when the visible was the difference between the motive and the purpose of activity, creative idea and its embodiment, figuratively-poetic and rationally-conceptual ways of reflecting the world, when the image of reality and its personal meaning began to be realized as different States of consciousness. The main function of any theology is the interpretation of abstract models of the subject of religious veneration (the imaginary image of the supernatural).

scholarly journals The axiological diversity of the European far right in the first half of the 20th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Marcin Pisarski
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe subject of the article is the issue of axiological diversity of political movements of the far right, understood on the basis of metapolitics, i.e. religious, philosophical or civilizational values. The far right considered on this ground allows us to define the so-called ideological core, i.e. the characteristics of this political trend. The fundamental features of the far right in this approach are the primacy of spiritual values over material ones and radical social and political anti-egalitarianism, expressed in opposition to subsequent ideologies referring to the egalitarian ideals of the Enlightenment. The opposition to modernity, in its real form, was common to all the factions of the far right. The difference is visible, however, between the supporters of the restoration of old socio-political institutions and those who, under the influence of nihilism, rejected the possibility of returning to the past institutions, postulating the creation of new forms expressing the eternal traditional principles. From this point of view, it is possible to indicate the fundamental paths of development of the far right, which began in the first half of the 20th century, yet still retain their cognitive value in relation to the contemporary movements of this trend.

The Devil's Tabernacle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ossa-Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Early Modernity ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ancient Religion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
European Thought ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Huge Variety

This is the first book to examine in depth the intellectual and cultural impact of the oracles of pagan antiquity on modern European thought. The book shows how the study of the oracles influenced, and was influenced by, some of the most significant developments in early modernity, such as the Christian humanist recovery of ancient religion, confessional polemics, Deist and libertine challenges to religion, antiquarianism and early archaeology, Romantic historiography, and spiritualism. The book examines the different views of the oracles since the Renaissance—that they were the work of the devil, or natural causes, or the fraud of priests, or finally an organic element of ancient Greek society. The range of discussion on the subject, as he demonstrates, is considerably more complex than has been realized before: hundreds of scholars, theologians, and critics commented on the oracles, drawing on a huge variety of intellectual contexts to frame their beliefs. A central chapter interrogates the landmark dispute on the oracles between Bernard de Fontenelle and Jean-François Baltus, challenging Whiggish assumptions about the mechanics of debate on the cusp of the Enlightenment. With erudition and an eye for detail, the book argues that, on both sides of the controversy, to speak of the ancient oracles in early modernity was to speak of one's own historical identity as a Christian.

Learning Language Levels in Students Accurate with a History Academic Achievement History

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Noorlela Binti Noordin ◽  
Abdul Razaq Ahmad ◽  
Anuar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Language Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship

This study was aimed to evaluate the Malay proficiency among students in Form Two especially non-Malay students and its relationship to academic achievement History. To achieve the purpose of the study there are two objectives, the first is to look at the difference between mean of Malay Language test influences min of academic achievement of History subject among non-Malay students in Form Two and the second is the relationship between the level of Malay proficiency and their academic achievement for History. This study used quantitative methods, which involved 100 people of Form Two non-Malay students in one of the schools in Klang, Selangor. This study used quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical inference with IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. This study found that there was a relationship between the proficiency of Malay language among non-Malay students with achievements in the subject of History. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.

The Idea of a Meaningful Synthesis of Marxist and Non-Marxist Systems of Political Economy as a Mirror of Intellectual Turmoil (About V.T. Ryazanov’s Book «Modern Political Economy: Prospects of Neo-Marxist Synthesis»)

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-98
Author(s):  
A.B. Lyubinin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Political Economic

Review of the monograph indicated in the subtitle V.T. Ryazanov. The reviewer is critical of the position of the author of the book, believing that it is possible and even necessary (to increase the effectiveness of General economic theory and bring it closer to practice) substantial (and not just formal-conventional) synthesis of the Marxist system of political economy with its non-Marxist systems. The article emphasizes the difference between the subject and the method of the classical, including Marxist, school of political economy with its characteristic objective perception of the subject from the neoclassical school with its reduction of objective reality to subjective assessments; this excludes their meaningful synthesis as part of a single «modern political economy». V.T. Ryazanov’s interpretation of commodity production in the economic system of «Capital» of K. Marx as a purely mental abstraction, in fact — a fiction, myth is also counter-argued. On the issue of identification of the discipline «national economy», the reviewer, unlike the author of the book, takes the position that it is a concrete economic science that does not have a political economic status.

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