Transitioning From Victim to Perpetrator: Testing Direct and Mediation Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Francis D. Boateng ◽  
Christina Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Reported Data

Some criminologists have focused on understanding the role of childhood experiences on an individual’s likelihood of offending during adulthood. Although research has consistently linked these two phenomena, little is known about the extent to which childhood victimization influences later criminal behavior. The current study analyzed self-reported data to examine the abused–abuser relationship in the context of intimate relationships. Specifically, the study examined the direct effects of victimization across three types of offending, and whether or not individual characteristics in such a relationship were significant mediators. Using a multivariate OLS regression, a significant relationship was observed between childhood victimization and adulthood offending. Likewise, results revealed that individual characteristics significantly mediated this relationship. Policy implications of these observations are discussed.

What Can Help? Examining Levels of Substance (Non)use as a Protective Factor in the Effect of ACEs on Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Results illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gang Involvement Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing the Mediation Effects of Substance Use and Temperament Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Hannah J. Klein ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Gang Involvement ◽  
Adverse Childhood

A growing body of research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Less understood is the role of ACEs in gang involvement among juvenile offenders. The current longitudinal study employs a sample of 104,267 juvenile offenders (mean age of 16, 76% male, 46% Black non-Hispanic, 15.7% Hispanic) to examine the effect of ACE exposure on two different measures of gang involvement by age 18. We use structural equation modeling to test whether higher ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement and whether current substance use and/or difficult temperament mediates the ACE-gang involvement relationship. Results indicate ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement by age 18, but that much of the effect of ACEs on later gang involvement can be explained by their impact on current substance abuse and difficult temperament. Implications for juvenile justice systems are discussed.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and Empathy: The Role of Interparental Conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ana V. Antunes ◽  
Patrícia Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Cardoso ◽  
Telma C. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

The literature shows that adverse life experiences may harm individuals. The main objectives of this research were to study the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and empathy in adulthood and analyse differences between victims and nonvictims of interparental conflict. Our research evidenced that adverse childhood experiences affect individuals’ empathy in adulthood, and victims of interparental violence experienced other childhood victimization.

scholarly journals “Well, You Feel More Responsible When You’re Unsupervised”: Exploring Family Perspectives on Children’s Independent Mobility

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Negin A. Riazi ◽  
Mariana Brussoni ◽  
Patricia Vertinsky ◽  
Guy Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Independent Mobility ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policies And Programs

While children’s independent mobility (CIM) is associated with various benefits, there is evidence of a generational decline in CIM in westernized countries; therefore, it is helpful to understand how CIM is currently negotiated between children and their parents. The purpose of this study was to examine children’s and parents’ perspectives and negotiations of CIM within the family unit. Face-to-face interviews and walk-along interviews were conducted with parents (n = 44) and children (n = 22), respectively. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Four key preconditions were identified that facilitated negotiation of CIM within family units, including (1) the influence of parents’ childhood experiences regarding their view of CIM (e.g., positive interpretations of childhood on parenting practices), (2) the role of children’s individual characteristics on their independent mobility (e.g., child’s confidence in their abilities), (3) family communication as a key coping strategy (parent–parent and parent–child communication), and (4) the influence of positive perceptions of the social environment on CIM. The findings suggest that CIM thrives when these conditions are present; as a result, it may be particularly helpful to develop policies and programs that support children’s skill training, explore strategies to support communication between parents and children, and build neighbourhood connections.

scholarly journals What Determines Consumer Attitude toward Green Credit Card Services? A Moderated Mediation Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10865
Author(s):  
Moon-Yong Kim ◽  
Minhee Son
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors affecting consumer attitude within the context of green credit card services. Specifically, this research examines (1) the effect of individual characteristics (i.e., green knowledge, innovativeness) on attitude toward green credit card services; and (2) the mediating role of self-accountability and the moderating role of regulatory focus in the relationships. With a sample of 1000 green credit/debit card users, structural equation modelling and moderated mediation analyses were implemented to investigate the relationships involving green knowledge, innovativeness, self-accountability, regulatory focus, and attitude. The results indicate that (1) while the effect of green knowledge on attitude is not significant, innovativeness has a positive impact on attitude; (2) self-accountability mediates the relationship between (a) green knowledge and (b) innovativeness and attitude; and (3) regulatory focus moderates the relationship between self-accountability and attitude, such that the positive relationship is stronger for consumers with a prevention (vs. promotion) focus. Furthermore, moderated mediation was observed; that is, the mediation effects of self-accountability on the relationship between (a) green knowledge and (b) innovativeness and attitude are stronger for prevention- (vs. promotion-) focused consumers. The findings provide an important insight into how credit card companies approaching ESG issues can enhance their consumers’ attitude toward green credit card services.

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

Slavery and Ransom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Law

This chapter explores captives’ fates after their capture, all along the Ottoman land and maritime frontiers, arguing that this was largely determined by individuals’ value for ransom or sale. First this was a matter of localized customary law; then it became a matter of inter-imperial rules, the “Law of Ransom.” The chapter discusses the nature of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the role of elite households, and the varying prices for captives based on their individual characteristics. It shows that the Ottoman state participated in ransoming, buying, exploiting, and sometimes selling both female and male captives. The state particularly needed young men to row on its galleys, but this changed in the late eighteenth century as the fleet moved from oars to sails. The chapter then turns to ransom, showing that a captive’s ability to be ransomed, and value, depended on a variety of individualized factors.

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