scholarly journals MYTHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY. Second Article

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
V. M. Naydysh
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Epistemological Basis ◽  
The Ideal

The concept of interpretation (as a procedure for determining the values of those abstractions that are used in the theorization of knowledge, in the process of developing an abstract model of the subject) is applicable to any forms of knowledge, including systems of religious knowledge, designing the ideal model of the subject of religious veneration. The author analyzes the epistemological features of theology as a form of spiritual culture, its formation in ancient culture. It is shown that the epistemological basis for overcoming mythological consciousness was the decentralization of thinking, i.e. development of the ability of consciousness in the construction of the image, the picture of the world to correct the position of the subject, to take into account the relativity of the reference system, from the standpoint of which the subject perceives the object and transforms it into an operational system of thinking. Decentration of thinking provided the overcoming of the subjective mental boundaries of the field, giving the thinking nature of universality. Historical stages and moments of this process - the transformation of mythology into forms of folk art, mythopoetic epic, in the form of religious consciousness. In line with such transformations of archaic consciousness, cultural and historical prerequisites of theology emergence were formed. They are represented in mythopoetic art (Homer, Hesiod, etc.), ancient mythography, early traditions of critical and rationalistic interpretation of the myth, etc. The article shows the formation of allegorical theology, which became possible in the era of individualization of artistic creativity, when the visible was the difference between the motive and the purpose of activity, creative idea and its embodiment, figuratively-poetic and rationally-conceptual ways of reflecting the world, when the image of reality and its personal meaning began to be realized as different States of consciousness. The main function of any theology is the interpretation of abstract models of the subject of religious veneration (the imaginary image of the supernatural).

scholarly journals Keadilan Hukum Jeremy Bentham dan Relevansinya bagi Praktik Hukum Kontemporer

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Frederikus Fios
Keyword(s):  
Global Politics ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse ◽  
British Philosopher ◽  
The Ideal

Fair punishment for a condemned has been long debated in the universe of discourse of law and global politics. The debate on the philosophical level was no less lively. Many schools of thought philosophy question, investigate, reflect and assess systematically the ideal model for the subject just punishment in violation of the law. One of the interesting and urgent legal thought Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher renowned trying to provide a solution in the middle of the debate was the doctrine or theory of utilitarianism. The core idea is that the fair punishment should be a concern for happiness of a condemned itself, and not just for revenge. Bentham thought has relevance in several dimensions such as dimensions of humanism, moral and utility.  

scholarly journals BIBLİOGRAPHİC REVİEW ABOUT TURKİCNESS AND TURKİSM

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vecihi Sefa Fuat Hekimoğlu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Independence Movements ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
The Ideal

In this article briefly provides bibliographic information about the historical development of Turkicness and the Turkism movement.Before proceeding to the information about the studies and authors,who written on the topic, the process of formation of the concepts of Turkishness and Turkism is described.It has been stated that the Turkism movement in the Ottomans was influenced by Western orientalists.Information was given about the books in which Turkists such as Ziya Gökalp and Yusuf Akçura expressed their views.Finally, studies giving information about the Turkestan independence struggle were introduced. More studies are needed on the subject in libraries and archives of Turkey and the world. The archives of the Russian Federation and former Soviet republics are among the most important resource centers on the national independence movements of the Turks under Russian rule and the development of the ideal of Turkish unity. For example, in funds numbered 1, I-1, 1010 and I-47 in the Uzbekistan State Archives, there are very important documents about the activities carried out by the Turkestan Turks for their national independence and the measures taken by the competent Russian authorities against them. Among these documents, there are many reports prepared by the Russian administrators and the papers they presented. There is very important information about the position of Islam in Turkestan, the struggle of the people of Turkestan against Russian rule, the work of Tatar teachers in the Cedit schools and the measures taken by the administration of tsarist Russia against the Jadit schools and Tatar teachers.

scholarly journals God’s Power and Almightiness in Whitehead’s Thought

Open Theology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmyre M.F. Oomen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Hans Jonas ◽  
Divine Omnipotence ◽  
The World ◽  
Persuasive Power ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

AbstractWhitehead’s position regarding God’s power is rather unique in the philosophical and theological landscape. Whitehead rejects divine omnipotence (unlike Aquinas), yet he claims (unlike Hans Jonas) that God’s persuasive power is required for everything to exist and to occur. This intriguing position is the subject of this article. The article starts with an exploration of Aquinas’ reasoning towards God’s omnipotence. This will be followed by a close examination of Whitehead’s own position, starting with an introduction to his philosophy of organism and its two-sided concept of God. Thereupon, an analysis of Whitehead’s idiosyncratic view on God’s agency will show that, according to this conception, God and the World depend upon each other, and that God’s agency is a non-coercive but persuasive power. The difference between coercion and persuasion will be explained as well as the reason why God, according to Whitehead’s conception, cannot possibly coerce. Finally, a discussion of the issue of divine almightiness will allow for a reinterpretation of divine almightiness from a Whiteheadian perspective, which will show how despite Whitehead’s rejection of God’s omnipotence, his concept retains essential elements of God as pantokrator (and thus markedly differs from Hans Jonas’ concept).

AN OBJECTIVITY OF THE IDEAL IN A MODERN PHILOSOPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Evgenii M. Dmitrievskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Objective Existence ◽  
Form Scheme ◽  
The Ideal

The article analyzes the ideal from the position of antipsycholo- gism (objectivism), which is opposed to psychologism. The proponents of psy- chologism attributed the ideal only to the mind of an individual. Objectivists considered the existence of the ideal not only in the mind of a separate indivi- dual, but also outside of it, as a rule, allocating their own area for it in reality. But the objectivists also understood the objective existence of the ideal differ- ently. E. Husserl connected the ideal with the pure laws of logic and mathema- tics, comprehended intuitively. G. Frege extended the ideal, including the laws of nature, linking it with the meaning of the sentence. He also formulated the concept of three regions of reality, including the ideal. K. Popper extended the ideal to cultural objects and also introduced the principles of evolutionism into the world of the ideal. M. A. Lifshits connected the ideal with all objects, both the natural and cultural. He pointed to the activity of the ideal in relation to the subject. E.V. Ilyenkov understood the ideal not as an abstract image, but as a form (scheme) of human activity in the rational transformation of the reality objects revealed in social practice. He believed that the ideal exists objectively in the forms of social consciousness.

What is an open mind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Adam Adatto Sandel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
Good Judgment ◽  
Open Mind ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Romantic Conception ◽  
Blank Slate ◽  
The Ideal

In this article, I suggest that an open mind wholly unburdened by preconceptions and prejudgments is a mistaken ideal. Not only is it unrealistic; it deprives us of context and background knowledge relevant to judging well. I begin with two cases that show how the ideal of the “prejudice-free” mind, though appealing, may end up thwarting good judgment: blind assessment and “blank-slate” jury selection (the ideal of empaneling jurors without prejudgments). I then trace the prejudice-free ideal to the Enlightenment, exposing its roots in the subject-object worldview. Drawing on Heidegger, I suggest that the subject-object worldview is misguided and that all judgment involves a prior understanding of the matter we judge. To have an open mind, paradoxically, is to have a stake in defending a prior understanding, to be possessed of an understanding of the good that one wishes (at least provisionally) to promote. I then draw out the implications of this view for how we might make sense of cultural differences, examining the difference between the practice of marriage based on a romantic conception of love, and that of arranged marriage. By thinking through these two practices, seemingly opposed, we can arrive at a conception of marriage and love that preserves both.

scholarly journals Imagination and the Image: A Revised Phenomenology of Imagination and Affectivity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Nir
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Mode I ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

In this paper I offer a critical revision of the main thematic phenomenological writings on imagination by Sartre and Edward Casey based on the following three criteria: 1. the sufficiency of their respective sui generis accounts of imagination. 2. The capacity of their respective frameworks to account for imagination’s rich affectivity. 3. Their ability to provide a coherent and purely transcendental description of the difference between imagination and perception. I argue that in both Sartre and Casey the problematic aspects of their theories derive from focusing solely on the nature of the imaginative object at the expense of the imaginative experience as a whole. Using Husserl’s transcripts on the subject, I suggest a new phenomenological analysis of imagination as the direct intuition of the experience of the object instead of an intuition of an object in a possible mode. I argue that in imagination the object is present in a marginal way and what is directly experienced is the object’s affective form, which is an intuitive aspect of the object’s value qualities. This analysis shows that the intentional presence of value qualities in objects, and the general presence of value in the world is always connected to the way we imagine objects and not the way we perceive them, and that the value of things is better to be called their imaginative structure.

scholarly journals The Big and the Great: A Reconstruction of Zhuangzi’s Philosophy on Transcendence

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

This essay attempts to demonstrate the logic of Zhuangzi in his different attitudes toward “debate on big and small” by bringing into discussion the two versions of translation in the English languages, which provide a new approach to analyze the difference in the controversial commentaries on Zhuangzi. This essay points out that the ideal of “free and easy wandering” is a type of positive pleasure. By means of rational thinking and imagination, one’s searching for the external values is turned into the internal pursuit for wisdom in the transformation of things. Zhuangzi’s theory of transcendence not only provides the subject with multi-perspectives, but also substitutes the self-identity with self-value. Through the interaction between self-awareness and self-reaction, the subject can be unified with the great Dao through purposive activities. However, Guo Xiang’s commentary cancels the necessity of self-cultivation and negates the purposefulness of the subject, which underestimates the value of Zhuangzi’s construction of transcendence.

scholarly journals The own body as a nurse's living experience on assisting others in their dyng process

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa B. Mariotti de Santana ◽  
Maria Salete Bessa Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Learning

It refers to the study of the researcher's perception when analyzing her own existence, aiming to learn the sense and meaning of her own body as a living experience while assisting the other in the process of dying. The Merleau-Ponty phenomenology and the new hermeneutic approaches were chosen. A point of contact was established between the living experience of the approximation of the object, unveiled by the own body inserted in the world, the object and the subject of the study. The themes that emerged were about the magical-religious knowledge influences of the perceived world, the real knowledge and the teaching-learning process. The phenomenon elaborated, result of the study, allowed the learning of the thesis of the existence of a sense and meaning for the own body of health professionals when assisting others in the dying process.

scholarly journals City and Video Games: Moving Towards Each Other

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-695
Author(s):  
Irina A. Steklova ◽  
◽  
Galina N. Veslopolova ◽  
Alexander M. Steklov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Active Link ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the problem of the city new imagery, the steady convergence of real architecture and virtual architecture. Although the connection between these phenomena has been the subject of reflection by specialists from various science branches for the past decades, it has not been sufficiently manifested. Another attempt at manifestation is made in this article, within the fundamental problems of art theory and history. Its novelty consists in activating the classical category “image of the city” in the virtual space centre of video games as the most active link between artistic and empirical images of the city. On the example of real architectural objects in the cities of the last quarter of the 20th — 21st centuries and architectural objects, existing only in the popular video games locations of the last generation, the interaction mechanisms of artistic images and their transition into the empirical images sphere with a gradual blurring of the transition boundaries are studied. The contemporary architecture trend is seen as the purposeful programming of sophisticated associative games through the production of images of the city that make you doubt the reality of the world, the difference between authenticity and imaginary. In turn, cities in video games simulate the same dubiously humane worlds, only in addition they can be managed, tested for viability online. The exacerbation of gaming in architecture is seen as a postmodern provocation to critically, ironic deconstruct reality in the fullness of its contradictions, and the videogame set of cities as an ideal platform to work on the deconstruction experience and, perhaps, to reset personal relationships with the world. It shows how the artistry of video games turns into the everyday background of life, changing the perception of the urban environment and the world as a whole.

scholarly journals Image, or what? an attempt towards a holistic exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Stanisław Puppel ◽  
Joanna Puppel
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Image Generation ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Material Substance ◽  
Dialectical Constructivism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tactile Modality ◽  
The Ideal

The following is a proposition paper whose purpose is to try to provide a solid theoretical (modelling) background for research on image generation and image maintenance. As such, it is intentionally devoid of any experimental/empirical findings. And although we agree that model-reasoning is difficult to observe, we nevertheless utterly agree with Rosenblueth and Wiener’s stance according to which ‘scientific knowledge consists of a sequence of abstract models, preferably formal, occasionally material in nature (Rosenblueth/Wiener, 1945,320), who further also stated that ‘the ideal model would be one which would cover the entire universe’ (Rosenblueth/Wiener, 1945,320). We are, of course, convinced that material substance can and should be provided later on as research continues to accrue with reference to the model(s) proposed.General assumptions which are put forth in the paper are the following:1. image is pervasive in nature; in fact, in humans it is more pervasive than language. This is due to the fact that the visual-tactile modality is of fundamental significance in the daily conduct of the human species (see e.g. Fletcher, 1952; Pirenne, 1967; Schiffman, 1982; Gordon, 1989; Sekuler/Blake, 1994).2. Owing to its pervasiveness, image may be approached holistically, that is, it may be likened to life, especially to its exteriorization within the bounds of the material and perceiving/acting human body.3. The paper is based on some general theoretical orientations which may be summarized as the following:– material positivism: within this orientation, the subject matter of research is the universal occurrence of embodiment/entitiation and its consequences, dialectical constructivism: within this orientation, a human agent as an embodied entity/organism is assumed to be involved in a continuous process of constructing and changing images.

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