Longitudinal Associations Between Early Risk, Father Engagement, and Coparenting and Low-Income Fathers’ Engagement With Children in Middle Childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110339
Author(s):  
Jay Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Father Engagement ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Paternal Engagement

The current investigation examined the longitudinal associations among low-income, urban fathers’ risk factors, engagement with children, and coparenting support during early childhood and paternal engagement with children at age 9 years. Using Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing data ( N = 2104), the results showed that additive individual and family risk when children were infants and preschool-age negatively predicted father engagement at age 9. Father engagement with toddlers and preschoolers positively predicted later paternal involvement with children, but coparenting support during early childhood did not predict father engagement at age 9. There was one significant moderation effect: fathers who were highly engaged with toddlers reported lower levels of engagement during middle childhood when they experienced a higher level of risk factors at age 5. Implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers are discussed.

scholarly journals Early predictors of boys' antisocial trajectories

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Shaw ◽  
Luke W. Hyde ◽  
Lauretta M. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Childhood Parenting

AbstractDespite the large number of studies tracing patterns of youth antisocial behavior (AB) during adolescence, few have prospective data on the developmental precursors of AB beginning during infancy. Using a cohort of 268 low-income boys first assessed at 18 months, the current study examined predictors of early- and late-starting trajectories of AB assessed during early childhood and early adolescence. Four trajectory groups were identified, including early- and late-starting groups, a low stable group, and a high decreasing group, characterized by multiple risk factors during early childhood and early adolescence. During early childhood, parenting and maternal depression discriminated two AB trajectory groups, an early-starting and a high decreasing group, who would go on to demonstrate a high preponderance of juvenile court involvement (60% to 79%) and elevated rates of clinical depression 13 to 15 years later. The results were discussed in reference to targeting malleable family risk factors during early childhood associated with patterns of AB and mental health disorders during adolescence.

Determinants of Paternal Engagement: Investigating Low-Income Fathers’ Caregiving, Play, and Verbal Engagement With Infants

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110315
Author(s):  
Jessica L. McCaig ◽  
Heidi E. Stolz ◽  
Siera J. Reimnitz ◽  
Megan Baumgardner ◽  
Rebecca G. Renegar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Father Engagement ◽  
Physical Play ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Paternal Engagement

Extant research highlights the importance of early paternal engagement for children and families. Thus, there is strong support for the exploration of predictors of low-income father engagement. Informed by Belsky’s process model of parenting, this study explores contextual determinants of father–infant engagement (i.e., verbal engagement, physical play, and caregiving) including the unique contributions of the child, the father, and the broader social context. We utilized survey data from a sample of 183 non-residential, cohabitating, and married low-income fathers of infants participating in a home-visiting intervention. Results demonstrated that infant age was associated with increased caregiving and verbal engagement, fathers’ total work hours were negatively correlated with verbal engagement, fathers’ depressive symptoms were linked to increased physical play, and the quality of the coparenting alliance was related to physical play and caregiving. Findings may inform programs designed to promote paternal engagement during infancy.

scholarly journals The concurrent and longitudinal associations of temperament and nutritional risk factors in early childhood

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Heuvel ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
K. Abdullah ◽  
J. L. Maguire ◽  
P. C. Parkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their associated risk factors among preschool and school children in Egypt

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0258037
Author(s):  
Walid Elmonir ◽  
Haitham Elaadli ◽  
Anan Amer ◽  
Hammed El-Sharkawy ◽  
Mohamed Bessat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the major public health problems globally, particularly in developing countries like Egypt. This study aimed to evaluate prevalence and risk factors associated with IPIs among preschool and school children in Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 996 randomly selected preschool and school-aged children in Gharbia governorate during January to April 2018. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of the parasite by direct smear and the formol-ether concentration methods. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 46.2%. Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most predominant parasites (12.7% per each). This is followed by Enterobius vermicularis (8.6%), Giardia lamblia (7.1%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.5%), Heterophyes heterophyes (1.4%), Hymenolepis nana (0.7%), Hookworms (0.6%), Fasciola hepatica (0.5%) and Dipylidium caninum (0.4%). Infected children with no symptoms (26.8%) were significantly (P < 0.001) more frequent than those with medical complaint (19.4%). Socio-demographic predictors of IPIs were preschool age (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001; 95%CI 3.3–7.3), living in rural dwellings (OR = 1.96; P < 0.001; 95%CI 1.5–2.5), and belonging to a low-income family (OR = 4.7; P < 0.001; 95%CI 2.3–9.3). The absence of safe drinking water, lack of hand washing (after soil contact, or before meals, or after toilet usage), and eating unwashed vegetables were risk factors for IPIs in the study region (OR = 1.3–6.9, P < 0.001 –P = 0.05). Higher odds for exposure to potential zoonotic parasites were evident in children with pets in their homes for G. lambia and D. caninum (OR = 2.1–8.3; P = 0.02 –P = 0.04), children having household reared ruminants for C. parvum (OR = 10.4; P < 0.001), and children that play with stray animals for E. histolytica and Hookworm (OR = 1.8–6.3; P = 0.04 –P = 0.05)compared to other children with no animal contact. The present study highlights the importance of periodic screening and treatment of IPIs in children, deworming companion animals, and public education for effective prevention of IPIs in children in Egypt.

scholarly journals Environmental and social determinants of acute rheumatic fever: a longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Cannon ◽  
M. Abouzeid ◽  
N. de Klerk ◽  
C. Dibben ◽  
J. R. Carapetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Large Family ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractAcute rheumatic fever (ARF), an auto-immune response to a group AStreptococcusinfection and precursor to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), remains endemic in many socio-economically disadvantaged settings. A Global Resolution on ARF and RHD was recently adopted at the 71st World Health Assembly where governments committed to improving efforts to prevent and control ARF and RHD. To inform these efforts, the objectives of this study were to examine associations between childhood ARF in the UK between 1958 and 1969 and a range of environmental and social factors. Of 17 416 children from the nationally representative birth cohort of the National Child Development Study, ARF was reported in 23 children during early childhood (between birth and the 7-year follow-up) and in 29 additional children during middle childhood (between the 7- and 11-year follow-ups). Risk factors associated with ARF in both early and middle childhood were: a large family size; attendance at a private nursery or class; a history of nephritis, kidney or urinary tract infections; and a history of throat or ear infections. Risk factors for ARF in early childhood alone were families with fathers in a professional or semi-professional occupation and families who moved out of their local neighbourhood. Risk factors in late childhood alone included overcrowding and free school meals. These data suggest that prevention strategies in ARF endemic settings may be enhanced by targeting, for example, new members entering a community and children in environments of close contact, such as a nursery or shared bedrooms.

scholarly journals Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Yeter ◽  
Ellen C. Banks ◽  
Michael Aschner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Black Children ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Black

There is no safe detectable level of lead (Pb) in the blood of young children. In the United States, predominantly African-American Black children are exposed to more Pb and present with the highest mean blood lead levels (BLLs). However, racial disparity has not been fully examined within risk factors for early childhood Pb exposure. Therefore, we conducted secondary analysis of blood Pb determinations for 2841 US children at ages 1–5 years with citizenship examined by the cross-sectional 1999 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The primary measures were racial disparities for continuous BLLs or an elevated BLL (EBLL) ≥5 µg/dL in selected risk factors between non-Hispanic Black children (n = 608) and both non-Hispanic White (n = 1208) or Hispanic (n = 1025) children. Selected risk factors included indoor household smoking, low income or poverty, older housing built before 1978 or 1950, low primary guardian education <12th grade/general education diploma (GED), or younger age between 1 and 3 years. Data were analyzed using a regression model corrected for risk factors and other confounding variables. Overall, Black children had an adjusted +0.83 µg/dL blood Pb (95% CI 0.65 to 1.00, p < 0.001) and a 2.8 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9, p < 0.001). When stratified by risk factor group, Black children had an adjusted 0.73 to 1.41 µg/dL more blood Pb (p < 0.001 respectively) and a 1.8 to 5.6 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (p ≤ 0.05 respectively) for every selected risk factor that was tested. For Black children nationwide, one in four residing in pre-1950 housing and one in six living in poverty presented with an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL. In conclusion, significant nationwide racial disparity in blood Pb outcomes persist for predominantly African-American Black children even after correcting for risk factors and other variables. This racial disparity further persists within housing, socio-economic, and age-related risk factors of blood Pb outcomes that are much more severe for Black children.

scholarly journals The D-score: a metric for interpreting the early development of infants and toddlers across global settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M Weber ◽  
Marta Rubio-Codina ◽  
Susan P Walker ◽  
Stef van Buuren ◽  
Iris Eekhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Existing Data

IntroductionEarly childhood development can be described by an underlying latent construct. Global comparisons of children’s development are hindered by the lack of a validated metric that is comparable across cultures and contexts, especially for children under age 3 years. We constructed and validated a new metric, the Developmental Score (D-score), using existing data from 16 longitudinal studies.MethodsStudies had item-level developmental assessment data for children 0–48 months and longitudinal outcomes at ages >4–18 years, including measures of IQ and receptive vocabulary. Existing data from 11 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries were merged for >36 000 children. Item mapping produced 95 ‘equate groups’ of same-skill items across 12 different assessment instruments. A statistical model was built using the Rasch model with item difficulties constrained to be equal in a subset of equate groups, linking instruments to a common scale, the D-score, a continuous metric with interval-scale properties. D-score-for-age z-scores (DAZ) were evaluated for discriminant, concurrent and predictive validity to outcomes in middle childhood to adolescence.ResultsConcurrent validity of DAZ with original instruments was strong (average r=0.71), with few exceptions. In approximately 70% of data rounds collected across studies, DAZ discriminated between children above/below cut-points for low birth weight (<2500 g) and stunting (−2 SD below median height-for-age). DAZ increased significantly with maternal education in 55% of data rounds. Predictive correlations of DAZ with outcomes obtained 2–16 years later were generally between 0.20 and 0.40. Correlations equalled or exceeded those obtained with original instruments despite using an average of 55% fewer items to estimate the D-score.ConclusionThe D-score metric enables quantitative comparisons of early childhood development across ages and sets the stage for creating simple, low-cost, global-use instruments to facilitate valid cross-national comparisons of early childhood development.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Risk Factors for Mealtime TV Exposure and Engagement in Low-Income Families

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Domoff ◽  
Julie C. Lumeng ◽  
Niko Kaciroti ◽  
Alison L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Childhood Risk Factors
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